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We build that tomorrow may see us:

strong in purpose determined in principle

warm from the glow of joint achievement

- the best possible education for every boy and girl

- a continuing and formal cyclical review of all of our program and
operations as the basis for improvement toward excellence for all

the assimilation of a population explosion (193,316 additional indi-
viduals enrolled between 1951 and 1963)

- the elimination of double shift for the first time in almost 100 years
-the reduction of elementary school class size, from 39+ to 32+, in
spite of the population explosion

- the completion of 236 buildings and additions and the occupancy of
4,801 additional classrooms (260 buildings and additions, 4,955
classrooms, 1951 to 1963)

the building of Chicago Teachers College North

- the expansion of the City Junior College to eight branches including
the Loop branch

- the establishment of the single salary schedule

- the increase in teacher salary from the $3000 minimum in 1953 to
the $5350 minimum in 1963 and from the $5890 maximum in 1953
to the $10,250 maximum in 1963 ($10,450 in 1964)

-the increase from an annual maximum accumulation of 10 days
with full pay and 5 days with half pay during illness to the possible
accumulation of 180 days of sick leave with full pay

- the greatly improved employee pension from $2,880 annually after
40 years of service in 1953 to $5,707 annually after 40 years of
service (with a master's degree) in 1963 ($6,031 in 1964)

- the decentralization of the administrative organization and the es-
tablishment of K-12 districts

- the conversion to the annual admissions plan

- the introduction of the continuous development plan

- the reestablishment of tuition-free summer schools

– the reorganization of the engineering and maintenance field staff
- the introduction of data processing and total information service

- the expansion of a planned city-wide testing program from three
grade levels to six grade levels, in order to identify children's needs
the increase in the number of counselors from 135 in 1953 to 280
in 1963 (counselor-student ratio of 1 to 687 in 1953 and 1 to 371
in 1963)

- the expansion of the hearing and vision testing program to include
all children at two grade levels in the elementary school and the
expansion of the teacher-nurse service

- the strengthening of the requirements for high school graduation
- the provision for diverse needs of children from the least able to
the most able-from programs for the trainable mentally handi-
capped to the "100" program and college level work in high school
for the gifted

the establishment of a four-year cyclical review of what we teach
and of the books we provide

- the utilization of outstanding scholars to review curriculum guides
- the involvement directly or indirectly of all teachers in the cyclical
review of what we teach

the establishment of consultant service for the academic subjects
- improvement through experimentation and innovation

secure in our planned educational program for present identified needs, and unified in our focus on securing the additional fiscal resources essential to maintaining and improving our program,

we are ready to face the future, to fly with the eagles to new mountain peaks knowing that just ahead shines the morning star.

36-177 O 6417

THE CHALLENGE OF

FINANCING PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN GREAT CITIES

This statement was produced as the result of a report to the Board of Directors of the Research Council of the Great Cities Program for School Improvement from:

REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE GREAT CITIES

Aker, Howard, Milwaukee

Beecher, Dwight E., Buffalo

Butler, E. R., Detroit

Carlson, James E., Houston

Clapp, Claude D., Buffalo

Donovan, Bernard E., New York City

Fox, Frederick G., Los Angeles

Furno, Orlando F., Baltimore

Helms, James K., III, Philadelphia

Hill, Donald W., Chicago

Lawson, Sam G., St. Louis

Lynch, Charles J., Boston

McElligott, Joseph P., San Francisco

Mellinger, C. S., Pittsburgh

Schaefer, John P., Pittsburgh

Suessenguth, Karl O., Cleveland

Wach, Michael, Cleveland

RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF

Bertolaet, Frederick, Executive Secretary
Thornblad, Carl E., Research Coordinator

PROGRAM FOR SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT

THE RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE GREAT CITIES

RECOMMENDS

I. That the cost of providing an adequate educational program for all children be the responsibility of the local, state and federal governments; the local share being determined by ability to pay with due consideration given to the total tax burden on the local community; the state share being in proportion to local effort and of sufficient amount to prevent overburdening local support; the federal share being a supplement to the local and state shares in providing for programs that are in the national interest or for pupils who are a federal responsibility.

II. That state financial support programs recognize differences in costs for kindergartens, elementary and secondary general education programs, trade and technical education, and programs for handicapped children; and that provisions for summer school, evening school, and other extension programs be on the same basis as for regular day school programs.

III. That building aid be provided for all types of school districts, with full consideration given to variations in the cost of school sites and construction.

IV. That the local school tax base be expanded.

V. That State or Federal support recognize that the local ability to finance public education is reduced in school districts in which the costs for nonschool governmental purposes are relatively high.

The public school systems in the Great Cities of America face a crucial challenge to provide the kind of education which is necessary to meet the social, economic and technological changes taking place today in America. This challenge cannot be met without a renewed and continuing determination by the citizens. It cannot be met without adequate financial support to provide the school systems with the necessary personnel, facilities and materials to accomplish the task expected of them.

In 1963 The Research Council of the Great Cities Program for School Improvement published a statement on the desirable policies underlying adequate financial support of public education entitled "FISCAL POLICIES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE GREAT CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN AMERICA." The present statement is an expansion of that declaration. It seeks to portray statistically the problems involved in financial support of the public schools in the nation's great cities.

36-177 O 64 18

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