now seeing active service in France, and others are rapidly being made ready for foreign service. Each of these base hospitals has a staff of 22 physicians, 2 dentists, 65 Red Cross nurses, and 150 enlisted men of the Army Medical Corps. Before war was declared, 26 of these units had been formed, and 47 are now ready for service. It costs at least $75,000 to equip a base hospital with beds, blankets, sterilizers, operating tables, tents, dental outfits, automobiles, and kitchens.”

500,000 White Plague l'ictims One of the most important undertakings of the Red Cross in France is to combat the tuberculosis peril. The report says that at the present time 500,000 persons are afflicted with tuberculosis as a direct result of the war, and that

scientific efforts to control the spread of the malady are not only of supreme concern to France herself but they are of great importance in making France healthy for our own troops." All work is being done under the general administration of the French Government and by French people.

For the relief of wounded and sick French soldiers and their families the American Red Cross has appropriated $1,000,000, and the organization has made plans to take care temporarily of the hundreds of thousands of destitute refugees in France. The report cites the French Ministry of the Interior as authority for the statement that these refugees number about 400,000, but adds that “ there is reason to think that the number is much larger."

Budget of Expenditures The following summary, covering the financial part of the Red Cross' great undertakings, concludes the report:

The budget of the Department of Civilian Relief in France, prepared by Homer Folks, Director of the Red Cross Department of Civil Affairs in France, up to Nov. 1, 1917, calls for $2,190,353.

The budget of the Department of Administration in Paris, prepared by Carl Taylor, Director of Administration, up to Nov. 1, 1917, calls for $115,700.

The budget of the Planning Department, prepared by George B. Ford, Director, up to Nov. 1, 1917, calls for $3,890.

General appropriations have also been made, amounting in all to $10,692,601. They cover hospital supplies, foodstuffs, transportation supplies and motors, building material, machinery, medical research, child welfare work, clothing, American Ambulance Hospital expenses, nurses, &c.

Before appropriations are recommended by the French Commission they are carefully prepared by the Director of the particular department concerned. They are then considered by a Finance Committee, consisting of Major Murphy, Chairman; J. H. Perkins, H. H, Harjes, H. O. Beatty, Carl Taylor, Homer Folks, William Endicott, and Ralph Preston. Three of this committee constitute a quorum, and every appropriation reported must receive the consent of all present.

Most of those in charge, for the Red Cross, of the work in France are giving their own time and paying their own expenses. A special fund of $100,000 has also been privately contributed to meet expenses of members of the French Commission unable to pay their own way.

The appropriations made for use in Europe outside of France, covering drugs and medical supplies, relief funds, and expenses, are reported as follows: For Russia

$322,780.87 For Rumania

247,000.00 For Italy

210,000.00 For Serbia

222,300.00 For England

8,800.00 For Armenia

600,000.00 Other appropriations

36,000.00 The total appropriations by the War Council for Red Cross work in Europe are as follows: In France

.$10,692, 601.00 Outside of France.

1,647,080.87

Grand total

. $12,339,681.87 Some of the European appropriations are to cover a full year, but the greater part, the report adds, will have been spent by November of this year.

Sept. 18—Rumanians in the Suchitza Valley

capture part of Teuton fortified positions near Varnitza.

CAMPAIGN IN WESTERN EUROPE
Aug. 20—French break German lines north of

Verdun on an eleven-mile front, gaining
Avocourt Wood, Dead Man Hill, Talou
Ridge, and the Corbeaux and Cumières
Woods; British repulse German counter-

attack north of Epehy. Aug. 21-French capture the Côte de l'Oie,

Regneville, and Samogneux; Canadians carry German positions on a mile front

at Lens. Aug. 22–British capture important strategic

positions for a mile along the YpresMenin road, and penetrate German

trenches further north. Aug. 23-Canadians take important positions

south of Lens. Aug. 24-French capture Hill 304 on the Ver

dun front and advance one and one-quarter miles beyond it; British forced from

the ground won on the Ypres-Menin road. Aug. 25—French capture three fortified works

near Béthincourt; British forced to give

up ground captured near St. Quentin. Aug. 26-French gain on a two and a half

mile front east of the Meuse; British ad

va ce half a mile east of Hargicourt. Aug. 30-British repulse German attacks on

the Verdun front, and penetrate German

positions in Champagne east of the Teton. Sept. 1-3-French repulse German attacks

between Cerny and Hurtebise. Sept. 4Canadians advance 250 yards on 600

yard front at Lens. Sept. 6-French repulse violent attacks in the

region of Cerny. Sept. 7-British forced to relinquish positions

gained north of Frezenburg. Sept. 8-French launch new offensive on the

right bank of the Meuse, occupying important positions on a front of about one and a half miles; Germans repulsed in Lorraine, east of Rheims, and north of

Courcy. Sept. 11-British on the Somme. carry a Ger

man trench near Villeret and ad".nce

their line nearly a quarter of a mile. Sept. 12-French in Champagne drive across

two lines of German trenches, between St. Hilaire and St. Souplet, and enter the

third line. Sept. 14-Germans enter French trenches on

a 500-yard front north of Caurières Wood. Sept. 15-French retrieve

losses north of Caurières Wood, but lose height near Chaume; British advance in Belgium east

of Westhoek. Sept. 18–Germans on the Champagne front, after

a violent bombardment south of the Miette River, reach the French lines toward the Neufchatel Road; British improve their positions east of St. Julien and raid trenches in Inverness Copse.

ITALIAN CAMPAIGN Aug. 20_Italians cross the Isonzo River

north of Gorizia. Aug. 21- Italians capture defenses between

Corite and Selo. Aug. 22-24-Italians advance on the north

ern and southern wings of the Isonzo

front in great drive on Trieste. Aug. 25-Italians capture Monte Santo. Aug. 27-Trieste civilians evacuate the city;

Austrians evacuate Monte Santo. Aug. 29-Italians gain complete control of

the Bainsizza Plateau and enter the

Chiapovano Valley. Aug. 30--Italians surround Nakobil and at

tack the forest of Tarnovo. Aug. 31-Italians consolidate their gains on

the Bajnsizza and Carso Plateaus, and

make further gains on San Gabriele. Sept. 1-German troops appear for the first

time on the Carso front. Sept. 2-3—Italians push on in the Bresto

vizza Valley. Sept. Italians capture Monte San Ga

briele. Sept. 5- Italians capture an Austrian posi

tion south of Ocrogio and repulse enemy attacks on the Carso Plateau from Cas

tagnevizza to the sea. Sept. 6-9-Monte San Gabriele changes hands

several times. Sept. 10_Turkish reinforcements thrown

into the campaign along the Isonzo front, Sept. 14 Italians gain the northwestern

crest and the peak of Monte San Gabriele.

AERIAL RECORD On Aug. 22 Zeppelins raided Yorkshire, kill

ing one man, and Gotha airplanes raided Dover, Margate, and Ramsgate, killing eleven persons and injuring thirteen. Eight German machines were brought down. Another raid was made on the east coast on Sept. 2, and on Sept. 3 bombs were dropped on the naval station at Chatham, killing 108 persons and wounding 92. The first moonlight raid over the London district occurred Sept.

Eleven persons were killed and sixtytwo hurt. The British bombarded Zeebrugge, Bruges,

and many points back of the German

lines in Belgium and Northern France. The Germans attacked Calais and Dunkirk. French aviators raided Stuttgart, Colmar,

and bases near Metz. British naval seaplanes dropped bombs on

German destroyers along the Belgian coast, hitting one destroyer and sinking

at least one trawler. Italians raided Pola. The Germans attacked Vandelaincourt Hos

pital on Aug. 22, killing ten wounded men, one

woman nurse, and nineteen men nurses. Another attack on the same hospital was made on Sept. 6, when nineteen persons were killed and twenty-six

was

Petrograd, where Kerensky proclaimed a state of siege.. General Denikine, commander on the southwestern front, and the whole of his headquarters staff and General Erdelli were arrested. The Baltic fleet unanimously placed itself on the side of the Provisional Government. Kerensky became Commander in Chief of the army and General Alexeieff, Chief of Gen

eral Staff. General Krymoff, commander of the troops

sent by Korniloff to capture Petrograd, was arrested and committed suicide. Kor

niloff himself was taken into custody. The Bolshevikis gained control of the Pet

rograd Council of Deputies. This resulted in friction between the Constitutional Democrats and the Socialists in the Cabinet, followed by the withdrawal of all the Constitutional Democrats save one. A new Cabinet of five members

formed. A republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government on Sept. 14.

MISCELLANEOUS Louis J. Malvy, Minister of the Interior and

Radical Socialist, quit the French Cabinet, and the head of the Secret Service, M. Leymarie, also gave up his post as a result of disclosures of alleged anti-patriotic activities on the part of Miguel Almereyda, editor of the Bonnet Rouge, and some of the directors of the paper.

The Ribot Cabinet resigned, and Paul Painlevé, MinS last month's chronicle closed, the

battle line from Flanders to the Adriatic seemed everywhere to be

in movement. The British and French were again striking hard northeast of Ypres. The Canadians, already having cracked the carboniferous nut of Lens, appeared to be on the point of extracting the kernel. North of the Aisne and in Champagne the French were still checkmating the costly assault of the German Crown Prince. A bombardment at Verdun from the French side seemed to be puzzling military critics. The Italians were just launching their second great offensive of the year.

On the eastern front all was confusion and uncertainty-in the south the Rumanians and Russians were still gallantly contesting Moldavia with the Austrians, but further north the Russian military mutiny and the Teutonic obvious lack of men and munitions to take full advantage of it left the military situation there dominated by the question: Where will the Germans strike in order to obtain a maximum gain-strategic, political, or industrial—with the minimum extension of line?

In the course of the month three movements have developed and detached themselves from the foregoing mass until, by their intrinsic military importance, their sensational details, or their bearing upon the future, they have overshadowed all else. These are the great Italian offensive, which has changed the battle of the Isonzo into the battle of the Julian Alps; the occupation of Riga by the Germans, and the French expansion of their lines north of the town of Verdun, which, beginning as something of an enigma, like the great German assault on that place in 1916, is gradually assuming a strategic movement of definite progress and objective.

Flanders Offensive Suspended But first let us dismiss as briefly as possible the events which have suffered obscuration by comparison on the western front. Between Aug. 18 and 22 the British and French had consolidated their gains in Flanders northeast of Ypres on a three-mile front beyond St. Julien and Fortuyn, and had made a perceptible gain on the Ypres-Roulers road. The English alone had done the same on the road to Menin. These movements seemed a necessary preparation to an attempted envelopment of the Westhoek Ridge, which lies between.

Then, in the early days of September, occurred an event which caused the Allies in this region to suspend operations until they could discover its meaning. This was the German order to the civil populations of Thourout, Courtrai, 'and Roulers to take refuge in Ghent and Limbourg. Two explanations of this act have been advanced: First, that the Germans meditated a retreat to their fortified line, Scheldt-Ghent-Sas van Get; second, that they intended to flood the front of the Allies from Dixmude to Ypres by damming the Scheldt east of Ghent and turning its waters at that place up the Lys, which would also be dammed by the same obstruction, just as they had already flooded the country between Nieuport and Dixmude by means of the Yser and its canals.

To meet either emergency would require an entirely different line of action. It will be remembered that in both the Nieuport-Dixmude affair of 1915 and the German retreat to the Hindenburg line last Spring the Allies were taken by surprise. Now, Germany's advertised evacuation by the civil population of an area of 550 square miles in West Flanders is full of interesting possibilities.

At Lens, on the night of Aug. 21-22, both Germans and the Canadians exe