NORTH DAKOTA.- Every person performing labor or furnishing materials, machinery, or fixtures for any building, erection, or other improvement upon land, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, or with his consent, may have a lien on such building, etc., and the land on which it is situated. When materials, etc., are furnished to contractor or sub-contractor notice must be given to owner. Notice of intention to claim lien for materials must be filed with clerk of district court of county, and lien will take precedence only over conveyances filed thereafter. Notice of lien, with written consent of owner if lien is for materials, must be filed with clerk of district court within ninety days after all labor is performed or materials furnished. If owner so demands, suit to enforce lien must be brought within thirty days after demand.

OHIO. - Any person performing labor or furnishing machinery, materials or fuel for constructing or repairing any vessel, or any building, bridge or other structure, or any oil derrick, oil tank, oil or gas pipe line, or digging, drilling or operating any gas, oil or other well, or furnishing tile for draining, by virtue of a contract express or implied with the owner or agent, may have a lien on structure and interest of owner in land. One furnishing labor or materials on a road, drain, etc., may have similar lien on interest of owner in the land and that abutting. Statute provides for notice to owner of claims for liens, and of names of all sub-contractors, workmen and material men, and amounts due them, before payments are made to contractor, and authorizes him to retain and pay such amounts, holding him responsible for sixty days after completion of work, for all amounts due, but not beyond amount of original contract. Every person claiming lien must within sixty days after furnishing last labor or materials file in office of county recorder affidavit showing net amount due, description of property, name of persons to whom labor or materials were furnished and name of owner, if known, and within thirty days thereafter serve copy on owner, or, if not found in county, post same on premises. Owner may require him to bring suit; if not brought within sixty days lien is lost. Liens have precedence over all titles given or recorded after commencement of construction, etc.

OKLAHOMA.- Any person performing labor or furnishing material in building, altering, or repairing building or structure may have a lien on structure and land. If the work be done or material furnished under contract with the owner of the land, or trustee, agent, husband, or wife of owner, statement under oath must be filed with clerk of district court within four months, setting forth amount claimed, the items, names of owner, contractor, and claimant, and description of property. If work be done or materials furnished under sub-contract, statement must be filed within sixty days and notice served on owner. Suit must be brought within one year after filing lien.

OREGON.- Any person who, by virtue of a contract with the owner or his agent, performs any labor, or furnishes any materials, engines, or machinery for the construction or repair of any building or structure, has a lien on the building and lot on which it stands for his pay. An original contractor must file in the office of the county clerk, within sixty days after the completion of the building or repairs, a notice of his intention to claim a lien, specifying the amount due and the property. A laborer or sub-con

tractor must file notice within thirty days. The lien will not be binding for more than six months after such filing, unless suit is brought. All persons furnishing fuel or materials to a contractor with a railroad corporation may secure a lien on the property of the latter but not to an amount exceeding that due by the corporation to the contractor. Mechanics and artisans have a lien on personal property made or repaired by them, and if their charges are not paid in three months, they may sell the property.

PENNSYLVANIA.— Under Act of 1901 buildings and land are subject to liens for labor and materials, exceptions, however, existing in certain cases, i. c., where furnished tor public purposes, or where the land is held by trustee of lunatic or minor children, etc. Where tenancies or leasehold estates are involved, or where it is a case of alterations or repairs, the claim must be filed in the court of common pleas within three months of completion; in other cases within six months. Where a sub-contractor has three months within which to file his claim he must give the owner written notice and a sworn statement of the claim at least thirty days before such claim is filed, and where he has six months, the notice and statement must precede the filing of the claim at least forty-five days. Scire facias must be issued within two years, and verdict rendered thereon within five years.

RHODE ISLAND. Every building or other improvement erected or repaired, by contract with or consent of the owner, is subject to a lien for all work done or materials furnished in the construction or repair of the same. By Act of 1906, contractors or sub-contractors shall have lien for work on labor furnished within forty days next preceding time of notice and within ten days after giving such notice shall record copy with town clerk or recorder of deeds; this act repeals only acts inconsistent herewith. Persons furnishing materials must give notice to owner, and record same in town clerk's office within sixty days after materials are placed on land.

To enforce lien, the claim, including an account and description of property, must be filed in the office of the town clerk of town where land is situated within four months after default in any payment if work is done by written contract, or within six months after commencement of work under verbal contract. A petition in equity must be filed in the clerk's office of the supreme court within twenty days after the filing of the claim.

SOUTH CAROLINA.-Any person to whom a debt is due for labor performed or materials furnished and actually used in the erection, alteration, or repair of any building or structure on real estate, by virtue of a contract with or consent of the owner or his agent, has a lien on the buildings and land for his pay. A sub-contractor may also have such lien by notifying the owner and the original contractor before furnishing labor or materials of his intention to claim lien, but the whole amount of such liens must not exceed amount of lien of original contractor. If the owner is not the contracting party, he may prevent any lien from attaching by giving written notice that he will not be responsible for the debts of the contractor.

The claimant, within ninety days after ceasing to labor or furnish materials, must file in the office of the register of mesne conveyances of the county a statement of his account, with a description of the property and the owner's Suit must be begun within six months after ceasing to labor.

name.

SOUTH DAKOTA. - Every person doing labor upon, or furnishing materials, machinery, or fixtures for any building or other improvement on land, by virtue of any contract with the owner, or his agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, may have a lien on the land and the buildings, etc. Owner may retain from contractor and pay amounts due other lienors. Lien ceases at end of ninety days after last item furnished unless verified claim be filed with register of deeds giving amount due and for what purpose, names of claimant and person for whom labor, etc. was furnished, dates of first and last items, description of property and name of owner.

TENNESSEE.-There is a lien on any lot of land upon which a house has been built or repaired, or fixtures or machinery furnished or erected, or improvement made by special contract with the owner or his agent in favor of all persons doing any work or furnishing any materials on or about the same. If a mortgagee has written notice of a contract to furnish such labor and materials before the work is begun and fails to object within ten days, the lien will take precedence over the mortgage. The lien includes the buildings on the land, and continues for one year after completion of the work. Sub-contractors and workmen must, at the time of beginning to work, give notice to the owner of their intention to claim a lien, or they may, within thirty days after building is completed, or their contracts expire, notify in writing the owner that lien is claimed, and such lien shall thereupon have precedence over all other liens for ninety days, providing statement be filed with county registrar.

TEXAS. - Any person laboring or furnishing materials, machinery, fixtures or tools for erection of any house or improvement, or repair of any building or improvement, or construction or repair of levee or embankment has a lien thereon and on land. Every original contractor within four months, and all others within thirty days after indebtedness accrued must file with county clerk copy of contract if in writing, or if unwritten itemized account under oath, together with description of building, etc. and land. Fersons furnishing material to contractor or sub-contractor must give owner written notice of items furnished and amounts due, or within ninety days file itemized account with county clerk. Sub-contractors and laborers must give owner ten days notice before filing lien. Owner must retain ten per cent. of contract price or value of building, etc., for thirty days after completion of work to meet claims of workmen, but is in no case liable beyond contract price.

UTAH.-Any person who furnishes labor or materials in the construction or repair of any building, structure, or improvement on land, or in working a mine, has a lien thereon, provided he files with the county recorder within sixty days after the completion of his contract, if an original contractor, or forty days after ceasing to labor or furnish materials, etc., if a

sub-contractor, a claim, under oath, containing a statement of his demand after deducting all credits, name of owner if known, and employer, the terms of the contract, and description of property. Suit for foreclosure must be commenced within one year after completion of contract, or suspension of the work for thirty days.

VERMONT.-When any contract is made, in writing or otherwise, for the erection, repair, or alteration of any building, or for furnishing any materials about the same, the person proceeding under the contract has a lien on the house and land, which continues for three months after payment of the claim is due, provided the claimant file in the clerk's office of the town where the building is, a memorandum signed by him showing his claim, and commences an action to enforce the same within said three months. The property on which lien is claimed is to be attached within five months after judgment, and copy of record filed in town clerk's office, whereupon lien becomes one in nature of mortgage, and is foreclosed as such. Sub-contractor may have similar lien not exceeding amount due original contractor by filing lien and giving notice to owner. Mechanics have a lien on articles repaired.

VIRGINIA. All persons performing labor or furnishing materials for the construction or improvement of buildings or other structures, or repair thereon if ordered by owner or his agent, have a lien thereon, and on so much land as is necessary to the convenient use thereof. A general or a subcontractor or material man must, within thirty days after completion of building or furnishing materials, file in the county clerk's office (or, if the property be in the city of Richmond, in the clerk's office of the chancery court), a sworn statement of account, with a description of the property, and claim a lien thereon. Sub-contractors or material men must, also, within thirty days, notify in writing the owner of the property or his agent, and the owner will be liable to the sub-contractor or material man for so much of his claim as does not exceed the amount due by the owner to the general contractor at the time notice is given. Sub-contractor may, before performing labor or furnishing materials to general contractor, give owner written notice of intention to claim lien, stating probable amount, and within thirty days after structure is completed give to owner and contractor a verified statement of account, and owner shall thereupon be personally liable to extent of amount then due contractor. Suit to enforce lien must be brought within six months.

WASHINGTON.-Mechanics and material men may have liens on buildings and lands on which they stand, by filing notice thereof, within ninety days of the completion of the work of furnishing materials, with the county auditor, stating amount due above all set-offs. Suit must be brought within eight months after such filing.

Lumbermen may have a similar lien on logs and timber by filing notice of lien in county auditor's office within thirty days after debt accrued, and

bringing suit thereon within eight months thereafter. Farm laborers have lien on crops if filed within forty days. Blacksmiths, machinists, wagon makers, boiler makers, etc., have a lien on articles upon which they have worked for a period of one year. Persons performing labor for any person or corporation, in the operation of any railway, canal, or transportation company, or any water, mining, or manufacturing company, saw mill, etc., shall have a lien upon the franchise, earnings, and property of such person or corporation for labor performed during the six months preceding the filing of his claim with the county auditor, which must be done within ninety days after completion of such labor.

WEST VIRGINIA.- Every person who shall perform any work or labor, or furnish any materials in the construction, alteration, or repair of any house, mill, or other building, or appurtenance, bridge, or other structure, by virtue of a contract with the owner or his agent, or with a principal contractor, has a lien on the buildings and land for his pay. He must, within sixty days after ceasing to labor or furnish materials, file with the clerk of the court for the county where the property is a true account under oath of the amount due, a description of the property, and the owner's name. Subcontractors and workmen must, within thirty-five days after their employment expired, or materials were furnished, or within ten days after being notified by the owner so to do, give to the owner an itemized account of the amount due them, and notice that a lien is claimed therefor. Such account need no be filed unless demanded, if sub-contractor, etc., before commencing work notify owner that a lien will be claimed. The aggregate of such liens shall not exceed the amount due to the original contractor at the time such notic is given, provided contract is recorded in county clerk's office. Suit to en force the lien must be begun within six months.

WISCONSIN. Every person furnishing labor, materials, or machinery, in the erection, construction, repair, protection, or removal of any building, bridge, water lot, wharf, well, or fountain, fence, sidewalk, etc., may have a lien thereon to the extent of forty acres, or, within the limits of an incorporated city or village, one acre. A claim for lien must be filed with the clerk of the circuit court within six months from the date of the last charge, and action brought within one year from such date, unless, within thirty days before the expiration of the year, the time is extended for another year, by annexing to the claim on file an affidavit showing the interest of the claimant in the property by virtue of such lien.

Sub-contractors and employers have a similar lien to the extent of amoun. due from owner to contractor, if notice is given to owner within sixty days after the last charge, and claim of lien filed within six months.

WYOI ING.—Any person performing labor or furnishing materials, fixtures, or machinery for any building, erection, or improvement on land or for repairing the same, may have a lien on the land to the extent of one acre, or, if in a city, town, or village, on the lot on which the building is situated. Every original contractor within four months, and every subcontractor, journeyman, or laborer within ninety days, after indebtedness accrues, must file with the register of deeds of the county an account, under eath, of the amount due after allowing for credits, a description of the