other counties it becomes such by filing a transcript. The lien continues for ter years, but unless execution issues within twelve months it ceases to bi ad the property.

STAY LAWS. Stay of execution is allowed only in justices' courts or three months, on giving bond with good security.

EXEMPTIONS. A homestead of two hundred acres not in any town or city, or a lot or lots. in a city, town, or village, not to exceed five thousand dollars in value. Also to every head of a family, alf household and kitchen furniture. all implemer's of husbandry, tools or apparatus of trade or profession, family library, and family portraits and pictures, five milch cows and calves, two yoke of oxen with yokes and chain, two horses and one wagon, one carriage or buggy, one gun. twenty hogs, twenty head of sheep, all provisions and forage for home use, bridles, saddles, and harness necessary for the use of the family, and a lot in a cemetery; to every person not the head of a family, a horse, bridle, saddle, necessary wearing apparel, tools, apparatus, and private library, and burial lot. Current wages cannot be garnisheed.

UTAH-ACTIONS. There is but one form of civil action, which is commented by the filing of a complaint and the issuing of a summons. Nonresidents may be required to give security for the costs.

ARREST. No person can be arrested in a civil action except an abscending dcbtor. Plaintiff must show by affidavit that case is within this provision, and furnish written undertaking with two sureties for not less than five hundred dollars, to pay all costs and damages incurred by defendant in case the arrest be unlawful.

ATTACHMENT. Attachment may issue at commencement of the suit or at any time thereafter, on filing with the clerk of the court an affidavit showing that defendant is indebted to plaintiff, specifying the amount above all legal set-offs, and whether upon a judgment or an express or implied contract, and that the same has not been secured by mortgage or pledge, or that if originally so secured, that the security has become valueless without any act of the plaintiff, that the same is an actual, bona fide, existing demand, due and owing from defendant to plaintiff, and that the attachment is not sought nor the action prosecuted to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor, and specifying one or more of the following causes: That the defendant is a non-resident, or has departed or is about to depart from the State to the injury of his creditors, or stands in defiance of an officer, or conceals himself so that process cannot be served upon him, or has assigned, disposed of, or concealed any of his property with intent to defraud his creditors, or is about to do so, or has fraudulently contracted the debt or incurred the obligation on which the action is brought. Plaintiff must also give security for costs and damages. GARNISHMENT. Property or debts due to defendant from third persons may be

garnished.

fo

JUDGMENTS are liens upon real estate owned by the defendant in the county eight years from the time of docketing, and may be made liens in any other county from the time of filing a transcript with the recorder.

STAY LAWS. There is no provision for the stay of execution, except by appeal.

EXEMPTIONS. Chairs, tables, desks, and books of the value of two hundred dollars; library and musical instruments, necessary household furniture etc., of the value of three hundred dollars; sewing-machine, carpets, family paintings, provision on hand for three months, two cows with their sucking calves, and two hogs and all sucking pigs, wearing apparel, beds and bedding; farming implements of the value of three hundred dollars; two oxen, horses, or mules, and harness, and food for animals for sixty days; a cart or wagon; seed, grain, or vegetables, not exceeding in value two hundred dollars; crops not exceeding two hundred dollars; tools and implements of a mechanic or artisan, not exceeding in value five hundred dollars; the seal and records of a notary public; the instruments and chests of a surgeon, physician, surveyor, or dentist, with their libraries, and the law libraries and office furniture of attorneys and judges, and libraries of ministers, type-writing machine of stenographer, etc.; printing presses, type, etc., of printer, not exceeding five hundred dollars; the cabin of a miner, not exceeding five hundred dollars in value, and his tools and appliances not exceeding in value five hundred dollars; two oxen, horses or mules, and harness and vehicle by which a cartman, huckster, teamster, or other laborer habitually earns his living; and one horse, harness, and vehicle of a physician, surgeon, or minister, with feed for the horse for three months; one-half the debtor's earnings for personal services within thirty days preceding the levy if he has a family dependent on him; life insurance policies and benefits where the annual premiums do not exceed five hundred dollars; all arms, ammunition, and accoutrements required by law to be kept; all public buildings and churches; to the head of a family, a homestead to be selected by the debtor, not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars in value, and the further sum of five hundred dollars to his wife, and two hundred and fifty dollars for each other member of his family.

VERMONT.

ACTIONS. The common law is in force, and the old actions are in use. Process is by writ of summons or attachment.

ARREST. Defendant may be arrested in any action of tort for want of attachable property and in an action of contract, or on execution issued in an action of contract, on an affidavit that the affiant believes that defendant is about to abscond or remove from the State, and has secreted his property to the amount of twenty dollars not exempt. Females cannot be arrested in actions of contract.

ATTACHMENT issues of right on original writ, without affidavit or bond. Personal property attached must be taken possession of by the officer or a copy of process and return thereon filed in town clerk's office and notice given to the defendant. It is a lien on personal property for thirty days after judgment, and real property for five months from such judgment.

GARNISHMENT is called TRUSTEE PROCESS. Action on contracts may be begun by trustee process, and any persons having goods, effects, or credits may be summoned and the property attached. Debts and legacies, absolutely due, may be so attached, and corporations summoned as trustees.

JUDGMENTS bear interest at six per cent., and are not liens on real property. (See ATTACHMENT.) There is no stay of execution.

EXEMPTIONS. Suitable apparel, bedding, tools, arms, and articles of household furniture necessary for the debtor and his family, one sewing-machine, one cow, the best swine, or meat from one swine, ten sheep, and one year's produce in wool, yarn, or cloth, forage for ten sheep and one cow for the winter, ten cords of firewood or five tons of coal, twenty bushels of potatoes, all growing crops, ten bushels of grain, one barrel of flour, three swarms of bees, and hives and produce in honey, two hundred pounds sugar, lettered gravestones, Bibles and other books used in the family, one pew in church, live poultry to the value of ten dollars, professional books and instruments of physician, professional books of an attorney or clergyman to the value of two hundred dollars, one yoke of oxen or steers, and forage for the winter, two horses kept and used for team work, and such as the debtor may select in lieu of one yoke of oxen or steers, but not exceeding two hundred dollars in value, and forage for the winter, arms and equipments used by any soldier in the service of the United States and kept as mementoes of service, one two-horse wagon or one ox cart, one sled or set of traverse sleds, two harnesses, two halters, two chains, one plow, and one ox yoke which, with the oxen, steers, or horses exempted, shall not exceed two hundred and fifty dollars in value, also mechanic's tool chest. A homestead of a housekeeper, or head of a family, to the value of five hundred dollars.

VIRGINIA.-ACTIONS. The common law forms except replevin remain, and actions are begun by original writ and summons. The assignee of a bond or note may sue in his own name.

ATTACHMENT may issue on affidavit that a defendant is-1. A foreign corporation; 2. Is a non-resident of the State having estate or debts due him within the county where suit is brought; or 3. Is removing or about to remove from the State with intent to change domicile; or 4. Has removed or is about to remove property sued for, or his estate or a material part thereof so that execution on a judgment will be unavailing; or 5. Has converted or is about to convert his property or part thereof into money, securities, etc., with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors; or 6. Has disposed of or is about to dispose of his estate or part thereof with like intent; or against a tenant for rent not due but payable within a year, on affidavit stating amount of rent reserved, when payable, and that tenant has within thirty days removed or is about to remove his effects from the premises, not leaving property liable to distress, sufficient to satisfy the rent to become payable; or against a vessel or the estate of the master or owner on a claim for materials or supplies, or for wharfage, pilotage, contract for transportation, or for injury to person or property by such vessel or any person in charge of her.

ARREST. There is no imprisonment for debt, but defendant may be arrested and held to answer on an affidavit showing the cause of action, the amount claimed, and that the defendant is about to quit the State.

GARNISHMENT is allowed on original attachment against any person having goods, effects, or credits of defendant, or who is indebted to him, and also on writ of fieri facias, on suggestion by judgment creditor that there is a lien by such writ on any third party as having property of the defendant. JUDGMENT is "en on real estate in the county where rendered from the

first day of the term when rendered, and every other county from the time of docketing in such county, but as against a purchaser for value it must be duly docketed. The lien may be enforced in a court of equity. If it appears to the court that the rents and profits of the property subject to the lien will not satisfy the judgment in five years, it may order the property, or part of it, to be sold, and apply the proceeds to discharge the judgment. Judgments bear interest at six per cent.

STAY OF EXECUTION. There is no stay of execution except on appeal, and on small claims in the justice courts, in which on security being given execution may be stayed for a period not exceeding ninety days.

EXEMPTIONS. To a householder-1. Family Bible. 2. Family pictures, school-books and library for family use, to the value of one hundred dollars. 3. Seat or pew in church. 4. Lot in a burying-ground. 5. Necessary wearing apparel, beds, bedding, and bedsteads, stoves and appendages put up, and necessary for family use, not exceeding three. 6. One cow and her calf, one horse, six chairs, one table, six knives, forks, and plates, one dozen spoons, two dishes, two basins, one pot, one oven, six pieces wood or earthen ware, one loom and appurtenances, one safe or press, one spinning wheel, one pair of cards, one axe, two hoes, ten barrels corn, or in lieu thereof twenty-five bushels of rye or buckwheat, five bushels wheat, or one barrel of flour, two hundred pounds of pork or bacon, three hogs, forage or hay to the value of ten dollars, one cooking-stove and utensils, one sewing-machine, a mechanic's tools and utensils of trade to the value of one hundred dollars, the boat and tackle of an oysterman or fisherman not exceeding two hundred dollars; and to a laboring man being a householder, wages not exceeding fifty dollars per month. If the debtor is engaged in agriculture, one yoke of oxen, or one pair of horses or mules, with necessary gearing, one wagon or cart, two plows, one drag, one harvest cradle, one pitchfork, one rake, two iron wedges. In addition to the above is allowed to a householder, widow, or minor children, a homestead of real estate or personal property to the value of two thousand dollars, except as to certain preferred claims.

WASHINGTON.-ACTIONS. All distinctions in the forms of actions are abolished. They must be prosecuted by the real party in interest, and are commenced by filing a petition and serving a summons.

ARREST. Defendant may be arrested by order of court in the following cases: in an action for the recovery of damages, on a cause of action not arising out of contract, when defendant is a non-resident or is about to remove from the State, or in an action for injury to person or character, or for injuring or wrongfully taking, detaining, or converting personal property; in an action for a fine or penalty or on a promise to marry, or for money received or property embezzled or fraudulently misapplied or converted to his own use by a public officer, attorney, an officer or agent of a corporation, a factor, agent, broker, or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity, or for misconduct or neglect in office or professional employment; in an action to recover the possession of personal property unjustly detained, when it has been concealed, removed, or disposed of so that it cannot be taken by the sheriff with intent that it shall not be so taken as to deprive plaintiff of benefit thereof; when defendant has been guilty of fraud in contracting the debt or incurring the obligation on which the suit is brought, or in conceal

ing or disposing of property sued for or has removed or disposed of hi property, or is about to do so, with intent to defraud creditors; when the action is to prevent threatened injury to property in which plaintiff claims an interest; on final judgment or order of court when defendant having no property subject to execution has money which he ought to apply in payment but refuses, with intent to defraud plaintiff.

Plaintiff must furnish security for costs and damages.

ATTACHMENT may be had on filing affidavit of net amount due and that attachment is not sought, nor action brought to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors, and either that defendant is a foreign corporation, or a non-resident; or that he conceals himself, or has absented himself from his usual place of abode so that process cannot be served on him; or that he has removed or is about to remove property from the State to delay or defraud creditors; or that he has assigned, secreted, or disposed of property, or is about to do so to delay or defraud creditors; or that he is about to convert property into money to place it beyond reach of creditors; or that debt was fraudulently contracted; or that damages sued for are for injuries arising from some felony or for seduction.

Attachment may issue before debt is due, on affidavit that defendant is about to dispose of property to defraud creditors; or that he is about to remove from the State, and refuses to arrange for payment of debt, which contemplated removal was unknown to plaintiff when debt was contracted; or that he has disposed of property to defraud creditors; or that debt is for property obtained by false pretenses. Plaintiff must give security.

GARNISHMENT. Debts, credits, and personal property in the hands of third persons may be attached. Wages to amount of one hundred dollars exempt, except for necessaries, then only part of that amount.

JUDGMENT is a lien on land for five years from date of judgment in the county where rendered, in other counties from date of filing transcript with county clerk.

STAY OF EXECUTION is allowed on judgments as follows: In the Supreme Court, on sums under five hundred dollars, thirty days; on sums between five hundred and fifteen hundred dollars, sixty days; on sums over fifteen hundred dollars, ninety days. In the Superior Court, on sums under three hundred dollars, two months; between three hundred and one thousand dollars, five months; over one thousand dollars, six months.

EXEMPTIONS. To every person all wearing apparel, private libraries not exceeding five hundred dollars in value, family pictures and keepsakes, firearms, and a boat. To a householder being the head of a family, a homestead of the value of two thousand dollars, while occupied by such family; one bed and bedding, and one additional bed and bedding for every additional member of the family, and other household goods of the value of five hundred dollars; two cows with their calves, five swine, two stands of bees, thirty-six domestic fowls, and provisions and fuel for six months. To a farmer, one span of horses and harness, or two yokes of oxen, one wagon with farming utensils not exceeding five hundred dollars in value, one hundred and fifty bushels of wheat and oats or barley, fifty bushels of potatoes and ten bushels each of corn, peas, and onions. To a mechanic, the tools of his trade, and material to the value of five hundred dollars. To a physician, his library not exceeding five hundred dollars in value, horse and carriage, and instruments, and medicines to value of two hundred dollars. To attorneys and clergymen, and other professional men, their libraries not exceeding one thousand dollars in value and office furniture, stationery, and fuel, worth two hundred dollars. To persons engaged in lightering, one or more lighters or