convert his property into money with intent to place it out of reach. 11. Has property concealed. 12. That the debt is for property obtained under false

pretences.

Property may be attached before debt becomes due when nothing but time is wanting to fix an absolute indebtedness, if petition, in addition to that fact, states that defendant has disposed of his property with intent to defraud creditors, or is about to do so, or that he is about to remove from the State and refuses to make any arrangements for securing the payment of the debt, which contemplated removal was not known to plaintiff at the time when the debt was contracted or that the debt was incurred for property obtained under false pretenses.

Plaintiff must file a bond with sureties before the issuing of the writ.

GARNISHMENT. On a writ of attachment the sheriff shall summon such persons as garnishees as plaintiff may direct, giving them written notice not to pay any debt due the defendant or thereafter to become due, and to retain any property belonging to defendant to be dealt with according to law.

JUDGMENT is a lien on real estate for ten years, in the county where it was rendered, from the date of such rendition, and in other counties from the date of filing an attested copy therein; bears interest at six per cent. unless a different rate was expressed in the contract, in which case it shall bear such rate of interest, not exceeding eight per cent.

STAY LAW. On all judgments for the recovery of money, except those rendered on appeal or writ of error, or for money received in a fiduciary capacity, or for breach of official duty or against the surety in a stay of execution or judgment obtained by a laboring man or a mechanic for his wages execution may be stayed by giving bonds with good security, as follows: on sums not exceeding one hundred dollars, three months; on sums exceeding one hundred dollars, six months. All judgments on which execution is stayed bear interest at the same rate as the judgment.

EXEMPTIONS. To a debtor, resident of the State and head of a family, the wearing apparel for himself and his family and trunks to contain the same, one musket or rifle and shot gun, private libraries and family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, paintings, not kept for sale, seat or pew in church, and lot in burying-ground, not exceeding one acre, two cows and two calves, one horse, fifty sheep and the wool there from and materials manufactured from such wool, six stand of bees, five hogs and all the pigs under six months, poultry to the value of fifty dollars, the necessary food for all animals exempted, for six months, one bedstead and bedding for every two persons, cloth manufactured by the debtor not exceeding one hundred yards, household and kitchen furniture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value, spinning-wheel and looms, one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic labor kept for actual use, necessary provisions and fuel for six months, tools, instruments or books of the debtor, if a farmer, mechanic, surveyor, or professional man; horse or team consisting of not more than two horses or mules or two yoke of oxen, and wagon or other vehicle with the harness and rigging, by the use of which the debtor earns his living, and if the debtor is a printer, printing press, types, furniture, and materials necessary for his business not exceeding twelve hundred dollars in value. The earnings of the debtor if a resident and head of a family within ninety days of the levy are also exempt. If debtor is seamstress, one sewing machine. If the debtor has started to leave the State he will have exempted only the wearing apparel of himself and family and other property not exceeding seventy-five dollars in value. No exemption of goods from judgment for purchase price thereof. Policies of life, endowment, or accident insurance are exempt.

The homestead of the debtor is also exempt (except for debts prior to its purchase, unless purchased with pension money) embracing the house used

by him as a home, and if in a town plat, not exceeding one-half an acre in extent, or not exceeding forty acres if not in any town plat without limitation as to value. To an unmarried person not the head of a family or to a non-resident there is exempt ordinary wearing apparel and trunk necessary to contain the same. U. S. pension money is exempt in all cases.

KANSAS.- ACTIONS are brought in the name of the real party interested, and begun by filing with the clerk a petition, and causing a summons to issue thereon upon the filing of a bond for costs.

ARREST. Debtor may be arrested before judgment on plaintiff's giving security and filing with the clerk an affidavit, stating the nature and the amount of the claim, and that it is just, and one of the following reasons: 1. That defendant has or is about to remove his property out of the jurisdiction of the court with intent to defraud creditors. 2. That he has begun to convert his property into money for the purpose of placing it beyond the reach of his creditors. 3. That he has property fraudulently concealed. 4. That he has assigned or disposed of his property, or begun to do so, with intent to defraud his creditors. 5. That he fraudulently contracted the debt. The affidavit must also state the facts claimed to justify the belief in the above causes for arrest. Arrest may be made on similar proceedings after judgment.

ATTACHMENT. Writ of attachment may issue for one of the following causes: 1. That the defendant is a foreign corporation or non-resident (but in this case only on a demand arising upon a contract, judgment, or decree, unless the cause of action arose wholly within the limits of the State). 2. That he has absconded with intent to defraud creditors. 3. That he has left the county with intent to avoid service. 4. So conceals himself that summons cannot be served on him. 5. Is about to remove his property from the jurisdiction of the court with intent to defraud. 6. Is about to convert his property into money in order to place it beyond the reach of creditors. 7. Has property concealed. 8. Has assigned or disposed of, or is about to dispose of, property to defraud or delay his creditors. 9. That he fraudulently contracted the debt. Where the damages sought to be recovered are for injuries resulting from the commission of a felony or misdemeanor or the seduction of a female. II. Where the debtor failed to pay the price of any article delivered, when by the contract he was bound to pay for on delivery. An affidavit must be filed stating the nature and amount of the claim, and that it is a just one, and also one of the above causes, and security must be given unless the defendant is a foreign corporation or a non-resident. Where either the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth of the above grounds exists the action may be brought and attachment made before the maturity of the debt by special order of court. Attachment may be dissolved by the defendant by giving bonds. The plaintiff must give security unless the defendants are non-residents.

IO.

GARNISHMENT issues on filing with the clerk an affidavit setting forth the amount of claim that affiant believes that the person or persons named have property of the defendant, or are indebted to him, that the same is not exempt and that defendant has not property liable to execution sufficient to satisfy debt and filing bond to defendant.

JUDGMENT is a lien on real estate in the county where it was rendered from the first day of term in which it was so rendered, and in other counties from the filing therein an attested copy of the judgment, and such lien continues for five years. Judgment by confession, or those rendered at the term the action is commenced are liens only from the date of entry. Unless execution is taken out within one year the lien ceases as against any other judgment creditor.

Judgments bear interest at the rate of six per cent., or when rendered or contract the rate mentioned there is not exceeding ten per cent.

STAY LAW. There is no stay of execution in the District Courts except

on appeal. In justices' courts stay is granted on filing a bond with good se curity, as follows: on amounts not exceeding twenty dollars, thirty days; between twenty and fifty dollars, sixty days; between fifty and one hundred dollars, ninety days; over one hundred dollars, one hundred and twenty days. EXEMPTIONS. A homestead of one hundred and sixty acres of farming land with the improvements, or one acre in an incorporated city or town, occupied as the residence of the debtor and his family. Personal property of a debtor who is the head of a family, consisting of, 1, family Bible, schoolbooks, and family library; 2, family pictures, and musical instruments used; 3, seat or pew in church and lot in burying-ground; 4, wearing apparel, beds, bedding, and bedsteads used in the family, stoves and cooking utensils necessary for the use of the debtor and his family, one sewing-machine, all spinning-wheels and looms, and all other implements of industry and other household furniture not exceeding in value five hundred dollars; 5, two cows, ten hogs, one yoke of oxen, one horse or mule, or in lieu of one yoke of oxen, and one horse or mule, a span of horses or mules, twenty sheep and the woo! of the same; 6, the necessary food for the support of the stock mentioned for one year, one wagon, cart, or dray, two plows, one drag, and other farm utensils, including harness for teams, not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 7, grain, meat and other provisions necessary for one year, and fuel for one year; 8, necessary tools of mechanic, miner, or other person used for trade or business, and in addition thereto stock in trade not exceeding four hundred dollars in value; 9, library, implements, and office furniture of a professional man. If the debtor is a resident, but not the head of a family, his wearing apparel, seat or pew in church, burial lot and as above in 8 and 9. The earnings of the debtor for three months when necessary for maintenance of family.

KENTUCKY.-ACTIONS. There is only one form for civil actions which are begun by filing with the clerk of the court a petition, and causing a summons to issue thereon. Non-resident plaintiffs must execute a bond for costs before the commencement of action.

ARREST. The defendant may be arrested and held to bail at any time before judgment, on plaintiff's filing an affidavit showing, 1, the nature of the claim; 2, that it is just; 3, the amount; and 4, that the affiant believes either that the defendant is about to leave the State, and with intent to defraud his creditors, has concealed or removed from the State his property, so that there will not be enough left to satisfy the plaintiff's claim, or that the defendant has money or securities or evidences of debt and is about to leave the State, without leaving enough to satisfy the plaintiff's claim. Plaintiff must also give bond with sureties.

ATTACHMENT. Writ of attachment issues against the property of a defendant or garnishee, in an action for the recovery of money, in the following cases: I. Where the defendant, or one of them, is a foreign corporation, or non-resident of the State (but in this case only for a debt or demand arising on contract or a judgment or award). 2. Or has been absent from the State four months. 3. Has departed from the State with intent to defraud his creditors. 4. Has left his county to avoid service. 5. Conceals himself so that summons cannot be served on him. 6. Has removed or is about to remove his property from the State, not leaving enough to satisfy the plaintiff's claim or claims of creditors. 7. Has sold or disposed of, or suffered to be disposed of, his property with intent to defraud or delay his creditors, or 8, is about to sell or dispose of his property, with such intent. Attachment may issue, also, in action for recovery of money due on contract,

judgment, or award if defendant have not property in the State to satisfy plaintiff's demand and collection will be endangered by delay. Also in action to recover personal property ordered to be delivered to plaintiff which has been disposed of or concealed so that order for delivery cannot be executed.

Plaintiff must give security and file an affidavit showing the nature of the claim, that it is just, the amount of the same, and one of the foregoing causes.

GARNISHMENT. On return of the execution with return of "no property found," the plaintiff may bring a suit against the defendant for discovery, and bring in any parties indebted to the defendant, or who have property of the defendant, as parties to the suit.

JUDGMENT is not a lien on defendant's property.

STAY LAW. At any time before sale on execution, defendant may replevy the judgment for three months by giving bond with surety.

EXEMPTIONS of a householder with a family resident in the State, on all debts contracted after June 1, 1886, two work beasts, or one and yoke of oxen, two plows and gear, one wagon, cart, or dray, and set of gear, two axes, three hoes, one spade, one shovel; two cows and calves; beds, bedding, and furniniture sufficient for family use; one loom and spinning-wheel, and pair of cards; all the spun yarn and cloth manufactured by the family necessary for family use; carpeting for all family rooms in use; one cooking stove and all cooking utensils; all table ware and cutlery used by the family; one table; all books not to exceed fifty dollars in value; two saddles and their appendages; two bridles; six chairs, or so many as shall not exceed ten dollars in value; one cradle; all poultry on hand; ten head of sheep, not to exceed twenty-five dollars in value; all wearing apparel; sufficient provisions for the family for one year, or if not on hand, other personal property, wages, money, or growing crop, not to exceed forty dollars in value for each member of the family; provender for live stock to the value of seventy dollars; if not on hand, other personal property not to exceed seventy dollars in value; all washing apparatus not to exceed fifty dollars in value; arms, ammunition, and equipments of a militia-man; one sewing-machine; and all family portraits and pictures. Also dwelling-house and land, not exceeding one thousand dollars in value.

Ninety per cent. of wages or salaries of persons earning seventy-five dollars per month is exempt; also sixty-five dollars and a half per month of those of persons earning more.

In addition to the above, there are exempt, under prior laws still in force, tools, not exceeding one hundred dollars in value, of any mechanic who is a bona fide housekeeper with a family; libraries of ministers, professional libraries and instruments of physicians, surgeons, and attorneys, not exceeding five hundred dollars in value.

LOUISIANA.-ACTIONS are begun by petition, stating all the facts necessary to the cause and identification of the parties on which a citation issues, addressed to the defendant.

ARREST. The defendant cannot be arrested to secure payment of a debt, but only to secure his person to answer to the suit. A non-resident cannot be arrested unless it appear on oath that he has absconded from his residence in his own State.

Plaintiff must file affidavit of amount due, that he believes defendant is about to remove from the State without leaving sufficient property to satisfy

his demand and that he asks this remedy, not to vex defendant but only to secure his demand. He must also give security to defendant.

ATTACHMENT. Writ of attachment issues when the defendant resides out of the State, or has left or is about to leave the State permanently; or when he conceals himself to avoid service of summons; or when he has assigned or disposed of, or is about to assign or dispose of, his property, with intent to defraud his creditors or give an unfair preference; or when he has converted, or is about to convert his property into money, with intent to conceal the same; or when he is about to remove his property from the State before the debt becomes due. The plaintiff must file a sworn petition, setting forth the facts which render the writ necessary, and the nature and amount of the claim, and give bond with sureties. Writs of sequestration and provisional seizure issue in certain cases.

GARNISHMENT. In cases of attachment, or in proceedings after judgment, where the creditor believes that any other parties have property of the defendant, or are indebted to him, he may cite them in as parties.

JUDGMENT acts as a mortgage on all real estate of the debtor, from the date of the record in the office of the Parish Recorder. It is prescribed, and ceases to be a lien in ten years.

STAY LAW. There is no stay of execution in Louisiana except on appeal. EXEMPTIONS. A homestead consisting of land with the buildings occupied by the debtor as a residence and owned by him, when he has a family dependent on him, together with a certain amount of stock; but the homestead in no case to be worth more than two thousand dollars, and no homestead is allowed if the wife, in her own right, owns property to the amount of two thousand dollars. A written declaration of homestead must be executed by the person claiming the benefit of the same, and recorded in the book of mortgages for the parish where the homestead is situated. Also are exempt the clothes and linen of debtor or his wife, his beds, bedding, and bedsteads, or those of his family, his arms and military accoutrements, the tools, instruments, books, and sewing-machines necessary for the trade or calling by which the debtor makes a living, cooking-stoves and utensils, dining-table and chairs, dishes, knives and forks, etc., wash-tubs, smoothing-irons and ironing-furnaces, family portraits, belonging to the debtor, and musical instruments in use; income of dotal property, money due for the salary of an office, and laborer's wages.

MAINE.-ACTIONS are begun by original writ, framed to attach the goods and estate of the debtor, and for want thereof his body, or by summons with or without an order of attachment, in the county where either party lives, unless it be a real action, when it must be brought where the land lies.

ARREST. Defendant may be arrested on mesne process in an action of tort, and in an action of contract, when the debt is over ten dollars, exclusive of interest, and the debtor is about to depart permanently from the State, with his property exceeding the amount required for immediate support on affidavit by the creditor or his agent to the above effect. He may also be arrested on execution in actions for torts but not in actions founded on contract unless in special proceedings for disclosure he fails to appear for examination, or to obtain the benefit of disclosure proceedings by reason of fraud. ATTACHMENT. All property not exempt may be attached without affidavit,