United States INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND INTERNATIONAL ISSUES HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS FIRST SESSION 59-375 CC MAY 15 AND 16, 1991 Serial No. 74 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1992 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-039819-3 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY JACK BROOKS, Texas, Chairman DON EDWARDS, California BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts HOWARD L. BERMAN, California HARLEY O. STAGGERS, JR., West Virginia JOHN BRYANT, Texas MEL LEVINE, California GEORGE E. SANGMEISTER, Illinois KF27 HAMILTON FISH, JR., New York F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR, BILL MCCOLLUM, Florida D. FRENCH SLAUGHTER, JR., Virginia Hughes, Hon. William J., a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey, and chairman, Subcommittee on Intellectual Property and Barton, John H., George E. Osborne Professor of Law, Stanford University Berman, Jason S., president, Recording Industry Association of America, Inc., on behalf of RIAA and the International Intellectual Property Alliance Besen, Stanley M., senior economist, Rand Corp., and visiting professor, law and economics, Georgetown University Law Center Dorgan, Hon. Byron L., a Representative in Congress from the State of Hills, Carla A., Ambassador, U.S. Trade Representative, Office of U.S. Trade Hoffman, Gary M., Esq., partner, Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin, and project coordinator, Annenberg Washington Program Johnson, Richard, Esq., Arnold & Porter, and former Associate General Coun- Oman, Ralph, Register of Copyrights and Associate Librarian for Copyright Smith, Eric H., general counsel, International Intellectual Property Valenti, Jack, president and chief executive officer, Motion Picture Association of America, Inc., on behalf of the International Intellectual LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARINGS Berman, Jason S., president, Recording Industry Association of America, Inc., Besen, Stanley M., senior economist, Rand Corp., and visiting professor, law Dorgan, Hon. Byron L., a Representative in Congress from the State of |