first five of the general service stations we have had in mind for a year or two.

Mr. ROONEY. How many general service stations did you present to the Bureau of the Budget other than those which were approved? Dr. REICHELDERFER. The estimate did not get to the Bureau of the Budget this year.

Mr. ROONEY. You did not think enough of the necessity for the Scottsbluff station to present it to the Bureau of the Budget, although you asked the Bureau of the Budget for $26,000,000?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Well, hardly that. Last year we got no increase for aviation at all, and, when we applied the departmental limitation, it seemed to us the wisest thing this year was to emphasize avaiation, and the general service stations fell out. Scottsbluff was in the record for last year; in the hearings before the subcommittee here last year, Scottsbluff was on the list of stations to be furnished. Mr. STEFAN. Was that a CAA station or a weather station? Dr. REICHELDERFER. That was a Weather Bureau station. Mr. STEFAN. They already have a CAA station there.

COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES BETWEEN CAA AND THE WEATHER BUREAU

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Yes. With reference to coordination between the CAA and the Weather Bureau, we are in constant touch with a view to coordinating the activities. There are many cases, for example, where the aviation requirements for communications, plane movements, and so forth, increase, and we discontinue a Weather Bureau station and the CAA puts in its communication people to do the job. And, vice versa, there are cases where the Weather Bureau requirements build up and communication interests decrease. In cases of that kind, the CAA has from time to time given up its stations so we could put in Weather Bureau stations.

As to Scottsbluff, we can furnish the complete details; but, if we found it was unnecessary to have a staff for both the CAA station and a Weather Bureau station, I have no doubt that one or the other would remain, and the personnel would be reduced by the amount necessary to meet the requirements.

Mr. ROONEY. Was there any difference between the effect of this winter's storms at Cheyenne and at Scottsbluff?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. The storm was more severe at Scottsbluff. Do you mean in the severity of the weather conditions or their effect on the surrounding industry and agriculture?

Mr. ROONEY. Were weather conditions generally the same or different?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. No; the blizzard conditions in some of the snowstorms of last winter were not general; they were rather localized, and in some of the storms Scottsbluff and that general area got much more sere conditions than Cheyenne did.

$23, 750, 000 160,000 23,910,000

Add: comparative transfer from "Printing and binding, Department of Commerce".

202,000

Total estimate of appropriation, 1950...

24, 112, 000

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF POSITIONS AND OBLIGATIONS, 1948-50

Mr. ROONEY. At this point we will insert page 418 of the justifications.

Summary of estimated obligations—salaries and expenses, budget year 1950

Public Law 900. 4, 815 4, 485. 5 $15, 395, 581 4, 845 4, 583. 51 $16,034, 6004, 766 4, 567.6 $16,324, 174 Cost of Public

1 The total annual salary rates of the 4,845 full-time positions for 1949 and 4,766 for 1950 are $15,646,929 and $15,838,634, respectively.

NOTE. Positions represent total number of positions; man-years, average number of positions.

INCREASE IN APPROPRIATIONS, 1940 TO 1950

You asked the Bureau of the Budget, did you not, for $26,000,000? Dr. REICHELDERFER. That is correct.

Mr. ROONEY. The record should show that as recently as 1940 your total appropriation for the Weather Bureau was $6,172,870.

Dr. REICHELDERFER. We have had comparatively large increases, but our appropriation this year includes things that we never dreamed of in 1940. We have quite large expenditures for stations in the Arctic, for stations on ocean vessels at sea, and for aviation commitments that have grown much more rapidly than anticipated in 1940. If the 1950 estimates are reduced to terms of the 1940 dollar, our increases have not been so large especially when one takes into account the expansion of new services that have placed demands upon the Weather Bureau for forecasts and reports.

REIMBURSEMENTS FROM OTHER AGENCIES

Mr. ROONEY. What reimbursements of funds do you receive from other sources?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. We receive about half a million dollars from the Corps of Engineers.

Mr. ROONEY. How many different agencies transfer funds to you? Dr. REICHELDERFER. Five; the Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of the Interior, Army, Air Force, and Navy.

Mr. ROONEY. Unless there is objection, we shall insert this chart which has just been handed me.

(The chart above referred to is as follows:)

Working funds, fiscal year 1949

Department of the Interior, Bureau Hydrometeorological studies.. of Reclamation.

Total 1949 advances

Prior-year balance available.

Total available for obligation...

25,000

25,000 1,059

26, 059

RESEARCH

Mr. ROONEY. What research projects are contemplated in fiscal year 1950 under this budget?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. We have two or three basic research programs which consist of a number of subprojects. The most of our research is directed toward the extension in time range of forecasts and improvement in accuracy. There is another branch that is directed primarily toward the solution of aviation weather problems. We have conducted that under the thunderstorm-research project, and in a future year it will have a slightly different emphasis as the cloud-physics project.

Mr. ROONEY. What is the estimated cost of research in these projects?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Six hundred and eighty-three thousand eight hundred and ten dollars.

WEATHER SERVICE FOR AGRICULTURE, BUSINESS, COMMERCE, AND GENERAL PUBLIC

Mr. ROONEY. What is the explanation of the requested increase of $135,460 in weather service for agriculture, business, commerce, and the general public?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. That is all an increase in the salary allotment to take care of the new pay scale and reallocations required by civil service. There is no increase in operating programs or increase in staff.

Mr. ROONEY. Is the total shown at page 416 of $202,000 confined to Ramspeck Act promotions and pay money?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. That is right.

Mr. ROONEY. Where can we save some money in this set-up? Dr. REICHELDERFER. We cannot save it without reducing field stations.

TRAVEL

Mr. ROONEY. Although there is to be a reduction in positions, there is an increase in travel from $409,460 to $434,895. How do you account for this increase?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. The travel allotment includes travel to our Arctic and ocean station assignments, and the travel cost is larger there.

Mr. ROONEY. Is there more such travel contemplated than there is in the current fiscal year?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Yes; there is, because we do not have the ocean station weather program fully implemented this year. That is to be increased to nine station vessels by July 1 this year. Mr. ROONEY. How does travel fit in with station vessels?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. It includes subsistence charges, and those charges are rather heavy in that program.

SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS

Mr. ROONEY. What about the increase in supplies and materials? Dr. REICHELDERFER. That is the increased cost of equipment, including somewhat higher charges for materials. That also is due in

part to the Atlantic weather patrol, because more instruments will be required.

EMPLOYEES AND STATIONS IN THE ARCTIC REGION

Mr. ROONEY. How many people will you have in the Arctic under this item?

Mr. GRUBB. Thirty-four in the Arctic.

Dr. REICHELDERFER. That is the whole Arctic. Actually employed in the Arctic, there are about 20.

Mr. ROONEY. Well, which is it-20 or 34?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Your question was how many do we have in the Arctic.

Mr. ROONEY. Yes.

Dr. REICHELDERFER. About 20.

Mr. ROONEY. What is the figure 34?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. That includes the people who supply them here.

Mr. ROONEY. In other words, you need 14 people here to supply 20 people in the Arctic?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Well, that includes overhead, also.

Mr. ROONEY. What do you mean by "also"?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. In order to get people into the Arctic for next winter, we have to take them up in July, but we cannot bring the people now there back here until September when the boat returns; so that we have double crews during that period. This indicates one of the overhead costs. These stations are one-half staffed by Canada. It is a joint project, so that we do not bear the entire cost.

Mr. ROONEY. May I see the map you referred to?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Yes [exhibiting]. Here are the stations now, one in Greenland, at Thule, one in Eureka Sound, one on Cornwallis Island, one in Mould Bay, and one on Isaachsen Island. The rest are Canadian stations outright, not Weather Bureau stations. Mr. ROONEY. So that we have five up there?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. Yes, sir.

Mr. ROONEY. Where did you get the information as to the Russian stations?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. We receive reports at the present time from a total, I think, of 35 or 40 Soviet stations in the northern part of Eurasia.

(Discussion off the record:)

TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Mr. ROONEY. What is your total personnel as of today?

Dr. REICHELDERFER. The total commissioned personnel, that is, regular civil-service personnel, is 4,413. That was as of February 28. We have a much larger number of part-time people, and, if we include the whole Weather Bureau establishment, we would have to add the cooperating observers who are not paid. There are some 6,000 or 7,000 of those, but those do not receive any pay at all. Some of the special observers receive a small amount per observation, in some cases 50 cents per observation and in other cases a little more, depending on the inconvenience they are put to. For instance, if it is a river