tion to used paper made primarily from chemically prepared pulp. Conservation will result in reworking more paper wastes. The differential in value of the regenerated pulp which goes back to bookstock or into boxboard must bear the cost of "de-inking." To conserve the strength and length of fiber and secure the greatest yield, the paper requires mechanical treatment whereby the fibers are loosened and drawn apart with minimum tearing; the chemical treatment should lift the ink, the substances used dissolving or emulsifying the binder and carrying the pigment particles away in the necessary washing. A combination of borax, soap, kerosene and pine oil, does this best; the last mentioned being a natural solvent of rosin, used as size for many kinds of paper, and a solvent and emulsifying body for gums and resins, which are present in ground wood, used in cheaper grades of magazine papers. The process has been patented. Recovering newsprint: CHARLES BASKERVILLE and RESTON STEVENSON. With the prices obtaining, the recovery of old newspapers in such condition as to be used again for newsprint, offers an opportunity for relative conservation, if not distinct economy in fact. Methods previously devised for recovering printed papers made little or no distinction between newsprint stock and book stock. The former normally contains a large proportion of ground wood, which yellows on treatment with caustic soda, the usual basis of chemicals applied in de-inking printed paper stock. The authors, recognizing the difference in character of the fibers in the several kinds of stocks, have studied the fundamental principles involved and devised a novel method for completely deinking newsprint stock containing a large percentage of ground wood with the minimum production of yellowing. The process developed depends upon the addition of American fuller's earth to the alkaline solution in which the printed or soiled newspapers are pulped. The binder is loosened and the ink lifted from the fibers, the oils being absorbed by and the ink particles adhering to the argillaceous earth, which is washed away from the fibers through a fine gauze screen. Temperature factors and concentrations are given. A finished pulp, free from pigment and binder, clean as when first made, has been obtained readymade for the paper mill. If desired the stock may be bleached by treatment with dilute sulphurous acid, but this is unnecessary for ordinary newsprint stock. On the cellulose content of various compound celluloses: LOUIS KAHLENBERG. Using the ferric chloride hydrolysis method described at the Urbana meeting of the American Chemical Society, various compound celluloses were decomposed and their cellulose content estimated. The following materials were thus investigated: (1) Woods— bass wood, birch, black walnut, cherry, hemlock, maple, redwood, red oak, white ash, Washington fir, white pine, yellow pine; (2) Straws-wheat, oats, rye, barley, millet, soy beans, corn stalks, corn husks, timothy hay; (3) Nutshells-black walnut, English walnut, hickory, filbert, Brazil, pecan, almond, peanut, horse chestnut; (4) Barks -hemlock, pine. So far as comparable results have previously been presented in the literature by others, the values obtained are found to be, in general, of the same order of magnitude as those in this research. The constitution of cellulose: HAROLD HIBBERT. The acid hydrolysis of sugar cane fiber and cotton seed hulls: E. C. SHERRARD and G. W. BLANCO. Sugar cane fiber and cotton seed hulls were hydrolyzed by digesting with dilute sulphuric acid under 115 to 120 pounds steam pressure. About 27 per cent. of total sugar was obtained from the bagasse and about 14 per cent. from the cotton seed hulls. Of the total sugar obtained from these materials very little was fermentable, the greater proportion being xylose. The yield of sugar from bagasse using Hudson and Harding's method was 21.22 per cent. of the original dry fiber. Of this 57 per cent. was obtained as crystalline xylose and shown to be identical with that from cotton seed hulls. Attention is called to the fact that pentose sugar influence the equilibrium established in the hydrolysis of cellulose of hexose sugars. When present in sufficient quantities they prevent the formation of fermentable sugars. It is pointed out that bagasse is a promising source of xylose or furfural. CHARLES L. PARSONS, Secretary The aim of this new book is to present clearly yet concisely the salient features of Octavo of 352 pages, with 135 illustrations. By MARK F. BOYD, M.D., M.S., C.P.H., Professor of Bacteriol- Boothby and Sandiford's Metabolic Rates This new work, the result of personal laboratory research, has chapters on basal By WALTER M. BOOTHBY, M.D., and IRENE SANDIFORD, PH.D., Section on Clinical Metabolism, Mayo SIGN AND MAIL THIS ORDER FORM TODAY W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, West Washington Sq., Phila. JOHN D. SHERMAN, JR., 132 PRIMROSE AVENUE, MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. Offers to Librarians of INSTITUTIONS, SCIENTIFIC AND LEARNED SOCIETIES AND TO SCIENTISTS (American, English, French, Belgian) an opportunity to dispose of their duplicate books, periodicals, and pamphlets -in whatever language printed. Mr. Sherman solicits offerings of all works, bound and unbound, however short or extensive, which relate in any way to Entomology (Insects), including also SERIALS of the SCIENTIFIC, NATURAL HISTORY, ZOOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL and ENTOMOLOGICAL Societies of all countries-sets, runs, odd volumes and odd numbers-especially those containing items about Entomology (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mallophaga, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Rhynchota). Scientific works of travel, and those dealing with Evolution, Mimicry, Geographical Distribution, etc., are also desired, besides a few of the more valuable works on Birds and Reptiles. Boisduval and Leconte. Iconographie des Lepidopteres et Chenilles de l'Amer., etc. 1833. 78 1. plates. Several of the most important natural history institutions of America, now submit their duplicates on these subjects to Mr. Sherman for appraisal. JOHN D. SHERMAN, JR. 132 Primrose Avenue Mount Vernon, New York TYP YPE K POTENTIOMETER OUTFIT as used in pH measurements, with two Clark type of hydrogen electrodes and accessory glassware mounted on motor-driven shaking device. See Chapters XI and XII of Clark's "The Determination of Hydrogen Ions". The uniformly successful and satisfactory operation of the Type K "Electrometric Methods and Apparatus for Determining Hydrogen If your work leads you into problems of acidity or alkalinity determi- LEEDS & NORTHRUP COMPANY Electrical Measuring Instruments 4901 Stenton Avenue PHILADELPHIA, PA. JUST PUBLISHED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY By EDWARD J. KEMPF, M.D., Clinical Psychiatrist to St. Elizabeths Hospital (Formerly Government Hospital for the Insane), Washington, D. C.; Author of "The Autonomic Functions and the Personality." 762 pages + xxiii, 634 x 934, with 97 illustrations. Printed on beautiful India tint paper, and bound in silk cloth, with gold stamping. This work on psychopathology is the first of its kind in the English language and differs decidedly from most current works on psychiatry and abnormal psychology. It does not proceed from the sterile assumption that the brain is the organ of the mind and the conclusion that, because in some cases undeveloped or diseased nervous tissue causes abnormal behavior, therefore in all neuroses or cases of abnormal behavior a diseased or inherently deficient nervous system or some obscure constitutional inferiority exists. In the first chapter Kempf shows how the entire body is the organ of the mind; showing how its visceral segments produce normal and abnormal emotional cravings and mental states. The second, third, and fourth chapters demonstrate how environmental influences distort the emotions, and the fifth chapter shows how all abnormal people are classifiable according to their dominant cravings and the manner in which they try to control them. Chapters six to thirteen discuss, with numerous case illustrations, how people develop into different abnormal types, how these types may be changed what causes them to change and how many again readjust to normal, and why others of the same type can never become normal again. Chapter fourteen recapitulates the entire work for the student, writer, and lecturer. Price, $9.50 Chapter fifteen discusses psychotherapeutic principles and what society must do for the individual to enable him to achieve a full normal growth and healthy personality. An ample series of illustrations is used to explain the significance of common symbols to be found in dreams, delusions, hallucinations, fancies, art and ritual and why they are valuable for the emotions. The book is fully and carefully indexed in order to bring together the more important similar features to be found throughout the cases. For those who have not the time of opportunity to make exhaustive, intimate, analytical studies of normal or abnormal people, but who need such case studies for their work as advisors, teachers, lecturers, or writers, Kempf's Psychopathology will fill an important need. It is presented to psychopathologists, physicians, sociologists, psychologists, teachers, judges, lawyers, custodians and directors of educational, military and custodial institutions to assist them to a clearer understanding of the abnormal or potentially abnormal individual. The cases are presented fully and without prudish reservation. They will be of assistance to educators and advisors on sex education in their work of keeping normal people normal. |