VIII. DURATION OF COPYRIGHT AND RENEWAL OR EXTENSION OF TERM [§§ 235–244] p 1087

A. Under United States Statutes [§§ 235-239] p 1087

1. In General [§ 235] p 1087

2. First or Original Term [§ 236] p 1087

3. Renewal or Extension of Term [§§ 237-239] p 1088

a. Length of Extension [§ 237] p 1088

b. Proceedings to Obtain Renewal or Extension; Time of [§ 238] p 1088

c. Persons Entitled to Renewal [§ 239] p 1088

B. Under English Statutes [§§ 240-241] p 1092

1. Under Copyright Act of 1911 [§ 240] p 1092
2. Under Prior Statutes [$ 241] p 1092
C. Under Canadian Statutes [§ 242] p 1092

D. Effect of Expiration of Copyright [$ 243] p 1093

E. Abandonment or Loss of Copyright [§ 244] p 1093

IX. TRANSFERS, LICENSES, AND CONTRACTS [§§ 245-262] p 1094

A. In General [§ 245] p 1094

1. Definition of Infringement or Piracy [§ 263] p 1106

2. Rights Conferred by Copyright [$ 264] p 1106

3. Rights Not Conferred by Copyright [$ 265-271] p 1107

a. In General [§ 265] p 1107

b. Art or System Expounded [$ 266] p 1107

c. Facts, Theories, Speculations, Ideas, and Opinions [267] p 1108

d. Subject of Work [ 268] p 1110

e. Form and Size [§ 269] p 1110

f. Plan and Symbols Used in Imparting Information [$ 270] p 1110

g. Mode of Advertising [§ 271] p 1110

4. Component Parts of Copyrighted Work [§§ 272–275] p 1110

a. In General [§ 272] p 1110

b. Pictorial Illustrations, Maps, Charts, Cuts, Prints, Engravings, Etc. [$ 273] p 1111
c. Composite Works and Periodicals [ 274] p 1112

d. Title of Work (§ 275] p 1112

5. Copying [$ 276–288] p 1112

a. What Constitutes Copying [§ 276] p 1112

b. Necessity of Copying [§§ 277-278] p 1113

(1) Rule Stated [§ 277] p 1113

(2) Similarity or Identity without Copying [§ 278] p 1113

c. Sufficiency of Copying [§§ 279–288] p 1115

(1) Reproduction and Paraphrasing [ 279] p 1115

(2) Quantity and Quality of Matter Copied [ 280] p 1116

(3) Proportion of Defendant's Work Copied from Plaintiff's Work [§ 281] p 1117

(4) Competition between Respective Works [ 282] p 1117

(5) Improvements and Additions [§ 283] p 1119

(6) Acknowledgment of Source [§ 284] p 1119

(7) Indirect Copying [$ 285] p 1119

(8) Reproduction from Memory [286] p 1120

(9) Reproduction by Author Who Has Parted with Copyright [§ 287] p 1120
(10) Fair and Unfair Use [§ 288] p 1120

6. Intent or Purpose; Animus Furandi [§ 289] p 1121

7. Publication, Sale, and Distribution of Copies [§§ 290-291] p 1122

a. In General [§ 290] p 1122

b. Restrictions in Licenses, Contracts, and Notices [§ 291] p 1123

8. Importation as Infringement [§ 292] p 1124

9. Repair, Binding, or Restoration of Copies [§ 293] p 1124

10. Compulsory Licenses [§§ 294-295] p 1125

a. United States Statutes [§ 294] p 1125
b. English Statutes [§ 295] p 1125

11. Extraterritorial Acts [§ 296] p 1125

B. Particular Subject Matter [$ 297-330] p 1126

1. Books or Literary Works [§§ 297-310] p 1126

a. In General [§ 297] p 1126

b. Copying [298] p 1126

c. Fair or Noninfringing Use [§ 299] p 1126

d. Extracts and Quotations [§ 300] p 1127

e. Translation [§ 301] p 1128

f. Dramatization; Performance; Readings [$ 302] p 1129

g. Illustrations or Cuts [§ 303] p 1131

For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number.

d. Scenery and Costumes [§ 316] p 1144

e. Mechanical Devices; Moving Pictures [ 317] p 1144

f. Necessity and Sufficiency of Taking or Copying to Constitute Infringement (§ 318] p 1145 5. Musical Works [§§ 319-323] p 1147

a. Printing, Publishing, Copying, and Selling [§ 319] p 1147

b. Sufficiency of Copying or Taking to Constitute Infringement [§ 320] p 1147

c. Performance and Performing Rights [$ 321] p 1148

d. Mechanical Reproduction of Music [$$ 322-323] p 1150

(1) In General [§ 322] p 1150

(2) Compulsory Licenses [323] p 1152

6. Art Works; Prints; Pictorial Illustrations, Etc. [§§ 324-327] p 1154

a. In General [§ 324] p 1154

b. Sufficiency of Copying or Taking to Constitute Infringement [§ 325] p 1154

c. Mode of Copying Immaterial [§ 326] p 1155]

d. Indirect Copying [§ 327] p 1156

7. Photographs [§ 328] p 1158

8. Motion Pictures [§ 329] p 1159
9. Labels and Prints [§ 330] p 1159

C. Persons Liable [§§ 331-335] p 1159

1. In General [§ 331] p 1159

2. Printer, Publisher, and Seller [§ 332] p 1160

3. Dramatic and Musical Performances [ 333] p 1160

4. Corporate Officers [§ 334] p 1161

5. Contributory Infringement [§ 335] p 1161

XI. REMEDIES AND PROCEDURE FOR INFRINGEMENT [§§ 336–438] p 1161

A. Enumeration of Remedies [§§ 336–338] p 1161

1. United States Statutes [§ 336] p 1161

2. Procedure [§ 366] p 1182

H. Forfeiture and Destruction of Infringing Copies and Devices [§§ 367-370] p 1184

1. Under Act of 1909 [§ 367] p 1184

2. Under Prior Statutes [§§ 368-369] p 1184

1. Under Act of 1909 [§ 377] p 1190

2. Under Prior Statutes [§§ 378-379] p 1190
a. In General [§ 378] p 1190

b. For Forfeitures and Penalties [§ 379] p 1190
M. Conditions Precedent [§ 380] p 1191
N. Jurisdiction [§§ 381-382] p 1192

1. Federal Courts [§ 381] p 1192 2. State Courts [§ 382] p 1193 O. Venue [383] p 1193 P. Process and Writs [§ 384] p 1194 Q. Parties [ 385-387] p 1195

1. Plaintiffs [§§ 385-386] p 1195

a. In General [§ 385] p 1195 b. Joinder [386] p 1196 2. Defendants [§ 387] p 1196 R. Defenses [§ 388-392] p 1196

1. In General [§ 388] p 1196

2. Custom to Copy [§ 389] p 1196

3. Unclean Hands [§ 390] p 1197

4. Former Adjudication [§ 391] p 1197

5. Statute of Limitations [§ 392] p 1198

a. In Equity [§ 409] p 1204

b. At Law [ 410] p 1204

T. Issues, Proof, and Variance [§ 411] p 1205

For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number.

U. Evidence [§§ 412-432] p 1205

1. In General [§ 412] p 1205

2. Of Copyright [§§ 413–422] p 1205

a. Burden of Proof [§ 413] p 1205

b. Admissibility, Weight, and Sufficiency [$$ 414-422] p 1207
(1) In General [§ 414] p 1207

(2) Certificate of Registration or Copy of Record [§ 415] p 1207
(3) Catalogue of Copyright Entries [416] p 1208
(4) Citizenship and Domicile [§ 417] p 1208

(5) Authorship and Originality [§ 418] p 1208
(6) Deposit of Title and Copies [§ 419] p 1208
(7) Notice of Copyright [§ 420] p 1210
(8) Publication [421] p 1210

XIV. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT [§§ 453-456] p 1228

A. Generally [§ 453] p 1228

B. International Relations of United States [§ 454] p 1228

C. Conventions [§§ 455-456] p 1230

1. Of Berne, Paris, and Berlin [§ 455] p 1230

2. Of Montevideo, Mexico, Rio de Janeiro, and Beunos Aires [ 456] p 1233

CROSS REFERENCES

Design patents see Patents [30 Cyc 827].
Monastic orders, rights of members see Religious So-
cities [34 Cyc 1112].

noval of causes to federal court see Removal of

Causes [34 Cyc 1244].

Trade-marks, trade-names, and unfair competition see Trade-Marks, Trade-Names, and Unfair Competition [38 Cyc 674].