REPUBLICAN PARTY RESERVOIR first expressions of the antislavery movement, | institutions, but denounced the threats of sein a national way, were in the Free Soil and Liberty parties, both outside the two great parties, and only polling a small vote. The antislavery vote defeated Clay in 1844, and gave New York to the Whigs in 1848. Even after this the Whigs, accepting the compromise of 1850, still refused to take up opposition to slavery, and the elections of 1852 were disastrous to them. 66 It is generally admitted now that the first formal adoption of the name Republican was made by the Michigan State Convention early in June, 1854, and that it was due to a suggestion in a letter from Horace Greeley. Certain it is that the name spread rapidly, and was adopted by state conventions in Maine, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa. The new party principle prevailed in the N. states, and wherever the Republicans ran a straight ticket they carried everything before them. The first convention of the new party met at Pittsburg on February 22, 1856. A national organization was there formed, and a call issued for another convention to nominate candidates for President and Vice President. This second convention met in Philadelphia on June 17th. The platform declared against the establishment of slavery in the territories, and the third resolution, which has become in political literature a familiar quotation, ran as follows: Resolved, That the Constitution confers upon Congress sovereign power over the territories of the U. S. for their government; and that in the exercise of this power it is both the right and the imperative duty of Congress to prohibit in the territories those twin relics of barbarism, polygamy and slavery." The fourth resolution discussed at length the condition of Kansas, and denounced the Democratic administration for their policy in that territory. The fifth resolution demanded the admission of Kansas; the sixth assailed the doctrines of the Ostend circular. The seventh and eighth resolutions declared in favor of national aid for a railway to the Pacific coast, and also for liberal appropriations for rivers and harbors. The convention named as its candidates John C. Frémont, of California, and William L. Dayton, of New Jersey. The Democratic candidate, James Buchanan, was elected, but the Republicans carried every N. state except Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Indiana, Illinois, and California, and gave their ticket 114 electoral votes. Of the popular vote the Republicans polled 1,341,264. cession which then filled the air. It took the old ground with renewed strength in regard to Kansas and the extension of slavery to the territories, demanded the admission of Kansas as a state, and declared the reopening of the slave trade to be a crime. The resolutions also reiterated the declaration of 1856 as to internal improvements. The twelfth clause was as follows: "That, while providing revenue for the support of the general government by duties upon imports, sound policy requires such an adjustment of these imposts as to encourage the development of the industrial interests of the whole country; and we commend that policy of national exchanges which secures to the workingmen liberal wages, to agriculture remunerating prices, to mechanics and manufacturers an adequate reward for their skill, labor, and enterprise, and to the nation commercial prosperity and independence." The result of the election of 1860 was the election of Lincoln by a large majority in the electoral college and a large plurality of the popular vote. The figures stood as follows: Lincoln, 1,857,610; Douglas, 1,291,574; Breckinridge, 850,082; Bell, 646,124. The electoral vote: Lincoln, 180; Breckinridge, 72; Bell, 39; and Douglas, 12. Since the first election of Lincoln the Republican Party has been victorious in the presidential elections of 1864 (Lincoln), 1868 (Grant), 1872 (Grant), 1876 (Hayes; decided by Electoral Commission), 1880 (Garfield), 1888 (Harrison), 1896 (McKinley), 1900 (McKinley), 1904 (Roosevelt), 1908 (Taft). Broadly speaking, the Republican Party is the exponent of two principles: (1) the application of the protective principle in framing tariffs (see PROTECTION); (2) a "loose construction" of the Constitution leading to the assumption by the National Government of greater power than would be possible under a stricter construction. A considerable minority of the party, however, largely located in the middle W., is opposed to the extreme application of the doctrine of protection, and may bring about some change in the position of the party on this point. Resaca de la Palma (rã-sä'kä dā lä päl'mä), ravine in S. Texas, 4 m. N. of Matamoros, Mexico. After his victory at Palo Alto (May 8, 1846), Gen. Taylor, with 2,200 troops, pursued the Mexicans (4,000 to 5,000, commanded by Arista) to this place; on the 9th he attacked and completely defeated them. Rescis'sion, in law, a vacating or making void; annulment; abrogation; in the law of contracts, the annulling or vacating of a contract so that it can no longer be enforced between the parties unless it is renewed by mutual consent. When the National Republican Convention assembled in Chicago, on May 16, 1860, the contest for the Republican nomination was both sharp and determined. The first choice of a majority of Republicans was William H. Seward, of New York, to whom the E. states were especially devoted. He had, however, many active enemies. These men, led by Horace Greeley, united with the W. candidate, Res'ervoir, in engineering, a lake or basin and thus defeated Seward and secured the for holding water fitted with appliances for nomination of Lincoln. The West having re-regulating the outflow of water at different ceived the presidency, the convention nominated Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, for Vice President. The platform of 1860 recognized the rights of states in regard to their domestic rates from the inflow, thus enabling either a more or less regular supply to be distributed at irregular intervals of time or an irregular supply to be distributed at a uniform rate. RESHID PASHA Of the first class are what are termed storage reservoirs, which are generally constructed on the course of a stream by the erection of a dam. Enormous reservoirs of this kind were constructed in India and in Egypt at periods antedating any historical records, and many of them are still used for their original purpose of making agriculture possible in regions where the seasons of rainfall and of the grow ing crops are separated by a considerable interval of time, while of many others traces alone remain. One of modern construction at RESPIRATION rights and privileges to his Christian subjects; forced to resign, 1841; grand vizier, 1846-52; recalled to office on outbreak of Crimean War, 1853. During that struggle he was hardly more than the tool of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, the British ambassador, and on close of war was superseded. British influence caused his restoration, but his influence entirely waned before his death. Resht, town of Persia; capital of province of Gilan; chief entrepôt for the trade in silk, large quantities of which are sent from here pian Sea is Enzelli, 16 m. distant. Pop. (1900) to Russia and Turkey. Its port on the Cas 40,000. Assouan on the Nile, completed 1902, contains 1,395,150,000 cubic yds. of water, equivalent to a lake 45 sq. m. in area. In India there remain traces of the Poonairy reservoir, which by the construction of 30 m. of dams flooded Res'ins, class of bodies that occur very 40,000 acres of land, and the Veeranum reserwidely distributed in plants mostly together voir, which flooded 22,000 acres. The great with volatile oils, dissolved in which they freMudduk Masoor reservoir in India, constructed quently flow from trees accidentally or intenin the fifteenth century, was 108 ft. deep, flood- tionally cut. Crude resins are never crystaled 26,000 acres, and held 280,000 million gal. lized, but have the form of drops, like gum. In the island of Ceylon there is an ancient res- They are generally colored yellow. Resins are ervoir covering an area of 10,000 acres. In used for preparing varnishes, sealing wax, India there are many thousand smaller ones soap, for stiffening hat bodies, etc. The most of more recent date. In Madras alone there important are amber, copal, dammar, dragon's are 50,000. In the nineteenth century the blood, mastic, lac, rosin (or colophony), and largest were built by the British in India for sandarach. See also GUM RESINS. storing water for irrigation, and several of considerable size have been constructed in California and New Mexico for the same purpose. A number of large reservoirs have been built in Spain, also for irrigation. In the rest of Europe and in the E. portion of the U. S. the principal purpose for which storage reservoirs have been constructed is the supply of water to cities. Among the largest of these are the Vyrnwy for Liverpool, containing 11,900 million gal.; the Vehar for Bombay, containing 10,800 million gal.; the San Mateo for San Francisco, holding 31,000 million gal.; the Yan Yean for Melbourne, Australia, 6,400 million gal.; and the Ashokan, for New York City, 128,000 million gal. For the immediate daily demands of cities service reservoirs are required, and their capacity need not be much in excess of a single day's supply. They are generally located as near the center of distribution as practicable, and the water furnished to them by gravity from storage reservoirs or by pumping from the source of supply. Wherever possible, they are constructed on a summit by excavating sufficient material to make an embankment around the pit. The largest reservoir of this type is in Central Park, New York City, and covers 96 acres and contains 1,200 million gal. In many cases of small supply in flat regions service reservoirs are iron tanks or stand pipes from 5 to 40 ft. in diameter and 50 to 250 ft. in height. Reshid Pasha (rẻ-shed' pä-shä'), MUSTAPHA MEHEMET, 1802-58; Turkish statesman; b. Constantinople; early entered Ottoman civil service; ambassador in Paris at death of Mahmud II, 1839; at once recalled and appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs; had an important share in drawing up the Hatt-isherif of Gulhane-a sort of constitutional charter-wherein the sultan accorded many Resolu'tion of For'ces, mathematical separation of forces into component parts; the converse of composition of forces. Resor'cin, or Resor'cinol, diatomic phenol prepared on the large scale by the action of caustic soda on benzene-disulphonic acid; soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and used for preparing fluorescein, eosin, and other phthalic acid colors. Respira'tion, the special function of the lungs, the process which has for its ultimate object the supplying of red blood globules with oxygen for transmission to the various parts of the body. In abdominal breathing the muscles of the abdomen by contraction force the viscera upward against the diaphragm, which becomes arched into the thoracic cavity and forces the air out of the lungs. Then the diaphragm, contracting, pushes the abdominal viscera downward, and thereby makes room for entrance of inspiratory air. In the thoracic type of breathing various external muscles elevate the ribs and sternum, and thus materially increase the chest capacity, causing inspiration. This completed, the weight of the chest walls, with the assistance of certain muscles, causes descent of the sternum and ribs, and, in conjunction with the natural contractility of the lung substance, forces the air out. The abdominal type of breathing is predominant in men, the thoracic in women. Respiratory action of the lungs is involuntary, although it may be voluntarily modified. From eighteen to twenty respiratory acts take place per minute, at each of which an average of about 26 cu. in. of air is inspired and expired. The air which ebbs and flows is tidal air. In addition, 100 cu. in. of residual air, unaffected by respiratory movement, remains in the lungs. Expired air contains carbonicacid gas, which is exhaled and removed from RESPIRATORS the body. Each inspiratory act, therefore, adds an increment of oxygen to the bulk of air in the lungs; this oxygen, by the law of diffusion of gases, permeates the residual air and reaches the air sacs. The air sacs are thin-walled; indeed, their walls are essentially a network of capillary vessels held together by a film of elastic tissue. The walls of the innumerable air sacs constitute a surface of many hundred square feet, upon which the delicate network of blood vessels is spread. The pulmonary artery brings impure or venous blood to this surface, carbonic-acid gas is exchanged for oxygen, and the purified oxygenated blood is returned by the pulmonary vein to the left side of the heart, thence to be propelled through the entire circulation by the red blood globules, which are the carriers of oxygen. Resuscitation or artificial respiration is used in suspended animation from suffocation, as in drowning and hanging, also from vapor of chloroform or other noxious gases, in which, death occurring from exclusion of air, a supply of air to the lungs is the one remedy. First, drain off water from chest and stomach (in cases of drowning) by placing the patient face downward, the pit of the stomach being raised above the level of the mouth by a large roll of clothing beneath the body. Throw your weight forcibly two or three times, for a moment or two, upon the back, over the roll, so as to press all fluids out of the mouth. RESTRAINT OF TRADE Respiratory Sounds. See AUSCULTATION. Responden'tia, maritime loan made on the hypothecation of a ship's cargo or some part thereof. It is a written contract and fre quently in the form of a bond. Unless a specific lien on the goods is stipulated for, the respondentia obligation is a personal one of the borrower. Where such a lien is created it gives no claim to the lender in case the goods are lost;, for it is the essence of this form of loan that the principal and interest are hazarded on the safe arrival of the cargo. Rest Cure, term by which medical writers designate a plan of treatment first systematized by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. It is useful in the treatment of neurasthenia and hysteria. The patient is kept at rest in bed, the diet is regulated, milk generally forming the principal element, and the muscles and circulation are kept in a healthy condition by massage. Restora'tionists, Christians, of whatever sect, who entertain the belief that the wicked who die in an impenitent state will, after suitable punishment and repentance, be restored to divine favor. The first who taught this doctrine was Origen, and it seems to have spread widely in the E. It was condemned by the Council of Constantinople, 543, and in the W. it found no adherents. In the Middle Ages it was held by the Brethren of the Free Spirit, in the Reformation by the Anabaptists, in the eighteenth century by the Rationalists, and always by the Universalists. Sylvester's method is the most generally applicable. The body being placed upon the back, with the head slightly elevated, the flexed arms, grasped just above the elbows, are car- Restraint' of Trade, Con'tracts in, term techried outward and upward from the chest al- nically used to designate those contracts which most perpendicularly, and retained in their impose such hindrance or obstruction to the position for about two seconds. They are then free and uninterrupted pursuit of trade and lowered and brought closely to the sides of business as to conflict with public policy, and the chest, against which they are firmly pressed for that reason to be illegal and void, although for the same length of time, in order to expel the term has a wider general meaning, making the air as during the act of expiration. These it applicable to any contract which hinders or alternate movements of elevation and depres-interferes with freedom of trade, whether to sion are repeated from twelve to fourteen such a degree as to render it illegal or not. times a minute, and are performed with all A contract in restraint of trade may exercise possible gentleness. Fell's method of direct such restraint either in restricting the terriartificial respiration is applicable especially tory within which the business or occupation to opium poisoning or other forms of narcosis. may be carried on by one or more parties A tube is inserted into the larynx and trachea to the contract, or it may entirely restrain and warmed air forced in by a bellows. By one or more parties from pursuing a given this method persons apparently dead have occupation or occupations. A certain degree been resuscitated. Mouth-to-mouth insufflation, of hindrance or impairment of freedom of in children especially, is easily practicable and trade may be imposed in a contract without very useful. rendering the contract invalid as against public policy, so that, generally speaking, such restraint may be imposed as is necessary to afford a fair protection to the interests of the one in whose favor the restraint is imposed. Whatever restraint is imposed beyond the restraining covenants must be limited in reneeds of such protection becomes void, so that gard to the territory to which they apply. The length of time persons have been under water, or have remained apparently dead after leaving the water, and yet been resuscitated, is uncertain. The reported time is so remarkably long in some cases as to justify efforts for resuscitation for at least an hour, the par tient having breathed within half an hour or perhaps an hour. Res'pirators, mouth pieces of fine gauze and cloth, worn by persons with diseased or weak lungs to prevent the ingress of cold and damp air or foreign matter, as smoke, dust, or the grit of stone. They are little used in the U. S., but are much employed in Great Britain, especially by grinders and stone carvers. Certain contracts, such as those for the sale of secret processes of manufacture which it is agreed shall be communicated for the exclusive use of the buyer, or the sale of a patent right for the life of the patent, may impose an unlimited restraint of time and place; and, generally speaking, where the restraint imposed is reasonably limited as to RESURRECTION RETZ space, it may be imposed without limit as to | Rose of Jericho, of the E. Mediterranean rethe duration of time. Where, however, no gion. Another common one is Selaginella lepispace limit is imposed, but the prohibition dophylla, a lycopod of the family Selaginellaor restraint becomes general, the duration or cea, a native of Mexico and Central America. length of time for which the restraint is to It is a branching plant, covering a space on continue may be void. Contracts illegal be- the ground from 5 to 8 in. in diameter. When cause in restraint of trade most frequently dry it rolls up into a dull grayish ball, but are those involving the sale of a good-will of on the return of moisture it expands again the firm or business concern to those intending into a beautiful green rosette. to operate the same trade, or business, or calling within the same territory as that in which the vendor previously operated it. A form of contract involving illegal restraint of trade which is very common and of great commercial importance are those intended to establish a monopoly or form a combination of the capital or goods of two or more persons or corporations in such a way as to restrict trade or to prevent competition in the sale of commodities. Resurrection, future general raising of the bodies of the dead by the power of God; a doctrine peculiarly of revelation. Hints of it appear in the Brahmanic and Stoical theories 66 of returning cycles," the "great year" of Plato, and the Egyptian mysteries. It was definitely taught by the Zoroastrians; is implied, alluded to, or foretold in the Old Testament (Job xix, 26; Ps. xvi, 10; xlix, 15; lxviii, 18; Isa. xxvi, 19; lxvi, 24; Ezek. xxxvii; Hos. xiii, 14; Dan. xii, 2); was be lieved by most of the later Jews; appears in the Apocrypha (Wisd. iii, 7; 2 Macc. vii, 9, 14, 23, 29); was a formal doctrine of the Pharisees, but was disputed by the Sadducees; was clearly revealed in the New Testament by Christ and the apostles; has been accepted by all parts and ages of the Church; and is a prominent doctrine of Mohammedanism. The resurrection of Christ is treated as the fountain, type, and power of a new life-the corner stone of the Christian system, without which everything falls. It is related closely to every doctrine, and has always been a chief point of attack. It is part of the antidote of the fall, from which, under the covenant of grace, the whole of human nature is to be redeemed and united to Christ. It gives dignity to the body which was created by God, redeemed by Christ, and is the " temple" and organ of the Holy Spirit. It gives hope and comfort-relief, in part, from the terror of death. The doctrine, held by some, of two resurrections at different times-one of the righteous, to which the New Testament specially refers, and the other of the wickedrests on (1) the declaration, Revelations xx, 5, 6; (2) the use of the phrase "resurrection from the dead," used fifty times, and always referring to the good; the phrase "of the dead," referring to the bad; (3) on the New Testament distinctions concerning the resurrection of the just and unjust, the resurrection to life or condemnation; (4) the longing of the apostle to attain the first; and (5) on the order given, 1 Corinthians xv, 23. See FUTURE STATE; IMMORTALITY; SOUL. Resurrection Plant, popular name of several plants which, after drying, on the application of moisture expand again. One of these is the Resuscita'tion. See RESPIRATION. Retaining Wall, wall of stone built to sustain banks of earth in position. The lateral pressure of the earth depends on its nature and upon the inclination of the wall. The thickness of the wall at the top will be usually 2 ft. or more, and its thickness at the base is to be so determined that ample security against sliding, rotating, and crushing will be secured. The last of these is liable to occur only in very high walls, and the first can be always avoided by inclining the joints backward. The cross section of the wall is usually trapezoidal, but walls with curved front surfaces are occa sionally built. Retaining walls should be furnished with holes to permit drainage, and the top of the back should be arranged so that the frost may not exert a heavy lateral thrust. Reten'tion of U'rine. See URINE. Rethel (rā'tėl), Alfred, 1816-59; German painter; b. Aix-la-Chapelle; studied at Düsseldorf and at Frankfort; visited Italy in 1844-45; painted after his return four great frescoes representing incidents in the history city, and produced several grand designs— of Charlemagne in the city hall of his native Hannibal Crossing the Alps," "Dance of Death," etc. Ret'ina. See EYE. Retrograda'tion, in astronomy, an apparent or real motion of a celestial object from E. to W. Motion from W. to E. is called direct. The motion of some of the comets is retrograde. The primary planets seem at times their velocities in their orbits differ from that to have a retrograde motion, which is because of the earth. The inferior planets move more rapidly than the earth, and the superior less rapidly. It happens, therefore, that the inferior planets have a motion apparently retrograde near the times of their inferior conrior planets is retrograde for some time before junctions. The apparent motion of the supeand some time after their oppositions. The mean periods of retrogradation are: for Merfor Jupiter, 120; for Saturn, 140; for Uranus, cury, 22 days; for Venus, 42; for Mars, 73; 152; for Neptune, 158§. Ret'ting. See FLAX. Retz, Gilles de Laval de, generally called MARSHAL RETZ, 1404-40; French military officer; b. Machecoul, Loire-Inférieure; distinguished himself in the wars of Charles VII; fought at the side of the Maid of Orleans; was made a marshal of France, but retired subsequently from public life to his castle of Retz. During fourteen years he enticed over one hundred children into his castle and sac RETZ rificed them to his lust and superstition, being a worshiper of Satan and addicted to magic. He was strangled and burned. See BLUE BEARD. Retz, Jean François Paul de Gondi (Cardinal de), 1614-79; French prelate; b. Montmirailen-Brie; was forced against his will into the Church; led an irregular life; active in intrigues against Richelieu, after whose death he was appointed coadjutor to his uncle, the Archbishop of Paris. He tried to supplant Mazarin; acquired a cardinal's hat, 1651, by his intrigues; was arrested 1652, and imprisoned. While in prison he became Archbishop of Paris. He escaped, fled to Spain, and remained a fugitive till after Mazarin's death, when (1662) he made his peace with Louis XIV, and exchanged his archbishopric for the abbacy of St. Denis, Paris. Reuchlin (roich'lin) (Hellenized, CAPNIO), Johann, 1455-1522; German scholar; b. Pforzheim; at twenty taught at Basel philosophy, Greek, and Latin; studied law in Orleans, and, 1481, was made teacher of jurisprudence and belles-lettres at Tübingen; later made imperial councilor and employed in diplomacy; for eleven years was president of the Suabian confederate tribunal. He was charged with a leaning toward Judaism for causing the Emperor Maximilian to rescind an order against burning all Hebrew books excepting the Bible; and despite his published vindication, his writings were burned by order of a tribunal organized at Mentz by his chief opponent, the Inquisitor Hoogstraaten. By order of Pope Leo X the proceedings against him were suspended, and the contest resulted really in favor of the study of Greek and Hebrew, which from that time became general among the Germans. In 1529 Reuchlin was made professor at Ingolstadt. Being invited to Wittenberg, he recommended in his place his cousin, Philip Melanchthon. Although suspected of inclining toward Protestantism, he never formally left the Roman Catholic Church. His Breviloquus, sive Dictionarium singulas Voces Latinas breviter explicans, has been called the first Latin dictionary (1478), and his edition of the seven penitential psalms (1512) is thought to have been the first Hebrew work printed in Germany. The system of Greek pronunciation which he established is known as iotacism or Reuchlinism. Réunion (re-un'yun), called BOURBON prior to 1848, also ILE BONAPARTE, island and French colony in Indian Ocean; belonging to the Mascarene group; about 100 m. SW. of Mauritius; 38 m. long, 28 m. wide; area, 970 sq. m.; capital, St. Denis; chief port, Pointe-de-Galats; is volcanic; traversed by a mountain chain which divides it into two portions, differing in climate and productions. The Piton de la Fournaise, 7,200 ft., is an active volcano. Maize, sugar, coffee, rice, and tobacco are cultivated. Réunion has no good harbors, and the coast is consequently dangerous. This island was discovered, 1545, by the Portuguese, and occupied by the French, 1649. Pop. (1907) 201,000. REVELATION Reuss (rois), name of two small principalities of Germany belonging to an elder and younger line of the family of Reuss, and consisting of several separate territories between Prussia, Saxony, and Bavaria. The dominion of the elder line, Reuss-Greiz, has an area of That of the younger line, Reuss-Schleiz Gera, 122 sq. m.; pop. (1905) 70,603; capital, Greiz. has an area of 319 sq. m.; pop. (1905) 144,584; capital, Schleiz. The surface of both principalities is hilly, reaching over 2,000 ft. in the Thüringer Wald. Reuter (roi'tėr), Paul Julius (Baron), 182199; German promoter; b. Cassel; organized the first telegraph news agency in Aix-la-Chapelle, 1849; transferred his office to London, 1851, and enlarged the system until it included all parts of the world. He obtained a concession for the submarine telegraph line between England and Germany, 1865; one from the French Govt. for the construction of a cable between France and the U. S., completed 1869; was granted, 1872, the exclusive privilege of constructing railways, working mines and forests, etc., in Persia; concession annulled 1889, and in lieu of it he received the concession of the Imperial Bank of Persia. Rev'al, capital of government of Esthonia, European Russia; on Gulf of Finland; 200 m. WSW. of St. Petersburg; upper or old town contains the cathedral, castle, and houses of the German nobility; lower or new town extends outside the walls. Reval is an important port, exporting grain, spirits, flax, etc.; founded by Waldemar II of Denmark, 1219; became a flourishing Hanse town; held by the Livonian knights, 1346-1561; then belonged to Sweden; and was finally annexed to Russia, 1710. Pop. abt. 65,000. Reveillé (French, re-val'ya; English, rev-àle'), signal given in garrisons at break of day, by beat of drum or sound of bugle, for the soldiers to rise and the sentinels to forbear challenging until the retreat is sounded in the evening. Revela'tion, act of God by which He communicates to man the truth concerning Himself and the knowledge resultant on such activity of God. It includes all modes in which God makes Himself known to men; or, passively, all knowledge concerning God however attained, inasmuch as it is conceived that all such knowledge is, in one way or another, wrought by Him. In its narrower sense it is confined to the communication of knowledge in a supernatural as distinguished from a natural mode; or, passively, to the knowledge of God which has been supernaturally made known to men. Most types of modern theology explicitly allow that all knowledge of God rests on revelation; that God can be known only because and so far as He reveals Himself. It is only with reference to the reality of special revelation that debate concerning revelation continues. The doctrine of revelation, according to Christian thinkers, is that God has never left Himself without a witness. In the act of creation He has impressed Himself on the work |