help. Some of that even we can, and could ourselves, supply. But true to that principle, given memorable statement by Abraham Lincoln: we ask for that essential aid which is beyond our capacity to give ourselves, the aid without which we shall sit and watch our cities choke. I should like to close by returning again to the opening theme and recalling to your attention the old frontier in America-one that is perpetually reappearing one that in some way will also challenge our children's children. Some think-with Frederick Jackson Turnerthat this frontier died in the last century; with it, others feel, died the "American dream." I do not. A "dream" and a "frontier" are not mutually exclusive terms. To me, the "American dream" is the "Great Society" is the "renewed frontier;" the constantly reappearing far-off timberline-of opportunity in the American experience. It is something to be worked toward, and when it is reached, we shall find beyond it, just as our fathers found over a present rise, the lordly cedars on the next mountains.

Our "renewed frontier" today in America is the city-not its cold. antiseptic, stone and steel-but its people. And this "renewed frontier," if I may say so, has thus far been left relatively untouched by our recent Presidents in their brilliant and necessary haste to master Weltpolitik and explore the intricacies of outer space. The need to rebuild our cities-to restore hope in our people-to restore dignity to our people. We need to provide them with a decent chance and solid reason to make their full commitment to liberty. We must use our treasure to offer means for decent men and women who want to contribute to this Nation's growth.

Human being want far beyond our patronizing handouts a chance to be free. Thus our frontier ancestors; thus our people in the “renewed frontier" of modern cities.

The frontiersman cut his home into the earth of America. I want that same opportunity for all men today in New York, Chicago, St. Louis, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Atlanta-wherever. I want in the "renewed frontier" men who do because they have a right to do; men who with their own grit and sinew will uphold their innate dignity; men who will pass on a renewed passion for what we once called and hopefully will again-the "American dream."

(Attachments to statement follow :)

Number of Jobs

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

TOTAL NUMBER OF JOBS IN NATION

RESULTING DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY FROM THE
EXPENDITURE OF $4,000,000,000 OYER A 10 YEAR
PERIOD ON RAPID TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS IN
NEW YORK CITY

1st 2nd 3rd

4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

YEAR.

NUMBER OF JOBS IN NEW YORK CITY

RESULTING DIRECTLY FROM THE EXPENDITURE OF $4,000,000,000 OVER A 10 YEAR PERIOD ON

RAPID TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS IN NEW YORK CITY

Senator DOUGLAS. I appreciate your very eloquent statement, Mr. Gilhooley. I think you have made a good case.

I was somewhat struck by the fact that, on page 5 and again on page 6, you profess your deep appreciation for rubber and concrete. It seems to me we should not bow down before commodities, but that people should be the center of our attention; not rubber, concrete, railway ties, or steel rails, but people.

So I don't think it is necessary for you to come before this committee and pay tribute to the virtues of rubber and concrete. I suppose this was a euphemistic way of referring to the automobile and cement groups, but I think we are not here to help rubber or concrete or the manufacturers of cars; we are here to help people.

Senator WILLIAMS. You have to say something about asphalt, too, you know.

Senator DOUGLAS. Yes. They are a very powerful combination. Now on page 6 and 7 and 8, you say we should spend $12 billion in the coming years, but on page 10 you say this $12 billion Federal expenditure should be spread over 25 years, or an average of $500 million a year.

Now you know the members of my party, to whom you make such an eloquent appeal, are under constant attack by the members of your party, (a) that we are spending too much, and (b), we are taking over functions which the local government should perform.

Now we sometimes are put in the position in which the moderate and liberal Republicans appear before us in committees asking the Federal Government to make appropriations, but then as election nears they utter no word of defense for our expenditures, and sometimes join the crowd attacking us.

Now do you raise your right hand and solemnly swear that you will take the same position in October and November that you do in April?

The late Jimmy Walker, when he was courting Janet, wrote the song, "Will You Love Me in December as You Do in May?" I would like to ask, will you love us in October and November as you do in April?

Mr. GILHOOLEY. Do you want an answer to that, Senator?
Senator DOUGLAS. Yes, I ask you that question.

Mr. GILHOOLEY. I'm a registered member of the Republican Party. However, I appear here, I hope, as a professional public servant, without political tinge.

Senator DOUGLAS. But you have this dual capacity. You wear two hats. In one hat you ask for Federal grants, which will imply some degree of Federal control. The members of your party, and frequently the New York members of your party, attack the Federal Government, (a) for spending too much, and (b), for interfering with the functions of local government. So that we are damned if we do and damned if we don't. We are damned if we don't in April, and we are damned if we do in September, October, and November.

Now we ask for consistency throughout the inquiry. I don't think this is an excessive demand.

Do you, Mr. Chairman?

62-551-66-pt. 2- -16

Senator WILLIAMS. Well, I am glad we have this colloquy. This is not an election year

Senator DOUGLAS. It is for some of us. You may be free, but it is an election year in New York. It is an election year for Governor in New York and for Congressmen. So this is important.

Mr. GILHOOLEY. Well, I would say to you, Senator, if I may finish the answer I tried to begin here-may I finish, Senator?

Senator DOUGLAS. Sure.

Mr. GILHOOLEY. I come from the State of New York, where we had a great politician, perhaps the greatest in this century, Al SmithSenator DOUGLAS. I'm glad you say that. Did you say that as a young man, when you watched him perform in the State?

Mr. GILHOOLEY. As he said, no politician shoots Santa Claus and if indeed, I am a politician, I shall not begin to pioneer in that area this morning.

Senator DOUGLAS. Why don't you be consistent?

Mr. GILHOOLEY. I'm perfectly consistent, Senator. I have been down before these committees four times, asking for this. I was down here in 1964. I pleaded for this.

Senator DOUGLAS. I understand that. But what about October and November?

Mr. GILHOOLEY. I was down here 2 years ago, I am still here, and I will be here next year, if the bill doesn't pass this year.

Senator DOUGLAS. Do you have any influence on your fellow Republicans in New York?

Mr. GILHOOLEY. Senator Javits is very much for this, I understand. Senator DOUGLAS. Senator Javits is a splendid man, splendid. He just made a mistake as a young man, from which he has never been able to correct himself. But we think he is a splendid fellow. I must say, of Senator Javits, he doesn't talk out of both sides of his mouth. He says the same thing in New York as he says here in Washington. We respect him for that.

Senator WILLIAMS. And on some issues, he is not even talking right

now.

Senator DOUGLAS. That is neither here nor there. But we have not noticed a similar consistency on the part of some New York Republicans. On the one hand they demand Federal aid, on the other hand they attack the Federal Government for spending too much money and for infringing upon the function of localities.

Mr. GILHOOLEY. I don't think I have ever done that, Senator. I don't recall ever having done that. So you are talking over my head, sir.

Senator DOUGLAS. I don't believe in accumulating dossiers on anyone. I certainly wouldn't think of accumulating a dossier on you. But you are an influential member of your party, and you have a restraining influence. You know, sometimes groups will allow one man to be consistent, to advocate Federal subsidies in April and then to keep quiet in October, November, and December, while somebody else takes up the strain.

I would remind you of a poem by Arthur Hugh Clough, who was a friend of Florence Nightengale. He wrote a poem, "The Latest Decalogue," which puts the Ten Commandments in the words of the Phari