ings, upper air soundings, and send the information obtained back to the weather central.

Mr. MILLER. Now at these places that you have listed in here does the Air Force, do you know, maintain aerological stations in Hawaii and Guam, and perhaps Nouasseur-that is, within 50 or 60 air miles of Port Lyautey or some of these other places? Is there a duplication in that respect?

Captain COOPER. I would like to read the responsibilities of the Naval Aerological Service, and I believe we will find the answer to your question contained therein, Mr. Miller.

NAVAL AEROLOGICAL SERVICE, RESPONSIBILITIES

1. The meterological organizations of the Air Force and Navy constitute that which is required for national defense over and above the meteorological service of the United States Weather Bureau. It is the responsibility of the United States Weather Bureau to provide, within United States territory, meteorological service, advice, and warnings to the general public and as required by other governmental agencies. This responsibility is defined or implied in the statutes pertaining to the United States Weather Bureau. The term "National Weather Service" refers to the meteorological facilities maintained by the Federal Government for general use of civil and economic interests of the public and includes the basic meteorological information required by other Government departments in the discharge of their functions. The National Weather Service, together with stations, equipment, and personnel essential thereto, are the responsibility of the United States Weather Bureau. Meteorological facilities maintained by the Navy and certain other governmental departments are primarily for their own specialized needs which, under existing policy, are beyond the scope of United States Weather Bureau facilities. The Naval Aerological Service provides operational weather information for all the fleets and operating forces wherever they may be. This area encompasses all oceans in the Northern Hemisphere, North America, and occupied territories.

2. The Naval Establishment has a continuing and vital need for specialized meteorological services over and above those provided by the United States Weather Bureau. The mission of the Naval Aerological Service is to furnish a highly efficient service that meets the particular requirements unique to the Navy Department, the shore establishment, and the subsurface, surface, amphibious, land, and air components of the naval operating forces. In meeting these needs the Naval Aerological Service is utilizing weather information and services of the United States Weather Bureau, the Air Weather Service, and foreign governments. 3. The overall aerological program is coordinated and administered as a staff function of the Chief of Naval Operations. In particular, coordination with other Federal weather services, and administration of the operations of weather units via chain of command are exercised by this office. Management control and technical control of all units relative to material matters are assigned to the Bureau of Aeronautics. Military command and coordinating control are delegated to the individual commanders to whom the aerological units are assigned.

4. The scope of the current aerological program is planned and based upon requirements of the basic naval operating plan for the fiscal year 1953. The program is planned with a view of accomplishing the assigned mission with the highest degree of economy of men, material, and money, utilization of existing and available facilities, and elimination of undesirable duplication within and without the Naval Establishment. It is fully coordinated and justified on a continuing basis with the Navy Department.

5. Logistic support for common items, which are not peculiar to the specialized weather service, is furnished as for the naval service at large. Specialized logistic requirements of the Naval Aerological Service are filled by means of the following breakdown:

Planning and forecasting the requirements for material and personnel, and the distribution of such requirements based on known or projected employment of the naval operating forces are performed by the Aerology Branch of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Development and procurement to fill the requirements, and the services necessary to maintain operations are performed by the Bureau of Aeronautics for all aerological equipment.

Basic training of personnel is provided by filling quotas allocated by the Bureau of Naval Personnel to existing training facilities. Wherein facilities exist, continuous field training at aerological units is conducted.

6. All Navy research and development is fully coordinated with other military services and appropriate Federal agencies. Basic research in the field of meteorology is conducted by the Office of Naval Research and directed toward assuring that the Navy has a well-rounded program based on those subjects which are of immediate value to the Naval Establishment.

7. Coordination of operational weather matters is accomplished through the Subcommittee on Aviation Meteorology of the Air Coordinating Committee and the Joint Meteorological Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Matters pertaining to research are coordinated through appropriate channels and committees: of the Research and Development Board. The functions of these committees are discussed briefly below:

(a) The Subcommittee on Aviation Meteorology of the Air Coordinating Committee coordinates all meteorological matters among the principal United States Meteorological Services as they pertain to peacetime civil aviation operations. The heads of all the Federal weather services are included in the membership of this subcommittee, and, in addition, representatives from the Bureau of the Budget, Civil Aeronautics Administration, Civil Aeronautics Board, State Department, United States Coast Guard, and Department of Interior.

(b) The Joint Meteorological Committee is an agency of the Joint Chiefs of Staff organization with cognizance of military meteorological matters. Its membership consists of representatives from the three military services and the United States Weather Bureau only. Its functions are concerned primarily with meteorological matters required to support the missions of the United States Chiefs of Staff.

(c) Matters of meteorological research and development are coordinated through the various committees and panels of the Research and Development Board, on which all three services have membership or representation.

(d) The Naval Aerological Service, the Air Weather Service, and United States Weather Bureau, are represented on the Subcommittee on Meteorological Problems of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics for aviation research. (e) The Chief of the United States Weather Bureau is the United States delegate to the World Meteorological Organization, an agency of the United Nations. Meetings are held every 2 to 3 years. At Director's meetings, Navy and Air Force weather service representatives are designated as technical advisers to the Chief of the United States Weather Bureau.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Captain, may I interrupt? Is there any indication in there that if you got a weather station in the Philippines that is operated by the Navy, that the Air Force would not have one? Captain COOPER. There is no specific indication of that.

Mr. BLANDFORD. That is what I mean.

Captain COOPER. It is coordinated by the Air Coordinating Committee.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Which is made up of these representatives that you discussed?

Captain COOPER. Representatives of the Air Force, the Navy, and the United States Weather Bureau.

Mr. BLANDFORD. So that it is quite likely that you would find two weather stations within 50 miles of each other, with the knowledge of the Air Coordinating Committee?

Captain COOPER. All the Government weather services are coordinated.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Of course all the Government weather services are interested in the professional attainment of meteorologists. So, obviously, no one is going-no one in that committee is going to say, "Well, you have too many." It is sort of an empire-building operation, such as it is in every other organization.

Mr. GAVIN. Has the committee any further questions to ask on these aerologists or meteorologists?

Mr. MILLER. I don't know that my question has been answered. But perhaps the captain can answer it and I will pursue it further when the Air Force gets here and ask them if there are any duplicating services.

You remember, Captain, some time ago there was a book written, The Case Against the Admirals, and one of the things that it pointed up was that right out here at that time two aerological stations were maintained, one at NAS, Anacostia, and the other at Bolling Field. Now I am just trying to see whether that condition still exists. At Panama-you named some place where the Air Force also operates: Panama, Guam, Hawaii, to my knowledge-I am more familiar with the Pacific-the Philippines, where you all have a common interest in this. I am just wondering whether there is a duplication, because the information that you both want, the Air Force and the Navy, is substantially the same. Perhaps the Navy's is a little more in some respects extensive. It covers more field than the Air Force wants. But I can see where they can pretty easily be reconciled, I think. Captain COOPER. The only thing I proved, Mr. Miller, and the only thing I can prove is there is a coordinating agency.

Mr. MILLER. Oh, there is a coordinating agency, Captain, in a lot of things. We have unification, which is the first coordinating agency, but that at some places apparently has some weakness. So I am not going to take this long filibuster that I think you went through to tell me there was a coordinating agency with the Weather Bureau and the other three agencies.

The question is, is there a duplication of the gathering of this data and the evaluation of the data at some of these points? I realize you can't answer for the Air Force and some of the others. But I thought you might know.

Mr. GAVIN. Does the captain know of any duplication at any particular point?

Captain COOPER. I know that we have a weather central, the Navy has a weather central, in Washington, which would appear to be a duplication of the United States Weather Bureau, but I am not sufficiently familiar with the missions of each of those two to say definitely that there is duplication.

Mr. MILLER. Has the Air Force a weather central here or in the immediate vicinity of Washington?

Captain COOPER. I can't answer definitely, but I would say that I certainly believe there is.

Mr. MILLER. There is. Then we have three in the immediate vicinity of Washington. How about Hawaii?

Captain COOPER. Well, I again don't know definitely, but I would assume that the Air Force certainly has a weather central in Hawaii as well.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Mr. Chairman, may I suggest that the Air Force and the Navy submit Wednesday morning the list of air stations that is, the list of weather stations-that are in operation in the various parts of the United States and the world, and then we can conclude from that whether there is any duplication, Mr. Miller. Mr. MILLER. I would think we would want these evaluation centers and the big centers, not just the little centers.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Wherever they have officers, not the various isolated units.

Captain COOPER. I will see that is furnished to the committee, sir. (Information submitted to committee-in a classified status.)

Mr. GAVIN. Proceed, Commander Parker, with your explanation. Commander PARKER. Well, getting back to our office, we have one captain who heads up our-or looks out for the aerology service in the Navy, in OP-53.

Going to OP-54, that is "Aviation personnel." They, of course, detail the officers that are required for the service.

OP-55 is our air warfare division who determine the quality requirements that I mentioned before. They have a total of eight captains in that division. They handle all new types of aircraft. They handle what should go on aviation ships and related materiel, so that the airplanes and the ships match up.

We also have the-we develop air tactics and air intelligence there, that go along with the fleet requirements. We have the naval photography in that branch.

Also, which I don't think has been mentioned, OP-05 handles the Air Reserve.

OP-56 is a new division just born. We split off the personnel and training and now we have a separate division for training, with no increase in personnel. They handle all aviation training, both the student pilots, and coordinate the fleet training matter, so that each fleet doesn't go off on a tangent, and they keep more or less on the same level with what is coming out of the training command. Mr. BLANDFORD. How does this differ from the BuAir?

Commander PARKER. We just reorganized as of March 1, sir, and we split off

Mr. BLANDFORD. That was what BuAir was doing previously; is that correct?

Commander PARKER. I think BuAir had a slight reorganization effective February 28, sir.

Mr. BLANDFORD. They were involved in training. These are Chief of Naval Air Training.

Now, what is the difference between the Naval Air Training Command, which is broken down into basic training, advanced training, technical training and reserve training, and this air training branch which is part of OP-5?

Commander PARKER. Well, the policy end up here in CNO— CNATRA heads up all the student training at Pensacola.

Mr. BLANDFORD. What is the man's name again?

Commander PARKER. They call him Chief of Naval Air Training Command, sir; CNATRA, which is a short title. I am so used to referring to it, I sometimes forget the long titles. He heads up all the new students coming in, both in basic and also the technical training of enlisted personnel that go along with the squadrons. In addition to that, we have all the reserve training at Glenview.

Mr. BLANDFORD. One is functional and the other one is planning? Commander PARKER. Yes, sir.

Mr. BLANDFORD. In other words you are dreaming up new ideas, and they are putting them into effect.

Commander PARKER. And also we check on their syllabus for how they train the new pilots. We have three captains in that branch. Mr. BLANDFORD. How many people do you have; how many officers do you have in OP-05?

Commander PARKER. We have 178.
Mr. BLANDFORD. Altogether?

Commander PARKER. Altogether, plus 25 Naval Reserve.
Mr. BLANDFORD. Officers?

Commander PARKER. Yes, sir.

Mr. BLANDFORD. And out of that, you have 38 captains?
Commander PARKER. Yes, sir.

Mr. BLANDFORD. And the bulk of the remainder are commanders?
Commander PARKER. Yes, sir; about 60 are commanders.

Mr. BLANDFORD. About 60 commanders.

So you are bringing in more or less senior officers for this type of work?

Commander PARKER. That is correct, sir.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Are they all naval aviators?

Commander PARKER. All the captains are; yes, sir.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Practically

Commander PARKER. Some are aerologists, and I think we have one that is the head of the Naval Aerology-is engineering duty only.

Mr. BLANDFORD. You say how many officers altogether in that branch, in OP-05?

Commander PARKER. In OP-05? There are 178 Regular Navy, 25 Reserves, and I believe 9 Marines-no; 8 Marines.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Now, has there been any marked increase in that operation in the number of officers assigned to OP-05 in the past year? Commander PARKER. No, sir; we reduced from 183 to 178 in the last year.

Mr. BLANDFORD. And Captain Cooper, how does that fit into all of the CNO setup here?

Have you increased your number of officers on duty with CNO in the last year, or decreased them?

Commander PARKER. There is a correction. Actually the allowance that-05 has a line captain in guided missiles. Actually, it is currently being held by an aviator, because the director of guided missiles is not an aviator now, and the billet is authorized for aviator. So they keep one or the other in either billet.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Well, the question keeps reoccurring in my mind, and it is not an accusation. I just want information, because I have heard it said-and this is true for the Air Force and true for the Marine Corps-that as your aviators increase in rank and there are fewer flying billets for them, they have to set up billets for them. So you expand on your operations and on your long-hair planning and set up these billets that have various dramatic titles, but actually it is work that can be done by a junior grade or a lieutenant.

Now, I won't ask you to comment on it, but I would like to know if you can tell me what has happened in connection with OP-05, say, from the time it was established until the present with respect to its expansion and how billets are now being occupied by captains and commanders that previously might have been occupied by lieutenants and lieutenant commanders?

Commander PARKER. I don't know-I know it was established in 1943. What the actual numbers are, expansion: I don't think it has expanded too much. I could give you those figures this afternoon, because I have a history in the office. But I don't think there has been