TABLE 3.

Number of Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Total Number Admitted to the United States, with Percentages, in 1912, and Averages for the Five-year Period 1907-1911: By Occupations.

Table 3 shows, by occupations, the number of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States, the number destined for Massachusetts, and the corresponding percentages for the year 1912 and averages for the five-year period 1907-1911. The total number destined for Massachusetts classified as professional was 658 in 1912, this being 5.6 per cent of the 11,685 admitte l to the United States. The percentage of aliens classified as engaged in professional occupations of the total number admitted to the United States was greater in 1912 than for the preceding five-year period, the respective percentages being 5.6 and 5.1. Of those in professional occupations teachers ranked first in point of numbers and likewise with respect to the percentage destined for Massachusetts

The total number of skilled workmen destined for Massachusetts was 10,829, or 15.4 per cent of the total number of immigrants destined for Massachusetts,

Immigrant Aliens - 1912.

comprising, however, only 8.5 per cent of the total number of skilled workmen admitted to the United States, but the percentage is somewhat larger than the corresponding percentage (7.8) for the five-year period 1907-1911.

Over two-fifths (41.3 per cent) of the textile workers (unclassified) entering the United States chose Massachusetts as their destination; 28.3 per cent of the weavers and spinners; 11.4 per cent of the shoemakers; 9.2 per cent of the masons; and 9.2 per cent of the barbers and hairdressers were so destined.

There were 40,687 miscellaneous unskilled workmen who were destined for Massachusetts in 1912, or 8.7 per cent of the 468,401 admitted to the United States. Farm laborers to the number of 14,418, or 7.8 per cent, ranked first; laborers, 12,643, or 9.3 per cent, ranked second; and servants, 11,694, or 10 per cent, ranked third. For the five-year period laborers ranked first with an annual average of 17,680, or 9 per cent; farm laborers second with an annual average of 11,742, or 5.3 per cent; and servants third with an annual average of 10,440, or 10.9 per cent.

The total number of immigrant aliens entering this State in 1912 having no occupation, including women and children, was 17,997, or 7.8 per cent of the 231,070 admitted to the United States, while the corresponding per cent for the five-year period was 7.3.

There were in addition to the occupations shown in Table 3 several occupations represented by a large number of aliens admitted to the United States of whom but a very few were destined for Massachusetts. Only 170 miners of 5,889 admitted to the United States were destined for this State, 173 of the 3,143 butchers admitted, 152 of the 2,098 machinists, 119 of the 1,391 gardeners, 106 of the 1,331 locomotive, marine, and stationary engineers, 81 of the 1,169 stokers, and 78 of the 1,006 milliners.

TABLE 4.- Number of Imigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts, 1908-1912: By Races, Arr aged in Order of Number of Immigrants in 1912.

Emigrant Aliens - 1912.

Table 4 shows by races for each of the five years, 1908 to 1912, the number of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts with the corresponding total for the period. The net decrease in the number of those destined for Massachusetts in 1912 as compared with the number in 1911 was only 640, while the corresponding falling off in 1912 as compared with 1907 (the record year) was 15,412. The decrease in the number admitted to the United States in 1912 as compared with 1911 was 40,415, and as compared with 1907 (the record year) was 447,177. The greatest decreases by races in the numbers destined for Massachusetts in 1912 as compared with 1911 were: English, 1,597, or 22.3 per cent; Irish, 1,033, or 15 per cent; Scandinavian, 801, or 29.1 per cent; Italian (south), 707, or 5.3 per cent; and Greek, 662, or 12.7 per cent.

There were four races whose numbers destined for Massachusetts showed notable increases in 1912 as compared with 1911, the Russians showing an unusual gain of 1,000, or 59.8 per cent; the Polish, 1,836, or 29.8 per cent; the Portuguese, 1,105, or 28.6 per cent; and the Armenian, 617, or 81.4 per

cent.

The races admitted to the United States which showed large decreases in numbers were: Italian (south), 23,808; Scandinavian, 14,258; Hebrew, 10,628; English, 7,569; Irish, 6,324; Greek, 5,455; and Scotch, 5,332. The races whose numbers were greatly increased were: Polish, 13,717; Russian, 3,837; Armenian, 2,130; and Portuguese, 1,934.

3. EMIGRANT ALIENS DEPARTED FROM MASSACHUSETTS. Data showing the number of emigrant aliens who departed from the United States and from Massachusetts in 1912, classified by races or peoples, with comparative totals and corresponding percentages for the four years, 1908-1911, are presented in Table 5.

The total number of emigrant aliens who departed from the United States in 1912 was 333,262, of which number 15,406, or 4.6 per cent, departed from Massachusetts. The net increase in the alien population of the United States (represented by excess of immigration over emigration) during the year 1912 was 504,910, no deduction being made, however, for the number of naturalized citizens who left this country for permanent residence abroad. On the basis of the total population of the country as determined by the Census of 1910, the net addition to the population of the United States through immigration was less than one-half of one per cent in 1912. Corresponding data for Massachusetts show that the net gain in population

Emigrant Aliens 1912.

(represented by immigration in excess of emigration) was 54,765, or somewhat less than two per cent.

There were 4,766 Italians (south) who left Massachusetts in 1912, the largest number of any race, but these represented only 4.9 per cent of the 96,881 Italians (south) leaving the United States. On the other hand the Portuguese, of whom only 1,019 departed from Massachusetts, constituted 58.3 per cent of the 1,747 leaving the United States. Attention has already been called to the fact that 52.8 per cent of the Portuguese admitted to this country in 1912 were destined for Massachusetts. Several other races also showed large percentages of emigration from Massachusetts; thus 22.8 per cent of the Armenians who departed from the United States were from Massachusetts, and corresponding percentages for other races were: Turkish, 20.9; African (black), 18.3; Lithuanian, 14.5; and Syrian, 11.7.

The races showing each over 1,000 emigrants from Massachusetts in 1912 were: Italians (south), 4,766; Polish, 2,502; Greek, 1,267; and Portuguese, 1,019. There were several races not specified in Table 5 which showed a large emigration from the United States, but of which races comparatively few were from Massachusetts, such as the Magyars, of whom 4,560, or 25.9 per cent, left Pennsylvania; 2,848, or 16.2 per cent, left New Jersey; 2,876, or 16.4 per cent, left Ohio; and 2,502, or 14.2 per cent, left New York, while only 23 departed from Massachusetts. Croatians and Slovenians to the number of 13,963 left the United States, only 27 of whom departed from Massachusetts, 4,009, or 28.7 per cent, from Pennsylvania, and over a thousand each from Minnesota (1,068), New York (1,168), and Ohio (1,288). Of 12,526 Slovaks, 6,222, or 49.7 per cent, left Pennsylvania, and only 44 left Massachusetts. There were also 7,349 Bulgarians, Servians, and Montenegrins, 5,824 Roumanians, and 5,521 Ruthenians (Russniak), of whom 48, 10, and 48 respectively left this State, while large numbers left Ohio and Pennsylvania.

TABLE 5.-Number of Emigrant Aliens Departed from Massachusetts and from the United States, and Averages for the Years 1908-1911, with Percentages1: By Races.

1 The number of Emigrant Aliens was presented in 1908, for the first time, in the Reports of the CommissionerGeneral of Immigration.

2 It was possible only to compare the totals of the year 1912 with the four-year period 1908-1911 instead of with a five-year period, as in the case of the immigrant aliens, since no tabulation showing the number of emigrant aliens prior to 1908 is available.

* United States residence unknown; left United States via Canadian border; reported by Canadian Government.

The net increase or decrease in the alien population of Massachusetts represented by the excess of immigration over emigration is shown, by race, in Table 6. The largest net gains were: Italian (south), 7,845; Polish, 5,486; Irish, 5,483; Hebrew, 4,955; English, 4,762; Portuguese, 3,948; and Greek, 3,294. In the case of the Chinese there was a net decrease of 19, that being the only race which showed a larger number of emigrant aliens departing from Massachusetts than immigrant aliens destined for this State.