know when a new publishing traveller is original, or a mere translator or plagiary. A refutation of Mr. Carter's theory is extant, in the success and value of the pages of his two predecessors from New-York, Mr. Simond and Professor Griscom.With regard to Italy, who would not rejoice to have such disquisitions, concerning her present condition, as those which Eustace included in his "Classical Tour," with reference to what he observed and learned at the beginning of this century? Our tourist devotes his first Letter to an account of his passage across the Atlantic. He seems to be sensible of the triteness of the subject; which, in fact, he ought to have despatched, in his book, in less than eight pages, adhering to the spirit of his own remark, that circumstances which attracted attention on board, and served to amuse the passengers, would appear trivial in detail, and could afford no gratification to his readers. Certainly, he should have ranked among those circumstances, the following details:

"There is an honest Irishman on board, named Jemmy, who is working his passage home, and whose special duty it is to superintend the farm-yard, and feed the stock. His assiduity, and the tenderness he manifests towards his little flock, particularly towards the cow Sukey,' have acquired for him the good wishes of all the passengers." 29 *** "There is a sprightly, interesting little boy on board, only thirteen years old, who is sometimes seen poised, like the lark, at the top of the mast, handing the royal. His name, as well as his activity in climbing or descending, has often reminded me of Gay's beautiful simile in 'Black-eyed Susan.''

Such particulars might have been expunged with advantage, on the revision; and we notice them, not invidiously or morosely, but because it is the error of too many cotemporary tourists, to be lavish of insignificant details. They cannot bear to relinquish what has been once written;-they forget that they may do or note, for their amusement on the way, many little foolish things which should not be solemnly recorded;-that much which is good for a newspaper, or for the eyes of friends, who feel a particular concern in all that happens to them, may yet be unfit for a formal dispensation to the public, who care little for what they have eaten or drunk, of common food and in the common way, or how they have been lodged, or whether they were fleeced or spared by innkeepers and stage-drivers. The besetting sin of Mr. Carter is the accumulation of petty or personal incidents, which are wholly without interest for the world at large, and which have distended his volumes considerably beyond the proper dimensions. Indulgence, on this head, could be exercised in favour of his Letters, as they came originally from his hands; but it is not due, in the same measure, after he has leisurely prepared them for the frame and functions of a book.

We shall pass at once to his second epistle, which announces his arrival in Ireland, and his ride from Kinsale to Cork. He

was first struck with the populousness of the country, and the extreme meanness and scantiness of the dress of the lower classes, accompanied, however, with such amends as rosy cheeks, athletic limbs, and cheerful looks. The name of Cork is so familiar in the United States, that we may suppose a short description of that city will be acceptable to our readers :—

"The next day after our arrival at Cork," says Mr. Carter, "having no letters to deliver, as our visit to Ireland was unexpected, we perambulated the city and learned its localities, visiting most of the public places and some of the numerous institutions. Cork is pleasantly situated upon the Lee, the greater part of it occupying an island formed by the two branches, which are crossed in many places by handsome stone bridges, uniting the principal streets. It is on all sides surrounded by hills, forming the banks of the river, and covered to their summits with ranges of houses and elegant country-seats. Most of the streets are narrow; the buildings are of gray stone; and there is nothing very prepossessing in the exterior, with the exception of the suburbs, which are rural and neat. The population of Cork is 100,000, covering an area of four miles square. Its commerce and manufactures are extensive, it being the second mart in magnitude on the Island. Vessels of 150 tons come into the heart of the city; and the inhabitants are now engaged in deepening the channel four feet, so as to admit ships of greater burthen. There is a good show of enterprise with a portion of the citizens, who find, however, many drawbacks, and sustain heavy burdens in support of the poor. The number of paupers and vagrants exceeds all calculation; and numerous as the charitable institutions are, they are wholly inadequate to the wants of the city. In the foundling hospital there are 1200 children; in the fever hospital 200; in the lunatic asylum as many more; and in the house of industry an equal number. The large county and city gaols, situate opposite each other on the banks of the river, are also crowded with tenants. In fact, every refuge for the poor is filled, still leaving the streets thronged with vagrants.”

Our tourist visited the Lakes of Killarney, and proceeded, afterwards, to Limerick, which he found "apparently in a flourishing condition, with fewer beggars, and the lower classes more decently clad," than in the other towns which he had seen. From Limerick, he journeyed to Dublin, discovering, on the way, that the Irish horses are not so fleet as the American; and "smiling" at the prudence of the Irish coachmen, who "turn out" by the time another team is in sight, lock their wheels where there is only a moderate descent, and, with these precautions, avoid accidents, and cause travellers to feel entire security. It would be well if this example were imitated in the United States, though the discretion should excite a smile in the admirers of the Jehu race. The horrid disasters which so often signalize the manner in which the American stage-coaches are driven, strongly recommend the Irish fashion to our taste. The fare at the Irish inns, appeared to our traveller quite scanty;-"the necessity of making one's tea is awkward enough;"-and fruits of all kinds were rare, (in July,) except, perhaps, gooseberries, currants, and strawberries.

The suburbs of Dublin struck him as extremely picturesque and beautiful, in the approach from Limerick. In that capital he remained less than two days, meaning to visit it a second time; and

therefore, leaving it unscanned, he embarked on board the first. steam-packet sailing for Liverpool. He dwells with rapture on the prospect of Dublin bay, harbour, and town, as he receded in a calm and bright evening. The coup d'œil is indeed magnificent, though not superior, we think, to that of Boston harbour, at the distance of a few miles, in the excursion to Nahant, in fine summer weather. The following account of a Dublin steam-boat is not more tempting than that of a Havana vehicle of the same kind, a picture of which has been lately current in the newspapers:

"Our boat was a second ark, containing all sorts of beasts and creeping things. A considerable part of the cargo was taken in after our arrival at the dock. It consisted, in the first place, of a stratum of horses, something like a hundred in number, occupying the hold. The process of letting them down, struck us as novel. A box sufficiently large to hold a horse is placed upon deck, with a sliding door at each end. The animal is led in, enclosed, and swung down ten or fifteen feet into the hold. A man descends on the moveable stable, to open it and stow away the animal. Above the horses was a stratum of sheep, one hundred and fifty in number, going to the Liverpool market. On the deck were numerous crates of geese, ducks, pigs, and poultry, with all sorts of lumber thrown promiscuously together. To complete the freight, between two and three hundred Irish, consisting of men, women, and children, with their baggage and provisions, were strewed among the rubbish upon the deck of the boat. They were going over to England, with their families, to labour during the harvest.

"When the boat reached the swell, the confusion deepened. Some were drinking, singing, and carousing; others huddled into corners with affright. All sorts of noises were heard, from the gabbling of the geese to the squalling of children. The deck was literally covered, in some spots two or three deep, lying length-wise and cross-wise, with the dying and the dead. A part of them had fallen gallantly by the influence of the bottle, which circulated freely, and was taken by the word of mouth,' to adopt a phrase suited to the theme. Others met a more unwelcome fate, in sinking gradually, from the motion of the ship. There was a glorious uncertainty to which of these causes the sufferer was a vic tim. The cabin passengers were separated from the multitude, occupying the after part of the boat, elevated several feet, and presenting a full view of the field before them. Had any serious accident befallen the ship, the loss of hundreds of lives would have been inevitable, as there were but two small boats on board.

"The Town of Liverpool' is a vessel of about three hundred tons; but as unlike our steam-boats in style and accommodations, as Hyperion to a satyr.There is no forward cabin, and the after one is small and inconvenient. The deck, as already mentioned, is lumbered with freight. Almost the only good point about the packet is her machinery, which is safe, and drives her forward at the rate of about ten miles an hour, consuming in that time something more than a ton of coal. Owing to her promiscuous cargo, the air is a villanous compound, and said to resemble that of a Guinea trader. It is impossible to keep her clean; and we suffered more from bilge-water, or something worse, in crossing the chan. nel, than during the whole passage in the Corinthian."

At Liverpool, Mr. Carter felt himself in all respects "very much at home;" the resemblance between that city and NewYork, being "much more striking, than between remote parts of our own country." In the general bustle and the details of trade, there is, doubtless, a striking similitude; but any person well acquainted with New-York, who has ever been obliged to remain in Liverpool, in the duplicate or triplicate month Plu

viose, with whatever advantages of introduction, must acknowledge, that the American emporium affords many more means of intellectual enjoyment. In the latter, science, literature, taste, liberal and enlightened enterprise, and polished society, are more diffused and accessible. New-York is greatly preferable as a place of residence. The Liverpool docks, unequalled works of the kind, awakened Mr. Carter's admiration, as they do that of every intelligent stranger. Prince's dock, he observes, is the most splendid; and it so happens that this is the rendezvous of vessels from the United States; and he adds, with commendable feeling

"They are decidedly the finest ships in the port, both internally and exter nally. You may tell a Yankee ship as far as you can see her. She sits like a swan upon the water, with her deck forming a beautiful curve, and her bow not so round and full as those of other nations."

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Our author is copious and interesting with regard to the external aspect, and the public edifices and institutions of Liverpool. In noting that the principal place of business is called Goree, a name of African origin," he observes," it should, however, be added, that the inhabitants of Liverpool, have been among the foremost in, the abolition of the slave-trade, which was openly denounced as unjustifiable and barbarous." The traffic was, it is true, so denounced by a few individuals; but the chief resistance to abolition, was made from Liverpool-naturally enough, as that was its focus. We refer for proof, to Clarkson's History, and the debates in Parliament. The Asylum for the Blind, at Liverpool, was not overlooked by our tourist. Would that New-York, or any other city of the United States, could boast of a similar foundation for that description of unfortunate beings, whose proficiency, when properly instructed, in the mathematics, music, and even in the mechanical arts, never fails to excite delight and astonishment! The number of them in the Liverpool Asylum, is one hundred and twenty, "furnished with every thing which can conduce to their welfare and happiness." This charity alone would redeem a multitude of transgressions; it is one of those creations of human beneficence, whose turrets, (to employ the fine figure of Edmund Burke,) pierce the skies like so many electrical conductors to avert the wrath of heaven. Mr. Carter became acquainted with the chief rational phenomenon of Liverpool, Mr. Roscoe, and says, with amiable naiveté, "I was familiar with his writings and philanthropic efforts, before leaving the cloisters of a college; but at that period, little dreamed of ever seeing and taking tea with the admired author of Leo X., the patron of literature and the arts, and above all, the friend of Man." From this really good and justly celebrated person, as from all the Liverpool folks, with whom he had occasion to commune, the tourist received abundant proofs of kindness and

hospitality, for which he pays a proper tribute of grateful acknowledgment. He relates nothing, however, either of the popular historian, or any other individual to whom he was here introduced, which needs to be specially quoted.

From Liverpool, he proceeded to Chester, Manchester, Stockport, Sheffield, before he repaired to town, that is, London, as the provincials speak, when they refer, at whatever distance, to the mighty metropolis. In the course of the ride to Chester, "in several instances, females were observed pitching hay from the cart, with cheeks flushed by the heat of the afternoon and the severity of the toil." Assuredly, the same spectacle is very common in our own country, under a sun much fiercer than that of England. To the antiquities of Chester, which are so curious and prominent, Mr. Carter gave due attention.

"Chester is one of the oldest cities in the kingdom, and its venerable aspect is in a great measure preserved. Its houses are grotesque in the extreme, being a mixture of stone, wood, brick, and mortar, with the gable ends to the street, and embellished with the oddest sculpture imaginable. They are annually tumbling down with absolute old age. Most of them are built in what the inhabitants call the Rows, consisting of a lower tier of rooms under the pavement of the side-walk, which forms the roof of the subterraneous apartments, supported by pillars in front. The shops and dwellings are back of this odd species of arcades, on a level with the walk. At convenient intervals are dark and covered ways leading through the blocks. It was said this construction was adopted against the Welsh, who in turbulent times used to make frequent incursions upon the city, and plunder its inhabitants."

One of his remarks, after quitting Chester, is, that "the English are much greater pedestrians than our countrymen." The fact is of little consequence; but we have our doubts whether the Americans in general, be exceeded by any people, in any form of activity. The majority of them can, indeed, more readily obtain the aid of horses, than the mass of the Britons. At Eaton Hall, the seat of Earl Grosvenor, Mr. Carter saw in the library, "all the writings of Washington Irving," a circumstance which he affirms to be "flattering to our literature,”—“a compliment to American genius"-the greater, we presume, as some of the shelves of his lordship's library were "filled with mock or painted books;" the works of Jeremy Taylor being included in the counterfeit show. If the earl preferred "Knickerbocker," and "Bracebridge Hall," to the Holy Living and Dying, and the sermons of Jeremy, the literary judgment which he evinced, incalculably enhances the value and force of the compliment!

The Letters in which Manchester and the appearances of the other towns visited before the arrival at London, are sketched, contain very little upon which we deem it desirable to dwell. Though Manchester did not strike our traveller as 66 prepossessing," he found some of the streets handsome and all of them much cleaner than could be anticipated from the pursuits of its population. Some of the most thriving and distinguished