Gas Supply and Price Issues: Hearing Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, on Gasoline Supply Problems: are Deliverability, Transportation, and Refining/blending Resources Adequate to Supply Americans at a Reasonable Price?, July 13, 2000, 4. sējumsU.S. Government Printing Office, 2000 - 83 lappuses |
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American Petroleum Institute areas average blending capacity CAVANEY cents per gallon CHAIRMAN Chicago and Milwaukee Chicago-Milwaukee Clean Air Act collusion committee Congress consumers conventional gasoline Cook cost crude oil prices diesel sulfur economic emissions Energy Information Administration energy policy environmental EPA's ergy ethanol RFG Explorer pipeline factors Federal Trade Commission gas prices gaso gasoline prices going heating oil higher impact invest issue June June 12 Kumins levels look mandate ment Midwest Midwest gasoline million barrels MTBE natural gas oil companies OPEC oxygenates ozone percent PERCIASEPE petroleum prepared statement price increases price spikes production RBOB recent reduce refineries refining industry reformulated gasoline region regulations regulatory requirements retail price RFG prices RFG program Senator BAYH Senator THOMAS shortages sulfur sulfur reduction summer supply disruptions supply problems taxes Thank tion U.S. SENATOR Unocal patent VAUGHN volatility waukee wholesale prices
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26. lappuse - The first phase of the federal reformulated gasoline program introduced cleaner gasoline in January 1995 primarily to help reduce vehicle emissions that cause ozone (smog) and toxic pollution in our cities. Unhealthy smog levels are a significant concern in this country, with over 100 million people living in 36 areas currently violating the 1 hour ozone standard.
27. lappuse - ... 1-2 cents to the average cost of RFG I or 47 cents to the average cost of conventional gasoline. Oak Ridge National Laboratory estimated that the average added cost of blending ethanol into RFG II as compared to RFG I was about 1 cent more per gallon. As I have already stated, over the past week, the wholesale price differential between RFG and CG has dropped dramatically in the Chicago/Milwaukee area. We do know that this differential is now in line with differentials observed in other parts...
51. lappuse - DOE/EIA latest report of June 20, 2000. REDUCING IMPACT OF REGULATIONS The government can help reduce the potential for market volatility by making environmental regulations more reasonable and workable. Environmental rules are an important driving force behind our cleaner air and water. But improvements are possible that would give companies more flexibility to adjust to problems that may have temporary impacts on supply and price. The first step is to eliminate unnecessary rules. For example, let's...
26. lappuse - ... thousand tons, and toxic air pollutants by at least 24,000 tons. As required by the Clean Air Act, the first phase of the RFG program began in 1995 and the second phase began in January of this year. As an example of the benefits, in Chicago, EPA estimates that the Phase II RFG program will result in annual reductions of 8,000 tons of smog-forming pollutants and 2,000 tons of toxic vehicle emissions, benefiting almost 8 million citizens in the Chicago area facing some of the worst smog pollution...
53. lappuse - The staff also has 1 This written statement represents the views of the Federal Trade Commission. My oral presentation and response to questions are my own, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Commission or any other Commissioner.
40. lappuse - Ethanol can and should be a more consistent partner with domestic oil companies to provide the incremental additional supplies that are obviously needed. Ethanol is blended with gasoline after the refinery process. Therefore, blending ethanol adds additional volume to the transportation fuel market and helps ease the burden on a refinery sector that barely has the capacity to meet current demand and has no hope for quick expansion.
26. lappuse - The oil industry, states, oxygenate producers and other stakeholders were involved in the development of the RFG regulations in 1991 through a successful regulatory negotiation. EPA published the final regulations establishing the detailed requirements of the two-phase program in early 1994. Thus, the oil companies and other fuel providers have had six years to prepare for the second phase of the program that began this year. In addition, the oil industry has been involved in an EPA RFG implementation...
40. lappuse - The US is gravitating toward a situation in which demand for refined products is overtaking the capability of traditional supply sources. . . . With existing refining capacity essentially full, the US will have to find additional sources to cover the incremental demand.
26. lappuse - As required by the Clean Air Act, the first phase of the RFG program began in 1995 and the second phase began in January of this year. As an example of the benefits, in Chicago, EPA estimates that the Phase II RFG program will result in annual reductions of 8,000 tons of smog-forming pollutants and 2,000 tons of toxic vehicle emissions, benefitting almost 8 million citizens in the Chicago area facing some of the worst smog pollution in the nation. This is equivalent to eliminating the emissions from...
45. lappuse - Cavaney. [The prepared statement of Mr. Cavaney follows:] PREPARED STATEMENT OF RED CAVANEY, PRESIDENT, AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, WASHINGTON, DC I am Red Cavaney, President and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute (API).