NEW PATENT LAW BILL. for the purpose of ascertaining whether any such infringement is there carried on; and that such engineer or engineers, or other person or persons, shall be and is and are hereby authorised to enter such factory, shop, dwelling-house, or other place where such infringement is supposed to be carried on, and to give full effect to such order of inspection as fully and absolutely as if such inspection had been ordered or directed by one of his Majesty's courts of law or equity at Westminster, in an action or suit commenced and pending in such court of law or equity. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for such Judge, if he shall think fit, to order and direct that such engineer or engineers, or other person or persons so to be authorised by him, shall be accompanied on the occasion of such inspection by the under-sheriff of the county or city in which such inspection shall be ordered to be made, or by such other person or persons as such Judge shall think proper; and any person or persons refusing to permit or obstructing the execution of such order, shall be dealt with in the same manner as for a contempt of an order of a court of law or equity at Westminster. And be it further enacted, That the costs of the application for such order of inspection and of carrying the same into effect, shall be borne and paid by the party or parties applying for the same: provided always, That in case any action at law or suit in equity shall be then pending or shall thereafter be brought, commenced, or prosecuted, and a verdict or degree shall be given or made against the party or parties so suspected of infringing such Letters Patent, it shall be lawful for the Judge before whom such action or suit shall be tried or heard, to order and direct that such costs, or any part thereof, shall be paid by the party or parties against whom such verdiet or decree shall be given or made, or to make such other order respecting such costs as he shall think fit. And be it enacted, That in case of an application to his Majesty's Privy Council for the prolongation of the term of any Letters Patent under and by virtue of the said recited Act of the fifth and sixth years of his present Majesty, and upon the report to his Majesty of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in favour of such petition, his Majesty is hereby authorised and empowered, if he shall think fit, to grant new Letters Patent for a term not exceeding fourteen years after the expiration of the first term, any law, custom, or usage to the contrary notwithstanding; provided that no such extension shall be granted if the application by petition shall not be made and prosecuted with effect before the expiration 267 of the term originally granted in such Letters Patent. And be it enacted, That in any action brought against any person for infringing any Letters Patent, the defendant on pleading thereto shall give to the plaintiff, and in every scire facias to repeal such Letters Patent, the plaintiff shall file with his declaration a notice of any objections on which he means to rely at the trial of such action, and no objection shall be allowed to be made on behalf of such defendant or plaintiff respectively at such trial unless he shall prove the notice of such objection: provided always, That it shall and may be lawful for any Judge at chambers, on summons served by such defendant or plaintiff on such plaintiff or defendant respectively, to show cause why he should not be allowed to offer other objections whereof notice shall not have been given as aforesaid, to give leave to offer such objections on such terms as to such Judge shall seem meet. And whereas it is expedient for the greater encouragement of the useful arts and manufactures in these realms to afford some further protection and assistance to the inventors of new and useful improvements, by vesting the property therein in the inventors or proprietors thereof for a limited time; be it therefore enacted, That from and after the one thousand eight hundred and thirty any person who shall invent, design, or contrive, or shall become the proprietor of any invention, design, or contrivance, whereby, in the opinion of such inventor, designer, contriver, or proprietor, some new and beneficial operation or result shall be obtained in any art, science, manufacture, or calling whatsoever, shall, from and after the said have the sole right and property in every such new invention, design, or contrivance for and during the term of twelve calendar months from the time of registering the same as hereinafter mentioned: provided always, That every such inventor, designer, contriver, or proprietor, as shall be desirous of availing himself of the provisions of this Act, shall deposit, or cause to be deposited, in the manner and under the regulations hereinafter set forth, a full, true, correct, and perfect fac-simile, model, or specimen of his said invention, design, or contrivance, with the name and actual place of address of such inventor, designer, contriver, or proprietor attached thereto, in such manner as to the Commissioners or Registrars hereinafter named shall seem expedient, and shall also pay the sum of money in the manner and at the time hereinafter in that behalf mentioned. And be it further enacted, That it shall 268 NEW PATENT LAW BILL. be lawful for his Majesty, his heirs and successors, under his or their royal sign-manual, from time to time to appoint any number not exceeding three Commissioners or Registrars to carry into effect the provisions of this Act, which officers so from time to time appointed shall hold their respective offices during good behaviour, notwithstanding the demise of his Majesty or any of his heirs or successors: provided always, That it shall be lawful for his Majesty, his heirs and successors, to remove any of such officers upon some suffieient reason being found and assigned for such removal. And be it enacted, That the said Registrars shall as soon as conveniently may be after the said approve of and provide some fit and proper place for the reception of all such fac-similes, models or specimens as shall thereafter be deposited in their custody under the provisions of this Act, and shall cause the same to be preserved and exposed to public inspection in as perfect and commodious a manner, and under such rules, regulations, charges, and expenses, as to the said Registrars shall seem fitting and expedient, during the space of twelve calendar months from the time of the deposit thereof respectively, and shall also be entitled to demand from each person who shall be desirous of depositing such fac-simile, model, or specimen under the provisions of this Act, at the time of such deposit, the sum of ten pounds sterling only; and shall also on receipt of such fac-simile, model, or specimen, and of the said sum of ten pounds, give to every such person who shall require or demand the same a certificate of license, to be signed by one or more of the said Registrars, certifying the date of such deposit, together with a general outline or description of such fac-simile, model, or specimen, to which the same shall relate: provided always, That the said Registrars shall be entitled to demand for every such certificate the sum of one shilling only. And be it enacted, That if any other person whatsoever after the said shall at any time during the continuance of the said term of twelve calendar months, bearing date from the day of the deposit of such fac-simile, model, or specimen, either directly or indirectly make, use, vend, or put in practice, or in anywise imitate, counterfeit, or resemble the several inventions, designs, or contrivances, to which the same shall respectively refer, or shall make or cause to be made any addition thereto or subtraction from the same, whereby to pretend himself or themselves the inventor or inventors, designer or designers, contriver or contrivers thereof, without the license or consent in writing of the said person or per sons whose name or names shall appear on the said fac-simile, model, or specimen relating thereto, and deposited as aforesaid, and also in the said certificate of license, or his or their assigns; or if any person shall, upon such thing not having been purchased from the person or persons named in such certificate, or his or their assigns, or not having the license or consent in writing of such person or persons, or his or their assigns, write, paint, print, mould, cast, carve, engrave, stamp, or otherwise mark the word "Licensed," or 66 By the King's License," or any words of the like kind, meaning or import, or with a view of imitating or counterfeiting the stamp, mark or other device of the person or persons so having obtained such certificate of license as aforesaid, or shall in any other manner imitate or counterfeit the stump or mark or other device of such person or persons, he shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty of fifty pounds, to be recovered by action of debt, bill plaint, process, or information in any of his Ma jesty's courts of record at Westminster, or in Ireland, or in the court of session in Scotland, to any person who shall sue for the same: provided always, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to extend to subject any person to any penalty in respect of stamping, or in any way marking the words" Licensed," or "By the King's License," upon any thing made for the sole vending of which a certificate of license bcfore obtained shall have expired: and provided always, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to exempt any person or persons who shall hereafter take advantage of the provisions of this Act from any liability to whith he or they may subject himself or themselves in any action, suit, or other proceeding to which they are now or way hereafter become subject by reason of any infringement or alleged infringement of any invention or contrivance for which his Majesty's royal Letters Patent have been already or may hereafter be obtained: and provided also, That no invention, model, or contrivance for which a certificate of license shall have been granted under the provisions of this Act shall be capable of being made the subject of Letters Patent thereof at any time after the date of such certificate, nor shall the same be capable of being made the subject of a second license thereof under the provisions of this Act. And be it enacted, That it shall be lawful for the said Registrars for the time being to be appointed under the authority of this Act to receive and take the said sums of ten pounds each on every such fac simile, model, or specimen as shall be deposited in their custody under the provisions of this Act; and CORNISH HIGH-PRESSURE also the said sum of one shilling on every such certificate of license as aforesaid; and also such sums of money as shall be received in respect of fees of admission to the public for the inspection of the several fac-similes, models, and specimens, and to apply the amount to be so received by them in payment of such necessary expenses as shall be by them incurred in arranging, preserving, and exposing to public view the several facsimiles, models, and specimens, and account for and pay the surplus thereof at such times and in such manner as to the Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's treasury for the time being shall seem fit. [The second reading of this Bill is fixed for Wednesday, the 20th inst. We shall offer some remarks upon it in our next.-ED. M.M.] Sir,-As I receive the Mechanics' Magazine at the end of each month. I have only just observed a letter in No. 669 from an engineer, Mr. Dickson, impugning in the usual manner the duty of the Cornish high-pressure expanding-engines employed in the mines. The extraordinary incorrectness with which every observation in No. 661 is re-stated, probably may be attributed to carelessness: it is a common mode of evading difficulties, but in all cases demands the strongest reprobation: even the trivial point of the editor's statement, that Cornwall was the nursery of steam-engines, is changed from the past to the present time. The following perversion of the statement made, and the party by whom it was made, is scarcely credible. The editor remarks that the preceding extract, is introductory to a set of tables by Mr. Enys relative to the properties and application of steam :" these tables having been evidently drawn up to prove, as far as practicable, the coincidence of theory and Cornish practice, and that high steam used expansively is the chief cause of the great increase of duty. Now the words in the Polytechnic Report are, "PART of the increase of duty must be attributed to the improved pit-work; the most rapid increase, however, took place on the introduction of a complete system of clothing." How these words became changed into the following-" because, it is stated, that the increase is owing to the improved pit-work, and the system of clothing or casing the cylinders. I am glad the Cornish engineers have give the cause of the great increase, and that it has been accomplished by such simple means"Mr. Dickson alone can answer; and further, why such observations were attributed to the Cornish engineers, when the name of the writer of the paper was inserted in the Mechanics' Magazine? My attention was directed to this subject by Mr. John Taylor's paper in No. 5, I believe, of the Miners Review; in which, from an examination of the mining account books of Dolcoath near Camborne, and also the mines now known as the Consolidated Mines in Gwennap, he proved, by a comparison of two differ ent years with a considerable intervening period, that the quantity of coal paid for by each mine respectively, was found to have decreased in the exact inverse ratio of the reported increase of duty. The water delivered was assumed to have been the same in both years, though Dolcoath had been constantly worked; and from the extension of the levels, and greater depth of the sumps, the water might have increased, most assuredly, not lessened, at the later period. The workings at Consols had also been much extended during the intervening period between the selected years, though some part of it had been stopped, or only partially worked. The evidence of the mining accounts must be first successfully impugned before this fact can be neglected. Mr. Dickson's protest against calculated duty, is, I suspect, equally applicable to the thirty-two millions duty of Watt's best engines. My belief, I repeat, that both are calculated by the same mode, admitting readily that both are subject to the same well-known error of a result higher than the actual delivery of water; and, further, that the average of the ten or dozen of the best Cornish engines, about 70,000,000 rests on quite as good authority as the thirtytwo millions of Watt's engines. A recommendation appeared in another part of my paper, in the Polytechnic Report, that the difference between the computed and actual delivery of water should be ascertained. From my own knowledge I can state, that the Cornish engineers in no way shrink from ascertaining it, or perhaps, more properly speaking, allowing it to be ascertained; but I must own they regard with the utmost apathy the opinions or assertions 270 ON THE USE OF PIPE-CLAY IN WASHING. of engineers of other parts of the kingdom. - The difficulty of measuring water taken up from so many different levels, and delivered at the adit, a cramped wet hole from 10 to 40 fathoms under ground, are greater than seem to be anticipated. At Wheal Darlington, however, near Penzance, which mine is only three feet above high-water mark, the water is raised to the upper floor of the enginehouse from a depth of 80 or 90 fathoms, and used for turning a water-wheel with a dozen or more stamps. The usual liberal offer of a trial has been made to me, and perhaps it may be soon accepted. From the joke about jacketting, I much doubt if the " people in the north-east are up" to clothing-meaning by that term any thing equivalent to Walt's straw ropes and lath and plaster; as, for instance, 4-inch brickwork round the cylinder, surrounded by 10 inches of sawdust in a case of 12-inch deal battens (painted oak in the smaller engines), 21 feet of cinders over the boilers, &c. The opinions of the "parties who well know what is going on in Cornwall," are at variance with those of several engineers and pitmen; and the public may place confidence in whichever party they may choose. Mr. Dickson speaks of his experience and belief of fifty millions, and a little further. When; where; and by what sort of engine would be more satisfactory. Those used in Cornwall are the realisation of the proposals in Watt's well-known parent, in which six schemes for equalising the expansive action are mentioned; a point not only unnecessary, but actually injurious in a pumpingengine. No Cornish engineer will attempt to grind four bushels of wheat with the fuel required to grind one in Watt's engine being aware expansion cannot be carried much, if at all, beyond three times; when the engine acts with a rotative motion against an uniform résistance, he would be satisfied with double duty, coinciding with the theoretical advantage of expansion; and this Mr. Dickson knew, or ought, as an engineer, to have known when he suggested the corngrinding trial. Perhaps lifting stampheads would afford a more accurate criterion of "work performed in pounds one foot high." No error can arise în this case except from improper feeding of the ore to be stamped; and for this a person independent of the engineer always is responsible. 44,435,167 is the duty reported in May by the new stamping-engine at the Charlestown Mines, erected by Mr. James Sims, of Chace water. Two similar engines are soon expected to be at work-one at Wheal Kitty, the other at the Carn-Brea Mines. The late increase in stamping-duty is nearly 20 millions. The effect of the steam-engine competition is well-known from the result of the contest on the Manchester and Liverpool Railway. A similar competition has been silently at work in Cornwall for more than twenty years, and the results are equally remarkable. I must now apologise for so long a letter. Fair play only is asked for the Cornish engineers. I conceive it is for others to disprove the propriety of their following the metho used by Sineaton, and introduced into Cornwall by Watt. 1 remain, &c. Enys, July 4, 1836. JOHN S. ENYS. ON THE USE OF PIPE-CLAY IN WASHING: Sir, I take this opportunity of observing, in respect to the use of pipe-clay in washing, as noticed in the extract from a Dundee paper, at p. 80 in your 665th Number, that the discovery is by no means a new one. t In The detergent properties of pipe-clay, fullers-earth, and other saponaceous clays, have been long known and taken advantage of, both in domestic economy and in various manufacturing processes. the army, and in the navy in particular, pipe-clay has been long and extensively employed in washing and whitening of wearing apparel, and is well known to increase the effect, and reduce the quantity of soap and labour necessary to produce the effect required; although the actual saving of both is somewhat overrated in the article quoted as above. There is no question but that a more extensive diffusion of a correct knowledge of the real properties of these substances, which are in many places exceedingly abundant, will tend to produce increased ELECTRO CURRENTS. economy in the application of two costly materials-soap and labour. I remain yours respectfully, ELECTRIC CURRENTS. At a late meeting of the Royal Society a paper was read "On the reciprocal attractions of positive and negative Electric Currents, whereby the motion of each is alternately accelerated and retarded," by P. Cunningham, Esq., Surgeon, R. N., communicated by Alexander Copland Hutchison, Esq. The following abstract of which we quote from the Athenæum : "The author found that a square plate of copper, six inches in diameter, placed vertically in the plane of the magnetic meridian, and connected with a voltaic battery by means of wires soldered to the middle of two opposite sides of the plate; exhibited magnetic polarities on its two surfaces, indicative of the passage of transverse and spiral electrical currents, at right angles to the straight lines joining the ends of the wires. The polarities were of opposite kinds on each side of this middle line, in each surface; and were reversed on the other surface of the plate. The intensities of these polarities at every point of the surface were greatest the greater its distance from the middle line, where the plate exhibited no magnetic action. The author infers from this and other experiments of a similar kind, that each electric current is subject, during its transverse motion, to alterations of acceleration and retardation, the positive current on one side of the plate, and the negative on the other, by their reciprocal attractions, progressively accelerating each other's motions, as they approach, in opposite directions, the edge round which they have to turn. After turning round the edge their motion will, he conceives, be checked, by coming in contact with the accelerated portions of the opposing currents to which they respectively owed their former increase of velocity; so that the one current will be retarded at the part of the plate where the other is accelerated. To these alternate accelerations and retardations of electric currents during their rogressive motion, the author is disposed to refer the alternate dark and luminous divisions in a platina wire heated by electricity, as was observed by Dr. Barker." 271 machine. The types are imposed upon cylinders, to which they are firmly attached, and of which, except the marginal spaces, they occupy the whole surface. The pressure is given by blanket-covered cylinders of the ordinary construction. The most important advantages of this arrangement are stated to be, first, That as the revolving type cylinder is constantly receiving its ink in one part of its revolution, and constantly impressing the paper in another part, the action of the machine is unceasing; whereby a saving of time of about three parts out of four is obtained in comparison with the ordinary printing machines, when moving at the same velocity; because in those machines the backward motion of the form, and the laying on of the ink, suspend for the time the process of printing. Further, as the motion of the type in this machine is continuous instead of reciprocating, the speed has been increased without difficulty or danger; and by this additional velocity, combined with the saving of time just described, the rate of printing is brought to about ten times that of the ordinary perfecting machines, i. e. those which print the sheet on both sides hefore it leaves the machine. Secondly, the reciprocating motion of the heavy form, inking table, and inking rollers of the ordinary machine entails such a loss of power and time, in comparison of the rotatory motion which is here substituted for it, that it is believed, from careful ob servation, that, notwithstanding the great increase in speed, any given quantity of work will be executed at the expense of about one-eighth of the power required in the ordinary machine. The facilities provided for fixing the type, detaching parts for correction, applying the ink and regulating its supply, are said to be fully equal, if not superior, to those of other machines. Compared with the rapid machines used for printing the daily newspapers, the rotatory machine will print two sheets on both sides with accurate register, while they print one sheet on one side with defective register. NOTES AND NOTICES. We lerr, that the manufacturers of pig-iron in Scotland have come to the resolution of stopping one-ha' f of their smelting furnaces almost immediate ty. The reason for their so doing is the dem.nds of the clliers for a further a ance of wages The present high price of iron will, therefore, in all probability, he mintained for some time to come.,- Glasgow Chronicle. Electrical Experiment.-A salad, consisting of mustar and cress, may be produced in a few minutes by an electric experim nt. The process is to immerse the seed for a few days previously in diluted oxymuriatic acid, then sow it in a very These words are used technically. |