NORTH CAROLINA

513

NORTH DAKOTA

During the year $76,500 was appropriated for improvements at several of the institutions. The State's prison more than supports itself. Receipts for the year were $206,057.27, and expenditures were $181,196.18. Some of the expenditure was for improvements on the State farm.

amount paid to each colored teacher was $113.52. umes. The president is Francis P. Venable, CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. The charitable Ph. D. and correctional institutions in the State, with NORTHCOTE, Sir HENRY STAFFORD NORTIItheir population in 1911, are as follows: COTE, first Baron. An English nobleman and adHospital at Morganton, 1544; hospital at Ra- ministrator, died September 29,1911. He was leigh, 968; hospital at Goldsboro, 951; Danger- born in 1846, the second son of the first Earl of ous Insane Department (in penitentiary Iddlesleigh, who was, before his promotion to grounds), Raleigh, 57; School for the Feeble- the peerage, Sir Stafford Northcote. He was minded, Kinston, not opened; School for the educated at Eton, and Merton College, Oxford. White Deaf, Morganton, 305; School for White Following his graduation from the latter he Blind, Raleigh, 241; School for Colored Blind entered the foreign office as a clerk in 1868. and Deaf, Raleigh, 214; Soldiers' Home (Con- His father, in 1871, went to Washington as one federate), Raleigh, 194; Oxford Orphanage for of the British members of the general commisWhite Children (under Masons, aided by the sion to which was referred the Alabama State), Oxford, 389; Oxford Orphanage for question, and other issues then in dispute beColored Children (chiefly supported by the tween Great Britain and the United States. State), 231; Stonewall Jackson Training Young Northcote accompanied him and subSchool (Reform School), Concord, 60; North sequently visited Canada in 1873. In 1876 he Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Aberdeen, went with Lord Salisbury as private secretary 66; Epileptic Colony at State Hospital, Raleigh, to a conference which sought to arrange for State's Prison, Raleigh, 978. the pacification of the Turkish provinces. At the general election of 1880 he was returned to Parliament for Exeter and he represented that city for nineteen years. After the death of his father in 1887 he was created a baronet, but he did not again hold a parliamentary office. He held several administrative offices, however, and in 1899 he was made governor of Bombay. He was elevated to the peerage under the title of Baron Northcote of Exeter. His administration of the governorship of Bombay was very successful. During his adminis tration occurred several of the great famines which have devastated India in recent years. He took means to alleviate the conditions and was especially praised for his efforts to preserve and increase the herds of cattle which were rapidly disappearing. In 1903 he resigned his office in Bombay after a tenure lasting three yars and nine months, in order to become third governor-general of the Australian commonwealth. He held this post for the full term of five years, beginning in 1904. He was obliged to face many ministerial crises during his administration, but he enjoyed the confidence of the leaders of all parties to an unusual degree. He played no small part in producing a marked growth in the desire for greater imperial unity, which became so conspicuous in Australia during the first decade of the twentieth century. He was eager to promote the development of the commonwealth and traveled widely in order to inform himself at first hand of its needs. Following his return to England he took his seat in the House of Lords in 1909. He was rarely heard in debate, though he contributed useful speeches to the discussion on South African union and the Asiatic immigration question.

The most important act of the legislature of 1911 was the establishment of a school for the feebleminded. A bond issue of $60,000 was made for this purpose. The site has been chosen at Kinston, one thousand acres of land, light, and water for five years being furnished by that town. Dr. Ira M. Hardy is superintendent. This school will take children and adults.

A law was passed prohibiting the placing of stripes on misdemeanants. Commutation time increased for the State prison inmates. There was no change in the policy of administering these institutions.

STATE OFFICERS. Governor, W. W. Kitchin; Lieutenant-Governor, W. C. Newland; Secretary of State, J. B. Grimes; Treasurer, B. R. Lacy; Auditor, W. P. Wood; Attorney-General, T. W. Bickett; Superintendent of Education, J. Y. Joyner; Commissioner of Agriculture, W. A. Graham; Commissioner of Insurance. J. R. Young; Adjutant-General, R. L. Leinster-all Democrats.

JUDICIARY. Supreme Court: Chief Justice, Walter Clark. Justices, George H. Brown, William A. Hoke, William R. Allen, P. D. Walker. Clerk, Thomas S. Keenan-all Democrats.

STATE LEGISLATURE, 1911: Senate, Democrats, 43; Republicans, 7; House, Democrats, 99; Republicans, 20; joint ballot, Democrats, 142; Republicans, 27; Democratic majority, Senate, 36; House, 79; joint ballot, 115.

The representatives in Congress will be found in the article UNITED STATES, Congress.

NORTH CAROLINA, UNIVERSITY OF. An institution of higher learning at Chapel Hill, N. C., founded in 1789. The students enrolled in the various departments of the university in 1911-12 numbered 787. The faculty numbered 84. There were no notable changes among the members of the faculty during the year. The invested funds of the university amounted to $215,000, and the income to $172,000. During the year there were erected medical laboratories at a cost of $50,000, a dormitory at a cost of $50.000, and a school of education at a cost of $40,000. The library contains about 60,000 vol

The

NORTH DAKOTA. POPULATION. Thirteenth Census showed a population in the State in 1910 of 577.056, compared with 319,146 in 1900. The principal cities with their population in 1910 and 1900 are as follows (the figures in parentheses are for 1900): Fargo, 14,331 (9589); Grand Forks, 12,478 (7652); Minor, 6188 (1277); Bismarck, 5443 (3319).

MINERAL PRODUCTION. The coal production in the State in 1910 amounted to 399,041 short tons, valued at $595,139. This is a slight decrease from the production of 1909. All the coal produced in the State is lignite and does not enter into competition with the coals of other States except as these are brought into the North Dakota markets.

EDUCATION. The enrollment in the schools of the State in 1910 was 135,203. Of these 70,018 were boys and 65,095 were girls. The average daily attendance was 88,139. The number of male teachers employed during the year was 1440, and female teachers, 5118. average monthly salary of male teachers $58.41 and of female teachers, $49.28. average salary for both was $50.28.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

The

was
The

his

The year was uneventful in the political tory of the State. The legislature met and passed several important measures. These are noted in the paragraph Legislation, below. In January the legislature reëlected Porter J. McCumber United States senator, and chose A. J. Gronna, formerly a congressman, to serve for the unexpired term of Senator Johnson, who died in the latter part of 1909. Fountain L. Thompwas first appointed to fill this vacancy caused by Senator Johnson's death, after serving a few months he resigned and the gov ernor appointed W. E. Purcell, who served until the legislature elected Senator Gronna, who had been nominated for the unexpired term in the senatorial primaries. There were no elections in the State during the year.

son

The sensation of the year in politics was the attempt of Governor Burke and a portion of the Republican party to impeach John F. Cowen, the judge of the Devils Lake district. The State senate was in special session for about two months on this case, and the accused was found not guilty on every one of the hundred or more counts brought against him. The expenses

of this trial reached about $100,000.

LEGISLATION. The important measures passed by the legislative session of 1911 included the following: A juvenile court was created, similiar to that which has been for some time in operation in Colorado. A measure was passed materially raising the standards of the medical profession in the State. The study required preliminary to taking a State examination is two years of college and four years of medical school work. An exception is made in the case of an osteopath who, though not allowed to administer drugs, may perform minor surgical operations. The osteopaths have a separate board of examiners, and the only preliminary education required is a two years' course in one of their high schools. Cities are authorized to adopt the socalled commission form of government with the initiative, referendum, and recall features. A very drastic anti-lobbying bill was passed. A resolution was adopted for submission to the people, which seeks to amend the constitution of the State so as to provide a general system of

JUDICIARY. Supreme Court: Chief Justice, David E. Morgan; Justices, Charles J. Fisk, B. F. Spalding, E. T. Burke, E. B. Goss; Clerk, R. D. Hoskins-all Republicans, except Fisk.

STATE LEGISLATURE, 1911: Senate, Republicans, 44; Democrats, 5; House, Republicans, 87; Democrats, 13; joint ballot, Republicans, 131; Democrats, 18; Republican majority, Senate, 39; House, 74; joint ballot, 113.

The representatives in Congress will be found in the article UNITED STATES, Congress.

NORTH DAKOTA (SHIP). See BATTLE

SHIPS.

NORTH DAKOTA, UNIVERSITY OF. An institution of higher learning at Grand Forks, N. D., founded in 1883. The number of students enrolled in all departments in 1910-11 was 967. Of these 169 were in the College of Liberal 40 in the College of Mechanical and Electrical Arts; 45 in the College of Mining Engineering; in the Law School; 18 in the course in civil Engineering; 39 in the School of Medicine; 64 engineering; 113 in the Teachers' College; and 7 in the graduate department. The faculty numbered 23 professors, 1 associate professor, 14 assistant professors, 32 instructors, 13 lecturers, and 6 student assistants. Dr. Harley E. French was appointed professor of anatomy and dean of the School of Medicine, and Roger W. Cooley was appointed professor of law in the Law School. The total property of the univer sity amounts to $2,430,000. Two new buildings were completed during the year, one for the Teachers' College and the other for the university commons. A new department of ceramics and a course for nurses were established. The university maintains a quarterly publication known as The Quarterly Journal of the Univer The library contains sity of North Dakota. about 45,000 volumes. The president is Frank L. McVey.

NORTHERN NIGERIA. A British west African protectorate. Area (official estimate), 255,700 sq. miles. Population (rough estimate 1908), 7,164,751. Europeans (1909), 544 (death-rate per 1000, 23.89). The Fulani, Hausas, and other prominent tribes are Mohammedans; the rest, pagans. Cattle- and horse-raising are carried on by the Fulani in the north. Forest products are collected by the natives and bartered to the Nigeria and other companies for earthenware, hardware, and cotton goods. Other products are fruits, rubber, kola nuts, cotton, tobacco, capsicums, peanuts, etc. Iron, potash, and tin are mined. As much of the trade is by barter, complete export statistics are unavailable; a large part of the imports

NORTHERN NIGERIA

515

NORWAY

are consigned to the ports of Southern Nigeria. 986.40 sq. kilometers; water, 13,000.17; total, Declared imports for 1909, £909,905; exports, 322,986.57 sq. kilometers, or 124,707 sq. miles. £309,742. Railways open (1910), 130 miles Population (census of December 1, 1910), 2,392,(see SOUTHERN NIGERIA); telegraphs, 2297. 698 (1900, 2,240,032). Marriages (1909), 14,Revenue (local) and expenditure 1909-10, £213,- 051; births, 61,234; deaths, 31,641; emigrants, 436 and £566,843 respectively; 1910-11, £274,990 16,281. Christiania had (census of December 1, and £565,760. Grant-in-aid 1910-11, £200,000; 1910), 243,801 inhabitants (227,626 in 1900); 1911-12, £286,158. Southern Nigeria contrib- Bergen, 76,917 (72,251); Trondhjem, 45,228 utes £70,000 annually in addition. Governor (38,180); Stavanger, 37,118 (30,613); Dramand commander-in-chief, Sir H. Hesketh Bell. men, 24,904; Fredriksstad, 15,624; Christian See EXPLORATION. sand, 15,154; Christiansund, 13,012.

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY. An

institution of higher learning at Evanston and Chicago, Ill., founded in 1851. The number of students enrolled in the various departments of the university in 1910-11 was 4705. The faculty numbered 388. During the year Dr. Albert H. Wilde, professor of history in the College of Liberal Arts, resigned to become president of the University of Arizona. Other resignations were those of Dr. Alfred N. Richards, professor of pharmacology; Dr. James M. Neff, associate professor of surgery; Dr. Fred Wilbur Thyng, assistant professor of anatomy. Charles E. Hammett was appointed director of athletics in the College of Liberal Arts; Dr. Hugh McGuigan professor of pharmacology, and Mr. George A. Grant-Schaefer instructor in voice culture. The total benefactions received during the year amounted to $288,175. This includes the endowment of $250,000 by Mr. James A. Patten for research in the Medical School, and $8064 by Judge E. R. Gary for the library of the Law School. The amount of the productive funds of the university is $4,622,751 and the income from all sources is $714,000. The library contains 145,000 volumes. The president is Abram W. Harris, LL. D.

EDUCATION, ETC. Public elementary schools (1907): 5970 rural, with 275,155 pupils; 2808 town classes, with 90,129. Total expenditure on primary instruction (1907), 12,293,000 kroner (state, 3,969,000). Secondary schools, 91, with (1907-8), 15,563 pupils. Communal and private schools, 91, with 3690 pupils. Normal schools, 10, with 902 students. The University of Christiania had 1550 students in 1909. Primary instruction is compulsory. The evangelical Luthern is the national and only state-endowed church, though all creeds (excepting Jesuitism) are tolerated.

AGRICULTURE. Of the total area, 3.5 per cent. only is under cultivation; 21.5 is under forest, and 75 is unproductive. The following table gives the final returns of cereal area and production in 1911 as compared with 1910, and the yield per hectare in 1910:

The total cereal crop in 1909 was valued at 37,506,200 kroner; the potato crop, at 30.652,000; the hay crop (2,903,237 tons), at 130,645,

700.

The staple crops are as follows in thousands of kilograms (a=sown; b = harvested; c = imported; d= exported):

NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES, THE. All that part of British North America not included within the provinces, the Yukon territory, or the colony of Newfoundland and its dependencies; composed of the districts of Keewatin, Mackenzie, Ungava, and Franklin. Area, 1,933,715 sq. miles; population census of June 1, 1911, 16,951. The country is administered by the comptroller of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (1911, Lieut.-Col. Frederick White), who is the commissioner for the territories, with Wheat a. full executive, legislative, and administrative powers. He is aided by a council of not more than four members. The seat of government is Ottawa, Ont. See CANADA.

in

Rye

b.

8,846

7,876

8,955

8,501

44

C. d.

75,746

101,174

87,154

89,531

942

a.

1,923

b.

22,082

454 1,923 20,877

255

1,277

253,422

1,401

4,687 7,146

9,133

8,063

63,376

98,227 404 22,961 177,334

120,79
963
22,961
123,044

23,870 198,825 11,560

23,870

154,711

18,728

5,645
234

456 79,862 430,221 5,495 413

Potatoes

NORTON, CHARLES STUART. A rear-admiral retired, of the United States navy, died June 24, 1911. He was born in Albany, N. Y., 1836 and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1855. He served throughout the Civil War and in 1862 was promoted to the Oats a.. rank of lieutenant-commander. He was made commander in 1880 and captain in 1881. In 1898 he was promoted to the rank of rearadmiral. During the Civil War he participated in the blockade of Charleston, S. C., and in several engagements. He was present at the battle of Port Royal. After the war he commanded several vessels and served on the board of inspection and survey. In 1894-96 he was rear-admiral, commanding the South Atlantic station. From 1896 to 1898 he commanded the Washington navy yard and station. In the latter year he was retired by operation of law. NORWAY. A constitutional monarchy of northern Europe. Capital, Christiania.

AREA AND POPULATION. Land area, 309,

282

Livestock 1907 as compared with 1900: 172,468 horses (172,999 in 1900), 1,094,101 cattle (950,201), 1,393,488 sheep (998,819), 296,442 goats (214,594), 318,556 swine (165,348), 142,623 reindeer (108,784).

FISHERIES, ETC. In the cod fisheries, 21,001 vessels were engaged in 1909; dories, 10,403; persons, 93,638. The catch (56,207,800 hectoliters) was valued at 18,145,600 kroner; the

herring catch (2,674,000 hectoliters) at 9,903,000; mackerel (14,931,163), at 1,394,000; whiting and so forth, at 7,397,200; salmon and sea trout (850,039 kilograms), at 1,208,100; lobsters (1,249,533), at 1,148,000; oysters, at 10,300; making a total value in 1909 of 39,206,100 kroner.

Persons engaged in mining (1908), 6174; output from all mines, 470,378,000 kilograms; value, 10,339,000 kroner. The metallic industries employed 21,651 persons; paper mills, 12,250; textile industries, 10,309.

COMMERCE. The trade as given below shows imports, exports of Norwegian produce, and reexports, and total exports (in thousands of kroner):

240,077

The national debt stood, June 30, 1910, at 329,298,353 kroner.

ARMY. The army of Norway was still in Total process of reorganization in accordance with the 264,326 legislation of 1909, which provided for compul253,101 sory service in the national militia, maintained 172,946 on a skeleton, or "cadre," basis. There is a ligne in which there is 12 years of service, a Landvaern with 8 years' service, and a Landstorm where service up to the age of 50 years is required. The army is made up of volunteers and of those serving for various short periods of time, amounting usually to 72 days for the infantry, and 126 days yearly for the artillery. With the first line filled up the armed strength for service beyond the frontier is estimated at about 30,000, while a total of 70,000 men could be mobilized. The regiment is the unit, but there is also a brigade organization which permits of easier mobilization.

The principal articles of special trade are in 1909 in thousands of kroner as follows: Imports -cereals, 64,300; textiles, 40,600; oils, 32,600; colonial products, 31,300; coal, 30,200; minerals, 24,700; metal manufactures, 21,500; skins, etc., 17,300; metals, 16,600; yarns, 11,700; animals, etc., 13,400. Exports-animals, etc., 84,100; wooden wares, 42,600; timber, 34,800; minerals, 25,300; paper, etc., 22,000; skins, etc., 15,000; oils, 9000; metals, 4400; cereals, 3400; textiles, 1500; miscellaneous, 16.700.

Following are the principal countries of origin and destination, with the value of their trade in 1909 in thousands of kroner: Germany, imports 117,223 and exports 46,565; Great Britain, 89,323 and 85,145; Sweden, 41,687 and 16,817; Denmark, 19,739 and 5980; Russia, 28,484 and 9844; United States, 28,306 and 18,986; Netherlands, 12,878 and 8391; Belgium, 12,093 and 9212; France, 9473 and 12,401.

The merchant marine, January 1, 1909, included 5742 sailing vessels, of 725.392 tons; 2810 steamers, of 855,154. Vessels entered (1909), 10,684, of 4,466,009 tons; cleared, 11,181, of 4,546,810.

COMMUNICATIONS. Miles of railway in operation (1911), 1849. The state owns the majority of the railroads, and projects the construction of new lines as follows: Otta-Dombaas, to be opened 1912; Aamli-Tveitsund, 1913; the Dovre Railway, 1916; Kongsberg-Gvarv-Notodden, 1918; Myrdal-Fretheim, 1919; Gvarv-Kragero, 1922; and Sunan-Grong, 1922. Cost of construction to be in the neighborhood of 60,700,000 kroner. State telegraph and telephone lines (officially reported together, 1909), 11,725 miles; stations, 1052. Post offices, 3307.

FINANCE. The krone (worth 26.8 cents) is the unit of value. Financial statistics are given for three successive years in the table below, in kroner:

Revenue
Expenditure

1908-9+

1907-8* 1909-10† .114,936,824 144,588,364 122,243,829 ..108,118,864 137,459,221 116,751,005 To March 31, 1908. To June 30, 1909 and 1910.

NAVY. The number of effective vessels in 1911 was 59, of 29,920 aggregate tons, detailed as follows: 4 coast defense vessels (16,300 aggregate tons), 2 monitors (3500), 3 first-class gunboats

(3250), 8 second-class gunboats (2270), 2 torpedo-boat destroyers (1100), 1 torpedo dispatch boat (410), 10 first-class torpedo boats (1020), 27 second-class torpedo boats (1840), 1 third-class (30), 1 submarine (200).

The plan submitted to the Storthing by the committee of defense (December, 1910), provided for the construction of 8 ironclads, 6 destroyers, 40 torpedo boats, 12 submarines, 4 gunboats, and 10 miscellaneous vessels. In 1911 3 destroyers and 1 torpedo boat were building. Another submarine has been authorized. Personnel, about 3400.

GOVERNMENT. The executive is vested in the king (in 1911, Haakon VII.), acting through a council of state. The representative Storthing, composed of the Lagthing and the Odelsthing, is the legislative body. The council (constituted February 1, 1910) was composed in 1911 as follows: Premier and Minister of State, W. Konow; Foreign Affairs, J. Irgens; Worship and Instruction, J. Qvigstad; Justice, H. Scheel; Commerce, Navigation, and Industry, B. Braenne; Agricul ture, B. Holtsmark; Public Works, H. DarreJenssen; Finance, A. Berge; Defense, Col. S. Bull.

HISTORY. During the session of the Storthing, which ended August 9, the most discussed measure was that concerning the improvement of the lakes and water courses. The Left demanded that such improvements should eventually revert to the state, while the Conservatives held that this was an infringement on the right of private property. The government measure did not provide for the state's recovery of possession, but in view of the opposition to it it was referred to 20,979 an extraordinary commission, which framed a

The 1909-10 budget is detailed as follows:

Rev.

Customs

Railways

Indirect taxes

1000 kr. Expend.
1000 kr.
48,909 Public Works.... 36,222
19,994 Finance
20,983

9,376 Defence

NORWAY

517

OBERLIN COLLEGE

Spanish yield in 1911 was 350,815,000 bushels, an increase of 5.5 per cent. over 1910, which was due mainly to a larger acreage. The production of the United Kingdom in 1911 was 194,270,000 bushels, which was 9.5 per cent. below the previous year's production, while the acreage had decreased only a little over 1 per cent. Austria yielded 156,630,000 bushels and Hungary including Crotia and Slavonia 90,200,000 bushels in 1911. The yield in Austria was 10 per cent. above last year's crop, and the yield of the other three countries 28 per cent. higher, due partly to larger acreages and partly to a better yield. A more complete list of yields by countries is given under AGRICULTURE.

compromise bill which was finally accepted. Another measure that was passed in this session was that relating to the direct taxes. The municipal taxes were heavier than those of the state, and in some localities were steadily increasing. The new law limited the share of the communes in the revenue to 10 or 12 per cent. It also required the taxpayers to render an exact report of their income and fortune, under severe penalty for intentional misrepresentation. For the first time in the history of the Storthing a woman held a seat in Parliament. Mlle. Anna Rogstad was elected as supplementary deputy and sat in the Storthing for a short time during the absence of a deputy from Christiania. NOTE ISSUES. See BANKS AND BANKING. In the United States the oat crop suffered in NOVA SCOTIA. A maritime province of nearly every section of the country in which it the Dominion of Canada. Capital, Halifax was grown and in no other country was the (population, preliminary returns, census of reduction in yield so great. In general, lack of April, 1911, 46,081). Area, 21,428 sq. miles. moisture and high temperature coming either Population (1911 final), 492,338. The province singly or in combination at critical times during is administered by a lieutenant-governor the period of growth caused the injury. Only (in 1911, appointed October 18, 1910, James few sections produced a normal crop and over Drummond McGregor), a lieutenant-governor, a large portion of the oat-growing territory not appointed by the governor-general of Canada. even a fair yield was secured. A large acreage He is aided by an executive council (responsible of the crop was cut for hay when it became ministry), and a legislature of two houses-the apparent that the hay crop also would be one Legislative Council (17 appointed members) and of the shortest on record. This practice reduced the Legislative Assembly (38 elected members). the average yield per acre as the average is Premier in 1911, George Murray. See CANADA. figured on the acreage seeded, and no determinaNUTRITION STUDIES. See FOOD and Nu- tion of the acreage not harvested for grain was made. The dry weather produced the greatest reduction in yield in South Dakota, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri. The total crop of the United States in 1911 was only 922,298,000 bushels, as compared with 1,186,341,000 bushels in 1910. The acreage of 1911 was 37,763,000, the highest on record. The total value of the crop, based on the average farm value of 45 cents per bushel on December 1, 1911, was $414,663,000, also the highest value on record. The leading States and their yields in 1911 were as follows: Iowa, 126,225,000 bushels; Illinois, 121,536,000 bushels; Minnesota, 67,214,000 bushels; Wisconsin, 67,050,000 bushels; Ohio, 54,570,000 bushels, and North Dakota, 51,230,000 bushels. The average yield for the entire country was 24.4 bushels per acre in 1911 and 31.6 bushels in 1910. The highest average yield for any State was 51.7 bushels per acre, which was secured in Washington.

TRITION.

NYASSALAND PROTECTORATE. A British African dependency, with an area of 43.608 sq. miles; population (1910 estimate), 587 Europeans (mostly in the Shiré province), 435 Asiatics, and about 922,000 natives. Capital, Zomba. The chief town is Blantyre, with about 200 Europeans and 6000 natives. Pupils enrolled in mission schools, 96,000. The main crops are coffee (in the Shiré province), of which in 1909-10 748,410 pounds were exported; tobacco, 1,084,757 pounds exported; cotton, 858,296 pounds grown; tea, 36,281 pounds exported. Livestock, mostly native-owned, in 1909-10: 57,658 cattle, 17,840 sheep, 111,973 goats, 14,221 swine. Imports and exports (1910-11), £193,490 and £147,340, exclusive of transit.

Revenue and expenditure (1910-11), £94,980 and £112,369. Grant-in-aid in 1909-10, £30,000. Miles of railway, 113. Steamers ply the lake and the rivers. A telegraph line connects with Ujiji, on Lake Tanganyika. Governor and commander-in-chief (1911), Col. Sir. W. H. Man

OATS. The world's oat crop in 1911 was about 10 per cent. short of the crop of 1910. The heaviest reductions in yield occurred in the United States, Russia, Rumania, and the United Kingdom. This shortage was generally due to dry weather and excessive heat at a critical time in the growth of the crop. The International Institute of Agriculture at Rome reports the total production in 20 countries of the northern hemisphere at 3,746,493,000 bushels in 1911 and at 4,122,825,000 bushels in 1910. The area devoted to oats in the two years was about the same. Russia, which rivals the United States in leadership, produced 858,356,000 bushels in 1911 and 1,045.991.000 bushels in 1910. Germany yielded 530.764,400 bushels in 1911 and 544.286,500 bushels in 1910, the acreage in 1911 being the greater by about 95,000. The

In

OBERLIN COLLEGE. An institution of higher learning, at Oberlin, O., founded in 1833. The students enrolled in the various departments in 1910-11 numbered 2043, divided as follows: College of arts and sciences, 1004; theological seminary, 71; conservatory of music, 479; academy, 539; drawing and painting, 70; summer session, 60. During the year Prof. Charles Nelson Cole, Ph. D., was elected to the office of dean of the college of arts and sciences. the theological seminary was erected a new chair of comparative religion, occupied by Prof. F. S. MacLennan. The year saw the completion of a half million dollar fund to which two years of effort had been given. This includes one gift from an anonymous donor of $200,000, another of $125,000 from the general education board, one of $50,000 from an anonymous donor, and one of $40,000 from Dr. L. C. Warner. About half the fund will be used for endowment. The system of professional athletic coach was abolished and a recent graduate was employed as instructor in physical training and as athletic coach. This officer has been made a regular