also many diversified features. Raised mountain regions, rocky hills of granite, sandstone, limestone, or gypsum; deep ravines, breaking into huge cliffs; vast depressions of land, and broad valleys, forming temporary lakes when rain is abundant; immense barren plains of sandy, pebbly, or hard soil, intersected by beds of former rivers; large tracts of sand hills, rising to considerable proportions, form the character of the face of the Sahara. The rare clusters of life called oases, so distinctly scattered throughout the dead waste of the Sahara. are unconnected by any road or any regular means of communication, and are only visited by caravans three or four times a year. Each is a little world in itself, like an island in the midst of a trackless sea. They are generally situated in a depression of land or valley where water may be more easily procured by natural or artificial means. In the winter, running streams are filled, and if rain has been somewhat abundant, even small lakes are formed round the oases, which, however, like nearly all the rivers of the Sahara, may be crossed dry-shod in summer. But "necessity is the mother of invention," and the people of these isles of the desert prove in their system of waterworks that, although isolated from the world, they are not without ingenuity. They provide for their streams subterranean beds, which are roofed over with flat stones and covered with sand, which absorbs the sun's rays and keeps the water from evaporating. The depth at which water is found varies considerably. The subterranean sheet is generally found at a depth of five to fifteen feet, and the artesian wells touch water at from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet deep. I observed in general that the deeper the artesian wells were, the less saline was the water. Will the Sahara, at some future time, be fertilized? It may be if the proposed Trans-Sahara Railroad be constructed, and if the process of irrigation by artesian wells inaugurated by the French in the northern part continue to be successful. Besides vast tracts can be wooded with natural forests, for many trees and plants are indigenous to the climate. And as a matter of course the wider and denser the forest area, the more rain will be attracted. But to achieve a peaceful settlement of this great desert, it will be necessary to put a stop to the depredations of the Arab nomads and Tuariks, those bitter enemies of colonization, who live in the desert wastes like tigers in their dens, considering it as their traditional property, their safeguard and natural refuge against the northern invaders. The establishment of a rapid means of transport to replace the slow "ship of the desert," as the natives term the camel, is the first step to be taken. A trans-Saharan railway is the only factor with which we can break through all the natural obstacles. This medium will give a formidable impulse to commerce. It will reveal to those barbaric tribes the existence of another world, and of a civilization which they ignore, and bring them, perforce, into direct contact with the civilized world. ACCIDENTS TO ALPINE-CLIMBERS IN 1892. Alpine Journal, London, November. THE HE accidents of the past year, above the snow-line, were not many in number, as compared with those of some recent years; but a remarkable feature of them is the high proportion of cases in which the whole party perished, making it impossible for the exact cause and place of the disaster to be ascertained. That only one Englishman lost his life this year in the Alps is a subject for congratulation among ourselves—pace the French writer (if we mistake not), who called the expression of a similar sentiment a year or two ago un peu trop John Bull," or words to that effect. So many, and so full, accounts of Mr. Nettleton's death have appeared that it is only necessary here to record the fact that it took place on Aug. 25, between the Aiguille and the Dome du Goûter, as the result of expos ures during many hours to a storm; and to repeat, with emphasis, the remarks made by Mr. C. E. Mathews, in a letter to the Times, that it was the extreme of imprudence for the guides to have left the hut on the Aiguille in the face of the impending storm. If they could not tell that a storm was impending, it speaks ill for their qualification to be guides at all. On some day between July 25-when the party left Fendand Aug. 1, when the bodies were found, Father Eugen Zelnicek, a Cistercian monk, and his guide Rochus Raffeiner, of Karthaus, lost their lives on the Spiegelkogel, it would seem by the breaking of a cornice. Raffeiner was a local guide of considerable experience; but it seems as if nothing would impress the danger of cornices on the mind of the average Tyrolese. The accident on the Similaun in June, 1890, was of just the same kind. In the present instance the bodies were only found owing to the accident of a tourist catching sight of them through a telescope from the neighboring Ramolkogel. On Aug. 14 three tourists from Saxony started for the Alpeiner Ferner, in the Stubai Thal, without a guide, probably intending to cross the Schwarzenberg Joch. At some point, spoken of merely as the "Oberer Berg," they fell from rocks, with the result that one was killed and the other two severely injured. As there is no spot on the Schwarzenberg Joch where any catastrophe of the kind would be at all likely, they would seem to have lost their way. On Aug. 18, Herr Brock, of Berlin, started from Degioz for Grivola, with the guides François Bich and Adriea Proment. Another party, who made the ascent on the following day, found traces of them on the summit. Descending on the E. side, they saw nothing to suggest that an accident had taken place; and as no one at Cogne had any reason to expect the arrival of Herr Brock's party, no surprise was excited by its non-arrival. The first alarm seems to have been given by Mme. Brock, who received no news of her husband, and Proment's father, who was anxious about his son. Finally, the elder Proment, accompanied by the clergymen of Cogne and several guides, went on the 29th in search of the missing men, and finally discovered their bodies under a mass of snow and rocks -actually, it would appear, in a snowbridge over the bergschrund, at the foot of the great couloir, on the eastern face of the final peak. It is thought that, being belated, they may have been hurrying down this way with insufficient caution, and so have started an avalanche, or possibly, a spontaneous fall of stones brought about the disaster. The Fünffingerspitze, in the Langkofee group, the ascent of which has become fashionable in the last two years, has already claimed its victims. On Sept. 6 Herr Egon Stücklen, of Stuttgart, with Josef Innerkofler (a kinsman of Michel Innerkofler, who lost his life in 1888 on the Cristallo) started from St. Ulrich to make the climb. As they had not returned by nightfall, a search was instituted, with the result that on the following morning the bodies of traveler and guide were found at no great distance from the col between the Fünffingerspitze and the Grohmannspitze. We understand that a good deal of new snow was lying about at the time, and it would seem that Innerkofler, who was a bold and successful climber, cannot be acquitted of rashness in taking a tourist up the Fünffingerspitze in the existing state of the rocks. An accident, of which we have seen no details, is alleged to have occurred on the Grand Casse early in July. Two officers of the Alpine Chasseurs, with an adjudant and a private soldier, appear to have been struck by a mass of ice on that mountain. One of the officers, Lieutenant Porcher, and the adjudant, Rosier, were killed. These appear to have been all the specifically Alpine accidents during the past summer; but there has been the usual series of disasters in the lower regions, from "picking edelweiss," and the like, for which we must refer readers to the columns of the Revista, the Oesterreichische Alpen- and the Touristen-Zeitungen, and other periodicals. Books. COLUMBUS AND HIS DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. By Herbert B. Adams, Ph.D., and Henry Wood, Ph.D., Professors in the Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Tenth Series X.-XI. 8vo, pp, 88. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. 1892. [The long list of publications about Columbus in this Celebration year is probably closed with the present work, of which the contents are an Oration by Professor Herbert B. Adams on "Columbus and his Discovery of America," delivered in October last at the Peabody Institute, Baltimore; a very brief “Oration by Professor Henry Wood" on "The Discovery of America," delivered at Baltimore in October; an extract from an article in The Menorah Monthly, on "The First Jew in America," who, it is alleged, sailed with Columbus on his first voyage, and whose name was Rodrigo Sanchez; two Appendices by Charles Weathers Bump, one," Bibliographies of the Discovery of America," the other, a descriptive list of Public Memorials to Columbus," in the United States and elsewhere. We give what Professor Adams has to offer in support of a claim that Baltimore was the first city in the United States in which was erected a monument to Columbus, it being uncertain whether the monument was raised to a man or a horse.] IN N 1792, Baltimore was the only American city possessing a monument in honor of the discoverer of the New World. This monument now stands on the grounds of the Samuel Ready Asylum, between North Avenue and the Hartford Road. It is an obelisk, forty-four feet and four inches high. The base is six feet and a half square; the top is about two and a half feet square. The monument is made of brick and mortar, stuccoed or cemented on the outside, so that it has the appearance of gray sandstone. Some of our resident Baltimoreans are not quite sure whether this modest shaft was not erected by Zenos Barnum in memory of a favorite horse; but others who are better informed indignantly reject such a shallow and vulgar tradition. The balance of probability is overwhelmingly against the notion of a horse named Christopher Columbus dying on the 12th of October, 1792, on the three hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America. The inscription on the west side of this monument is engraved upon a marble slab, and reads as follows: SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF CHRIS COLUMBUS OCTOB. XII MDCCVIIIC. The Roman numerals VIII are placed before the final C to indicate that they are to be subtracted from one hundred, thus leaving the date 1792. This archaic inscription is of itself sufficient evidence of the honest and historic purpose of the man who erected the monument. The managers of the Samuel Ready Asylum have a record of the ownership of their estate which has been traced back through Baltimore land records as far as 1787. In 1789 the property came into the possession of Charles Francis Adrian le Paulmier Chevalier d'Anmour. To some critics and scoffers the unconscionable length of this name and a popular corruption of it into the form D'Amour have made it seem fictitious, but the Chevalier d'Anmour was an historic character, who ought never to have been forgotten in a local history. He was the first French Consul in Baltimore. He is mentioned in the Journals of Congress as far back as October 27, 1778. In the Journals the name is spelled in various ways,—D'Anemours, D'Annemours, and D'Anmour. The Baltimore Advertiser of December 21, 1782, announces his marriage to Miss Julia De Rocour, a young Lady lately arrived from the West Indies." It is clear from the land records of Baltimore that the French Consul acquired the property upon which the monument stands in 1789, and held it until 1796, when it passed into the hands of Archibald Campbell. In the library of the Maryland Historical Society there may be seen a framed map of Baltimore, printed in 1801, showing the Campbell estate, and upon it a picture of the monument. This simple fact ought to discredit forever the almost popular tradition of a monument Sacred to the Memory" of Zenos Barnum's horse. The Campbell estate did not come into the posession of the Barnum family until 1833-more than forty years after the monument was erected. The inscription, October 12, 1792, on a monument erected upon D'Anmour's own land and near his own house, ought to be taken at its face value, as demonstrating the historic commemoration, by the generous and public-spirited Chevalier, of the tercentenary of the discovery of America. The very existence of the monument, with its marble tablet and historic inscription, proves that its founder was an admirer of Columbus, and a friend of the land potentially discovered three centuries before. ADMIRAL FARRAGUT. By Captain A. T. Mahan, U. S. Navy. With Portrait and Maps. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1892. [However much we may deprecate war in the abstract, and however strong the tendency to relegate the battle instinct to a back place in time of peace, there is deep down in all of us an inborn admiration for the leader of men, who, in the chances of war, forces his way to the front, and contributes his meed to a decision of the issue, especially if that issue is in favor of his country or party. The Civil War brought forth many such leaders whose names will long live in history; and, although it was essentially a military campaign, the part played by the navy, although subordinate, was by no means inconspicuous. ADMIRAL FARRAGUT, who may certainly claim to rank as one of the first, if not as the first, of our naval heroes, was a Southerner by birth, having been born at Knoxville, Tennessee. His early associations, too, were all Southern, and his wife was a Virginian; but he had fought under the Stars and Stripes, since at ten years of age, he joined the Essex in 1811, and no sectional differences could make him for a moment waver in his allegiance to the honored flag. In that crisis, however, the Government at Washington was hardly prepared to take any Southern man on credit. His first employment after the outbreak of the war was as a member of a board to recommend officers for retirement from active service. More suitable employment, however, was in store. The necessity of controlling the Mississippi Valley was promptly realized by the United States Government, and, although it was designed to render the flotilla a mere arm of the land forces, and subject to the orders of the General commanding, it was clearly realized that a man of more than average determination and vigor was needed for the enterprise. The choice fell on Farragut, whose action in leaving Norfolk at the time and in the way he did, created a very favorable impression on Mr. Fox and, through him, upon the department; and Farragut was not long in raising his post to an independent command, and in illustrating the value of the priceless weapon committed to his care. Then followed five years of active service, terminating in the Mobile Bay fight, with the capture of the Tennessee and the destruction or capture of the Confederate flotilla and the isolation of the forts which were now completely at the mercy of the Federal land forces. [The volume presents a very complete biography of the Admiral, the author drawing for his material upon all the available, familiar, and official sources.] POCAHONTAS; A Story of Virginia. By John R. Musick. Illustrated. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. 1893. [This fourth volume of the series of Columbian historical novels commences with the exploits of Sir Francis Drake in American waters, and follows the history of the early English settlement of Virginia down to the dissolution of the London Company and the reconstitution of Virginia as a Royal Colony. The leading characters of the romance are John Smith and Pocahontas, two as noble specimens of humanity as ever inspired a poet's pen, and the author who has had access to all the available historical material, has handled the subject very creditably. The transition from Spanish to English ground occasions, however, no break in the historical scheme which makes each succeeding novel in the story the sequel to those which went before. An Estevan is still to the front, holding the position, ascribed to the elder generations of Estevans in the preceding stories, of trusted friend and lieutenant to the great leader of the day; but the name has been anglicized to Stevens. Sir Francis Drake, the bold buccaneer, ravaged St. Augustine, while Francisco Estavan and his wife were absent on an errand of mercy, and carried away their two boys, Phillip and Mattheo, whose names were changed to Stevens, and who, both, in after life returned to Virginia and became, presumably, the ancestors of the American Stevenses.] RA ALEIGH'S dream of building up an English colony in the New World, appeared in a fair way of realization, when the expedition under Arthur Barlow and Philip Amidas returned to England with accounts of the country north of Florida which had been taken possession of in the name of the Queen, and which the Queen herself appreciated as one of the most glorious events of her reign. No time was lost in effecting a settlement on this new jewel in the English crown, and on the 9th of April, 1585, a fleet sailed out of Plymouth harbor with one hundred and eigty colonists, and a full complement of seamen, for the coast of Virginia. Grenville was more of a pirate than a colonist, and the colonists thought more of gold and plunder, than of tilling the soil and building cities. The English were hospitably received by the natives, but repaid their kindness with brutality. Grenville remained long enough in the new settlement to inflame the Indians against the settlers, and then started on a buccaneering expedition. These first colonists at their own request were taken back to England by Drake, and although several attempts at colonization were made during the next ten years, the result was utter failure. The brothers Estevan, or Stevens, were parted, Phillip, the elder, was -made over to Henry Francis, who hired him out as a sailor boy at nine years old. The younger, Matteo, fell into the hands of a worthy Puritan Dutchman. At sixteen, Philip, returning to England from a voyage in which his cruel master accompanied him, was instigated to run away into the country, where he met a little shepherd girl, Emily Gilbert, the child of an intelligent, cultivated widow, who took Phillip in and instructed him in many things. After two years of this peaceful life, the boy ran across Francis again, was captured, and sent to sea without an opportunity of communicating with his friends. Phillip, after serving out his time and becoming his own man, returned to the Gilberts, designing to make his home with them; but Emily had developed into a beautiful woman, and, Phillip's eyes being opened, he realized that he could not share their home, but must make one for himself. Chance brought Captain John Smith to their door, and he at once secured Phillip to join an expedition for the colonization of Virginia, then preparing to start. And so Emily remained behind, while Phillip went to carve out a home for her in the New World. Smith was thrown into prison on the voyage, so, too, was Stevens. The latter had to be liberated to manage the ship, and after they reached Virginia the former had to be liberated to extricate the colony from the seemingly hopeless difficulties in which they were continually involving themselves. [We have not space to follow the story through all the eventful incidents of the early settlement, nor to depict the fateful loves of John Smith and Pocohontas. All this is matter of history. We will remark only of Phillip Stevens that he was reunited with his Emily after giving her up as lost, and, later, had his father restored to him and learned that his brother was in northern Virginia.] WHERE IS MY DOG? or, Is Man Alone Immortal? By the Rev. Charles Josiah Adams. New York: Fowler & Wells Company. 1892. [The task the author set himself in this treatise is to consider whether all the arguments adduced in favor of man's immortality do not equally tend to establish a belief in the immortality of the lower animal. The question presupposes an affirmative reply; the plan of the work is the arrangement of the argument for that conclusion. As regards the author's methods, he first pays a passing tribute to phrenology as the only system of philosophy which has tabulated the elements of human nature, and then taking each faculty in turn he advances illustrative evidence of its existence among the lower animals. Believing confidently that man is immortal, he does not hesitate to push the argument to its logical conclusion, and maintain the immortality of fleas and mosquitos, as well as of the higher vertebrates. The practical purpose of the work is to arouse serious thought upon the subject, and thus, perhaps, "avert a pang of pain from some creature which cannot speak in its own behalf." We append a general recapitulation of his argument.] ONE NE of the strongest arguments in favor of immortality is in the faculty of eventuality—in the memory of what is passed. I once said to a physician, “I am a new man every seven years.” 'Yes," he responded, every moment." There are constant physical changes going on. If memory is independent of these changes, if it leaps the chasm of sleep, may it not point to my, as an individual, living beyond the great change that we call death? May it not leap the chasm of the tomb? There is nothing unreasonable in believing so. And if this is true in my case, may it not be true in the case of my dog? All the force of the argument from the persistency of individuality in favor of my immortality applies in favor of the immortality of Tip, of Dennis, of Old Joe, or of any other dog or lower animal, for all lower animals are as clearly possessed of memory of events as man. All things are out of time and tune to man here, and as the lower animals possess the faculty of time and tune, in common with man, they must be somewhat out of time and tune to them, too. Man's faculty of tune is set for enjoyment of the music of the spheres, and his faculty of time for the heaverly harmonies and perfect order of Eternity. As man is higher in the scale of being, here, he will probably be higher than the lower animal in the hereafter. But if in my sense of time and of tune there is prophecy of immortality, must there not be the same thing in the same faculties possessed by any other being? Man claims an immortal destiny in common with angels and archangels, not because he is equally endowed with them, but because he is similarly endowed. He is generous, he is logical, only when he applies the same rule with regard to the creatures beneath him in the grade of creation. What note of immortality is there in the faculty of language? How clumsy our efforts at expressing our thoughts! how liable we are to be misunderstood! The finer shades of thought and emotion must be left to the imagination of our auditors. Though man does not want to die, he longs for the condition in which he will have only to think and feel, and be interpreted without effort (that is if he is honest and has nothing to conceal). The very strain upon the faculty of expression means that through it the soul is to burst into absolute freedom, and the absolute means the eternal. The eager eyes, the wagging tail, the quivering body of the dog, evidence to the master that he has something in mind which he wants to express. How he barks, and leaps, and capers with joy when his master guesses what he would express. May not dog and master together express infinite joy in immortality that the limitations of matter are overpassed by both? Let us through this door see immortality for the dog that is kicked as well as for the master that kicks him. THE EL-AMARNA TABLETS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, With Autotype Facsimiles. Printed by Order of the Trustees. Sq. Quarto, pp. 157, with 24 pages of Plates. London: The British Museum. 1892. [Recently were found a number of Cuneiform Tablets at the village of Tell el Amarna in Upper-Egypt. This village is near the ruins of the town, temple, and palace which were built on the right or east bank of the Nile about 180 miles south of Memphis by Amenophis IV., king of Egypt, about 1500 B.C. The collection discovered consisted of about three hundred and twenty documents or portions of documents. Of these, the British Museum possesses eighty-two. The remainder are in the Berlin Museum, the Gizeh Museum, and in the hands of a few private persons. The present publication includes an explanatory Introduction and Summary of Contents of the Tablets, written jointly by Dr. Bezold and Dr. E. A. Wallis Budge, Acting Assistant-Keeper of the Department of the Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities of the British Museum; a "Bibliography," which shows that the Tablets have already given rise to a considerable literature; the "Texts" of the Tablets, with the characters distinctly printed; a "List of Proper Names" and autotypes, the full size and shape of the originals, of forty-four of the Tablets. From the Introduction we take some passages descriptive of the Tablets and showing the importance of the find.] IN N color the tablets vary from a light to a dark dust tint, and from a flesh color to dark brick-red. The nature of the clay of which they are made sometimes indicates the country from which they came. The writing on the tablets resembles to a certain extent the NeoBabylonian, i. e., the simplification of the writing of the first Babylonian Empire, used commonly in Babylonia and Assyria for about seven centuries B.C. It possesses, however, characteristics different from those of any other style of cuneiform writing of any period now known to exist; and nearly every tablet contains forms of characters which have hitherto been thought peculiar to the Ninevite or Assyrian style of writing. The spelling is, with few exceptions, syllabic, and comparatively few ideographs occur. It is often careless, and in some instances syllables have been omitted. At present, it is not possible to say whether the irregular spelling is due to the ignorance of the scribe, or to dialectic peculiarities; in either case much useful knowledge concerning the grammatical structure of the language is to be gained therefrom. The Semitic dialect, in which these letters are written, is Assyrian, and is, in some important details, closely related to the Hebrew of the Old Testament. The forms of pronouns are particularly noteworthy. The documents were most probably written between the years 1500-1450 B.C. They give an insight into the nature of the political relations which existed between the kings of Western Asia and the kings of Egypt and prove that an important trade between the two countries existed from very early times. They also supply information concerning offensive and defensive alliances between the kings of Egypt and other countries, commercial treaties, marriage customs, religious ceremonies, and intrigues, which has been derived from no other sources. They offer a new field for the researches of the geographical student, and promise important results. The identification of many towns and countries mentioned in the Bible and in Egyptian inscriptions has already been obtained. The dialect in which these letters are written is of special interest for Semitic philology, as it affords a new proof that the age of a Semitic dialect cannot be altogether judged from the state of the development of its grammatical forms. It also supplies a number of new words and forms, and exhibits peculiar grammatical constructions, the existence of which has been hitherto unsuspected and which have a close affinity to the language of the Old Testament. On this account, they will be regarded as of the highest value in the study of Hebrew. A large number of the present tablets are addressed to "The King of Egypt," either Amenophis III., who reigned from 1500 to 1466 B. C., or his successor, Amenophis IV. Nearly all of them consist of reports of disasters to the Egyptian power and of successful intrigues against it, coupled with urgent entreaties for help, pointing to a condition of distraction and weakness in Egypt. The most graphic details of the disorganized condition, and of the rival factions, of the Egyptian dependencies lying on the coast-line of Phoenicia and northern Palestine, are to be gathered from a perusal of the dispatches of the governors of the cities of Byblos, Reyrut and Tyre. The Press. POLITICAL. THE REFORM CLUB DINNER. The annual dinner of the New York Reform Club last Saturday evening was a very notable affair. The Reform Club is the chief organization of the revenue tariff, anti-free silver, and civil service reform Democrats, and has occasion. should dwarf all others, has relation to the responsibil It left no one in doubt that economy, fidelity to | is merely an opportunity to serve the people tion. The President-elect spoke with the ut 64 Can it be that the Democratic Presi New York Times (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. 12. always been known distinctively as the special The speeches of Grover Cleveland and Carl factor of the so-called Independent Democracy. Schurz at the Reform Club dinner on Saturday The Club has long been conspicuous also for evening were of a character which every honest its very sympathetic feeling for Mr. Cleveland. American can regard with the deepest satisfac-dismay that this sentiment embodies his belief. Preparations for the dinner were begun immediately after the Presidential election, with the most simplicity and earnestness, in precisely political dinner so anxiously awaited has come Hartford Courant (Rep.), Dec. 12.- The purpose of making it a great and memorable the same spirit as the distinguished represen- and gone. Mr. Cleveland has made his speech. The dinner was in the banquet hall of Madi.tative of Independents in politics. Both made What has he said? He says that he has "nothson Square Garden, and more than five hun- very plain that the power given by the elec-ing new or startling to say"; that his election tions of November carries with it a correspond-is" one of the grandest and most complete dred guests were present. All the newspapers ing duty, and that the real opportunity won victories ever achieved in the struggle for right describe the enthusiasm for Mr. Cleveland as by the victorious party is the opportunity to and justice"; that it is also a proof of the comremarkable. Speeches were made by the fulfill a trust at once difficult and noble. It is President of the Club, E. Ellery Anderson, a notable thing when a leader like Mr. Cleve- He says that the thing for Democrats to do is petency of the people to manage their affairs.. Mr. Cleveland, Carl Schurz, Roger Q. Mills, land recognizes so distinctly the obligation im- to be thinking about their responsibility. He ex-Governor Campbell of Ohio, Congressman posed by popular confidence, and when a Tom L. Johnson, ex-Governor Stone of Mis-leader like Mr. Schurz, who, without disrespect says they have a task before them the difficulty souri, Senator Carlisle, Congressman Breckin- to the many able and upright men with whom says they must go about it with an impartial reof which can hardly be exaggerated." He ridge of Kentucky, and General Patrick A. he has worked, may be said to have done more gard for the welfare of all the people, and must Collins. Senator Hill was not present, and it than any other one person to awaken that conis said that no invitations were sent to him or fidence-emphasizes not the victory, but the disregard mere catch-words which, if they any of his particular friends. mean anything, have no relation to sound high duty given by the victory. There has policy." been no great political triumph since the close dent-elect refers here to "for revenue only"? of the war for the Union in which moral forces He says they must be economical and Jefferhave been more potent or their significance sonian. Finally he tells them that they must more frankly and sincerely acknowledged. begin by purging themselves from "all ignoble Philadelphia Times (Dem.), Dec. 12.-The and unworthy tendencies "-such, we suppose, great business interests of the country will as the tendency to make a robust, middlestudy President-elect Cleveland's New York aged gentleman's life a burden to him, and address with special care and gratification. drive him for refuge to the islands of the sea, They see in his plainly-expressed views the by their scramble and clamor for public trusts absolute assurance of no violent shock in any with emoluments attached. This, in brief, is of the legitimate channels of industry and the speech which our Democratic friends have trade under his Administration, and they will been waiting for auribus erectis, and which note with peculiar pleasure that the coming was to illumine the whole political situation. President plainly accepts country as paramount It will be interesting to see what they make to party. of it. It was the admitted patriotism, integrity, and courage of Grover Cleveland that won the victory of 1892. It was not either the Democratic party or the Chicago platform that triumplied. It was the singular personality of the Democratic candidate nominated over the heads of most of the party leaders that commanded the confidence and support of an overwhelming majority of the American people, and that personality will dominate party councils on Democratic lines, and give the country equal laws with tranquility and prosperity. Mr. Cleveland, in his speech, said: The sentiment suggested by this occasion, which ity which awaits those who now rejoice in victory. If we redeem the promises we have made to the voters of our land, the difficulty of our task can hardly be exaggerated. Conditions involving most important interests must be reviewed and modified, and perplexing problems menacing our safety must be settled. Above all, and as the ultimate object of all we do, the rights and the welfare of our people in every condition of life must be placed upon a moral, equal plane of opportunity and advantage. I am confident the wis dom of the Democratic party will be equal to the emergency, and I base my confidence upon the belief that it will be patriotically true to its principles and traditions, and will follow the path marked out by true American sentiment. We should not enter upon our work in the least spirit of resentment nor in heedless disregard of the welfare of any portion of our citizens. The mission of our party, and the reforms we contemplate, do not involve the encouragement of jealous animosities nor a destructive discrimination between American interests. Much comment has been excited by the failure to include Speaker Crisp among the orators. The Speaker, supposing that he would be called on, had prepared a speech and furnished copies of it to the news associations. His friends declare that he was treated with deliberate discourtesy on account of his supposed identification with the less" progressive elements of the party; and it is asserted that this discourtesy was made the more objectionable by the prominence given to Mr. Mills, his Springfield Republican (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. 12. rival in the Speakership contest of last year, and -Cleveland was expected in his speech to give by the significant words which Congressman a rough outline of what the party policy was Johnson used in his speech. "The will of the to be, and to say whether it was to be taken people will be thwarted, and the next Congress up by Congress in extra session. But he left paralyzed," said Mr. Johnson, "if we again his hearers no wiser in this respect than they put half-hearted men in the lead. In organiz-were before. They were left, however, in no ing the new House let us remember that party doubt of the fact that he did not intend anyhonesty is party duty, and party courage is body should suppose he had lost sight of the party expediency, and put in the lead men who meaning of the victory. He placed particular will not palter with Protection. We need not emphasis on the necessity of the party's ridding fear the Free Trader or the single taxer. The itself of the idea that there is anything shabby man whom the Democratic party has to fear in or disgraceful in economy in the expenditure its councils is the sugar-coated Protectionist. of the people's money; and while he spoke The quicker he goes elsewhere the better. We only in a very general way of tariff reform, his need his room. The masses trust honesty and utterances were not calculated to alarm those love courage. They despise a trimmer and who advocate a pretty liberal treatment of the hate a coward." MR. CLEVELAND'S SPEECH. Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), Dec. 12.—The address by Mr. Cleveland at the Reform Club dinner on Saturday night was such as a Democratic President-elect ought to have made. It was general, not minute; suggestive; not specific. Although it had these characteristics, it was not evasive or double-tongued in any sense. subject. Boston Globe (Dem.), Dec. 12.-The chosen Boston Herald (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. 12.-From Boston Advertiser (Rep.), Dec. 12.-Mr. Cleveland's address contained, as he himself said, " however, a typical speech in its conservative nothing new or startling.' It was, character, and in the well-expressed sentiments, which the coming President knows how to deliver so ably, and which iuspire such a flattering reception among his friends and admirers. Pittsburgh Times (Rep.), Dec. 12.-One of the first of the interesting things said Mr. Cleveland as he arose, and presumably with a bow to Mr. Anderson and a quick glance at the representatives of Tammany, was that if there are any who "regard their Government as a depository of individual benefits, to be importuned and threatened and despoiled," let them know from what is "before their eyes that there is still abroad in the land a controlling belief that our Government should be a source of just and beneficent rule." The Tiger grinned with rage when the President-elect, presumably with another bow to Mr. Anderson, added that "the National Democracy and its allies in political principle" rejoice over the downfall of the idea that the Government is "a depository of individual benefits, to be importuned and threatened and despoiled." At this there were the shuffle, the long-drawn breath, the quick exchange of looks which indicate poorly suppressed feeling. The inquiring looks meant: Well, what next?" It was this: " The mission of our party and the reforms we contemplate, do not involve the encouragement of jealous animosities, nor a destructive discrimination between American interests." That sentence recalls the tariff resolution rejected with howls of fury and derision at Chicago. duced. to Mr. Cleveland's public utterances in these | urday night shall have no more serious result days for any definite statements of his opinions than the unpleasant impression which it proon the leading questions of the moment, and more especially his views of what, specifically, the Democratic party ought to do now in the matter of tariff changes, there will probably be no disappointment with his speech at the New York Reform Club's banquet Saturday night. But some persons will be disposed to ask why it is that he is still so very chary of definite statement and why he, whose political courage has been so much vaunted, should hesitate even to hint at the particular arrangement of customs duties which he put himself in line with the party on its chief to the Speaker of the House of Representa more. would have his party in Congress make. His generalities regarding political duty and party obligation are unexceptionable, but the country would like to have something The election is long past, its meaning is well understood, the commission given by the people to the Democratic party is plain. But Mr. Cleveland still omits to say whether, so far as his influence goes, his party will discharge its duty in its entirety or try to shirk rosponsibility by timidly conpromising with Protection. Congressman Johnson's speech was much more pointed and to the purpose; it showed that there is at least one wing of the Democracy which is aware of what the country wants in the shape of tariff reform, and ready to meet the demand. Is this wing to rule the party or are we to have more of that shillyshallying on the tariff question, ill-concealed by pleasant phrases and proper forms of words, with which Mr. Cleveland has of late allowed himself to become identified? THE CRISP INCIDENT. Dispatch from Washington, New York Tribune, Dec. 13.-A remarkable scene was witnessed in the House of Representatives to-day. In fact, it was without a precedent in the history of that body, and it was as unpremeditated as it was unprecedented. When Speaker Crisp appeared in his place at noon and raised his gavel to command order, his hand was stayed by an outburst of applause from both sides of the chamber which quickly spread to the galleries, and would not stop until it had spent its force. For the first time since this House was organized it was unanimous. If any Democratic sulkers and skulkers New York Evening Post (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. New York Times (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. 13.- New York Sun (Dem.), Dec. 13.-After the this opposition? It is not based on the idea We are New York Morning Advertiser (Rep.), Dec. 13.-Mr. Cleveland's attention is respectfully invited to the fact that when Speaker Crisp entered the hall of the House yesterday the members assembled, Democrats and Republicans alike, received him with enthusiastic cheering, the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, and other warm-hearted demonstrations intended to convey to him the depth of loyal devotion to his personal fortunes which had been aroused by the account of the coarse and brutal insult offered him at the Reform Club dinner last Saturday evening. The Mugwump friends of the President-elect, united with the Calhounists, assume to have control over him, and to be, therefore, in position to dictate to the party. There will be, if our judgment is not at fault, a brisk, bitter, and successful revolt with Judge Crisp as its central leader. Boston Transcript (Rep.), Dec. 12.- This Reform Club banquet emphasized the acerbity which really exists between different factions of the Democratic party. Speaker Crisp was bidden to the feast, and he believed that he was expected to speak. Fully impressed with were in the hall, they succeeded in obliterating opponents of Speaker Crisp have spent their the gravity of the occasion, he prepared his themselves for the time being. As for the superfluous enthusiasm for criticism, a few remarks, and handed them to the Associated Republicans, they were not silent. The dull-moments given to calmly considering the facts Press, but he was not called upon to deliver est Democrats present of the Cleveland, anti- before and since Mr. Crisp's election will, them by Mr. E. Ellery Anderson, a prominent Crisp variety could not fail to understand what perhaps, be interesting. What are the actual anti-Hill Democrat, and Crisp's friends all conthe demonstration signified. They knew that relations of Mr. Cleveland to the tariff-smash-sider that he was snubbed outright, particularly it meant, first, the hearty resentment which ing faction headed by Roger Quarles Mills and as Senator Roger Q. Mills-Mr. Crisp's rival for to Mr. Crisp and his followers, respectively? the Speakership-had the honor of being called men of all parties in the House felt on account of the indignity offered to their presiding offi. Mr. Mills, with whom Mr. Cleveland's notions upon to talk upon the tariff question. Crisp's friends are all up in arms, Tammany is putting on its war paint, Dave Hill growls, and another guished Democratic pacificator, Hon. William great job of conciliation awaits the distinto think it is about time for them to assert C. Whitney. Perhaps the anti-snappers begin their manhood if they expect any consideration at the hands of the next Administration. Carl Schurz's speech seems to have been framed on the text, which runs through it like a refrain, that "no man and no set of men inated or elected Cleveland, and that he is under no obligations to any man or set or men, least of all to the "rascals" of his party who advised against his nomination and worked against his election. cer by the managers of the Democratic Reform Club in New York on Saturday night, and, second, a defiant challenge from the party friends and supporters of Speaker Crisp, who were more numerous in Washington to-day than they were three days ago. New York World (Dem.), Dec. 12.-There was only one Democrat present of greater prominence than Speaker Crisp, and that was the President-elect. The Speaker is the third officer of the Government. He is the official leader of his party in the popular branch of Congress. The Club had an undoubted right to choose its guests, but having invited Mr. Crisp, it was a marked discourtesy to omit his name from the list of speakers. It was something worse than a discourtesy to add to the slight an invitation to other speakers who antagonized and even insulted him when he had no chance to reply. As far as Speaker Crisp's views upon the tariff were involved in this matter, it deserves to be said that those views, both as expressed in the remarks which he had prepared and in the bills passed at the last session of Congress, are more nearly in accord with the sentiments of Mr. Cleveland's speech and letter of acceptance than were some of the opinions declared at the dinner-notably those of Congressman Johnson. It will be fortunate for the Democratic party if the episode of Sat. tax.' were alleged to be identified a year ago, is, as Atlanta Constitution (Dem.), Dec. 13.-The " either nom Troy Times (Rep.), Dec. 12.-When the Speaker of the House of Representatives is present at such an affair it is customary to call him out, and Mr. Crisp was so sure of a speech that he gave out his proposed remarks before sitting down to the spread. He remained to the end of the festivities, but no call came from the Chairman. E. Ellery Anderson, who presided, is quoted as saying that the Club is accustomed to seek speeches only from those who are known to be in sympathy with its policies. Speaker Crisp," he says, opposition to us on silver legislation, and he has never been as pronounced on the tariff as " was in |