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GENERAL INTEREST AND ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE.

N both sides of the ocean, and in every language that has a periodical literature, psychic phenomena, the occult, the mysterious, are being discussed with an interest, a freedom, and a voluminousness heretofore unknown. There is undoubted evidence that this interest is growing and spreading, and that with its widening circle have been developed new sources of information derived from personal experience heretofore untold. A spirit of earnest and impartial investigation seems to be taking the place of the credulity which unquestioningly accepts, and the skepticism which arbitrarily condemns without trial. Evidence is being gathered, personal experience generalized, and phenomena which have been

called "supernatural" are being examined with scientific care and accuracy.

The Medico-Legal Journal (New York) says editorially in its department of Psychology:

"The marvelous growth of interest in psychological subjects from year to year promises a wide outlook for the future in the ready adaptability of facts, as fast as obtained, to the most absorbing question of life. A complete revolution in educational methods is pending; the medical and legal aspects of criminals and of the insane are assuming new and strange complications, and great light seems ready to break upon many moral and religious problems. Not a month passes without report of better means of observation and experiment, and the colleges and universities are constantly adding to laboratory apparatus, and to the breadth and extent of their elective courses in experimental psychology. All indications point toward developments in the near future which will be of signal value in their bearing upon science and man."

The Arena (Boston) is devoting many of its pages to matters psychological. In a paper in the January number, B. O. Flower, the Editor, says:

"Few people appreciate the significance of recent progress along the lines of psychical research, the vast accumulation of facts which demand investigation, and the growing interest in occult problems among the most thoughtful people throughout the civilized world. The old-time prejudice, which, with supercilious arrogance, relegated all psychical or extra-normal problems to the realm of superstitions, is rapidly giving place to a spirit at once critical and yet truth-loving. From the evidence which is now being carefully collected and sifted by scholarly bodies and individuals, I am led to believe we are on the threshold of a new world of thought a realm which will far transcend, in interest and practical value, the new world which the evolutionists have given us in the domain of physical science."

In the introduction to his paper on "Ghosts and their Photos," in the Fortnightly Review (London) for January, the Rev. H. R. Haweis says:

"It saves trouble to be credulous, and it saves time to be skeptical; but he who avoids both is alone wise in his generation, for he alone wins truth, which is worth the time and the trouble. The special thing which this age requires to know is whether there is any scientific proof of a life after death for any of us. Philosophy, which seeks only to make this life tolerable, can do without an answer to this question, but Religion, the essence of which is to bind men to an Above and a Beyond, must know or die. In past ages faith has been more than an equivalent to knowledge; in this age faith seems somewhat less than an equivalent. Into the reason of this, and there is a very good reason, I do not now propose to enter, but I do propose to ask whether we may hope, before the close of the nineteenth century, to see faith in a life after death replaced by a certain knowledge that there is such a life, and whether we shall be able to found our religion upon fact precisely in the same way as we profess to found our science on fact.

and premonitions, and dreams that come true, and prophecies that are verified, have all vanished before the light of knowledge and the scrutiny of science? True, also, it is that never were there a greater number of intelligent people convinced of the reality and importance of these occult phenomena."

STRANGE EXPERIENCES.

The editor of the Arena, in the article already quoted from, says:

'During the past year I have received scores, if not hundreds, of letters from persons who, though in many instances unknown to fame, are accounted among the most thoughtful and reliable individuals in the communities where they reside: physicians, lawyers, clergymen, literary characters, and men engaged in commercial and mechanical pursuits, who are not only deeply interested in these subjects, but who have personally experienced or in other ways become cognizant of some of the various phases of occult phenomena― psychical experiences of the most interesting character, and covering so wide a range of phenomena as to indicate how varied and complicated in nature are the appearances being encountered in this little-explored world. Many of the individuals who bear testimony to these appearances share the popular prejudice which exists so widely against spiritualism; many of them are strictly orthodox in their religious views. Of course a large proportion of these communications are confidential, and cannot be noticed here. Others, however, which I am at liberty to discuss, will be sufficient."

Mr. Flower then gives a letter from David Van Etten, “one of the most influential attorneys of Omaha," which states, substantially, that in 1867 he left his native place, Kingston-onthe-Hudson, and never returned, but has resided continuously in the State of Nebraska. Until 1884 he had not heard of or from any person in Kingston, or anything concerning the lady of whom he writes. She was his cousin, seven years his senior, and the wife of a farmer, and his acquaintance with her was but slight. One night in the summer of 1873, while sleeping in his house and not having thought of this cousin for years, she appeared present with him. It seemed in his dream as if he had been called into her room. She was lying on a couch, in great distress, apparently appealing to him, as if he might save her from the terrible agony of pain. Her left breast appeared almost eaten away, torn, raw, and flayed. "It almost sickens me," says the correspondent, "as I recall that scene, so vivid and real was this terrible condition presented to me. To see her, an acquaintance, a relative, in such frightful agony-I could scarcely sleep any more that night, and yet I regarded it then as merely a dream." This was in 1873, and he did not learn until 1884 that his cousin had died of a cancer in her left breast, and in terrible pain; and not until 1892 did he learn the date of her death, which was July 19, 1878, five years after his dream."

Commenting upon this, Mr. Flower says:

"This remarkable case of prevision might be matched by several similar cases. When we better understand the laws governing such phenomena, and physicians come to appreciate the possible value of these foreshadowings, many lives will doubtless be saved which now perish. If, for example, this woman had been skilfully treated to prevent cancer hefore the disease appeared, she might have been saved. This case suggests some interesting experiences given me a short time since by a brilliant young physician who enjoys a large practice in a small city in Indiana. Frequently,' he said, 'while holding my patient's hand, I see, as if written on a blackboard before my eyes, the names of medicines, with instructions to prescribe them-in many instances, remedies I should not have thought of using; but I have noticed that whenever I have given the medicines so revealed, the most gratifying results have followed.''

The same physician related a singular occurrence which took place shortly before his visit to Mr. Flower. He has a friend with whom he corresponds, residing in another city, and of whom he had requested a photograph of herself. Awakening one morning, and looking at his watch, he found it was half an hour too early to rise, and lay in the half-waking state favorable to dreams. Suddenly he thought he was on the street in front of his office, and there saw this friend with another lady acquaintance who lived in his own city, coming across the street, and was at

once struck with the peculiar dress worn by his friend. He could not fail to note that he had never seen her in anything like it. At this juncture he awoke, dressed, and after opening. his office went to the post-office. There he was handed a package which proved to be the photograph of his friend. He found that the dress in which she had been photographed was the perfect counterpart of the one he had seen in his dream, and entirely unlike any gown he had ever seen her wear.

Mr. Flower relates a striking experience which happened to a friend well known in literary circles, but who wishes her name withheld. She requested a friend in whom she has great confidence, and who has some psychic power, to try and see where she was and what she was doing on a certain evening. The two were many hundred miles apart. The friend, in striving to accomplish this feat, fell into a trance, in which he was found by friends who thought him dead, and had him medically treated. When he recovered he wrote the lady that at such an hour she was in her room, and a visitor was. announced; that he was a person he had never seen, but he would describe him. He then gave a detailed description of the caller. All the facts were exactly as he stated them.

AN EXPERIENCE OF THE CARY FAMILY.

In the February number of the Arena Mr. Flower mentions: the fact that the Cary sisters (Alice and Phoebe) not only believed most profoundly that their beloved dead were around them, but often beheld visions and apparitions. He recalls. the story of a remarkable experience of the family as related. by Alice:

"The new house was just finished, but we had not moved into it. There had been a violent shower; father had come from the field, and everybody had come in out of the rain. I think it was about four in the afternoon when the storm ceased and the sun shone out. The new house stood on the edge of a ravine, and the sun was shining full upon it, when some one in the family called out and asked how Rhoda and Lucy came to be over in the new house and the door open. Upon this all the family rushed to the front door, and there, across the ravine, in the open door of the new house, stood Rhoda with Lucy in her arms. Some one said, She must have come from the sugar camp and taken shelter with Lucy from the rain.' Upon this another called out ‘Rhoda!' but she did not answer. While we were gazing and talking and calling, Rhoda herself came downstairs, leaving Lucy fast asleep, and stood with us while we all saw in the full blaze of the sun the ground, until she disappeared from sight. Then a great silence form with the child in her arms slowly sink, sink, sink into the fell upon us all. In our hearts we all believed it to be a warning of sorrow-of what, we knew not. When Rhoda and Lucy both died, then we knew. Rhoda died the next autumn, November 11; Lucy a month later. Father went directly over to the house and out into the road, but no human being, and not even a track could be seen. Lucy has been seen since by different members. of the family, in the same house, always in a red frock, like one she was fond of wearing; the last time by my brother Warren's little boy, who had never heard the story. He came running in, saying that he had seen a little girl upstairs, in a red dress."

Mr. Flower considers this story valuable because the occurrence was witnessed by a number of persons, and, therefore.. cannot be regarded as a subjective hallucination. He adds:

"It is also interesting to note that in this case the vision, which in broad daylight was so real as to deceive all members of the family who witnessed it, occurred before the children died."

VICTOR HUGO.

Mr. Flower quotes from Scribner's, for November, extracts from an article by Octave Uzanne, in which are given passages from the journal of Victor Hugo, written by one of his sons, concerning some remarkable phenomena witnessed at the Hauteville Home during the poet's exile:

"Victor Hugo used to hear in his chamber strange sounds. Sometimes papers would move all by themselves when there was. no wind; sometimes he heard blows struck upon the wall; CharlesHugo and François Hugo, in the neighboring chamber heard the same sound. In the night of the 22d of February, Victor Hugo. by chance, entered the salon, the two windows of which looked out upon the street. He saw neither fire in the chimney nor light upon the table. The servants were sleeping. Victor Hugo goes.

up to his chamber and goes to bed. At two o'clock in the morning Charles and François Hugo return. They see the windows of the salon. They see that these windows are illuminated, not only as if there were a great fire, but lighted candelabra. The two young men enter astonished-so astonished that, to clear up the thing-so luminous and so obscure at once-they try to open the door of the salon. It is locked. François goes to bed; Charles finally finds the key. Then he feels himself filled with a terror that he flies without daring to enter the salon.

Table-tipping appears. Charles Hugo interrogates the table. The spirit present in that piece of furniture declares that her name is the White Lady, and she cannot say any more unless in the street, at three o'clock in the morning. Victor Hugo was not very brave; he found the hour and the place of rendezvous badly chosen. He preferred to remain at the house, and everybody else did the same. During the night, as often happened, Victor Hugo was still working, when the bell rang violently. The poet instantly thought of the White Lady. He looked at his watch; it was just three o'clock in the morning. Ghosts are punctual,' he said."

MR. STEAD'S EXPERIENCE.

Mr. W. T. Stead, the editor of the Review of Reviews, is a patient and earnest investigator of psychic phenomena. Not long ago he discovered that his own hand would write automatically. We find in Light (London) some account of this as given by Mr. Stead in an interview:

"One of my friends had for some time been accustomed to do automatic writing; and when I was watching the process a message was written to me that a certain deceased lady wished to use my hand. My answer was that I was blind, deaf, and dumb in all psychical matters, and I could neither do automatic handwriting, go into a trance, see ghosts, or do anything whatever in that line. The automatic handwriting went on to say that I was mistaken; that if I would put my hand at the disposal of the lady for five minutes she would write with it."

The interview relates that in the five minutes the hand of Mr. Stead made no movement, and a message came to the effect that he had not given sufficient time. Five minutes more brought no result. About a month later the friend who wrote automatically wrote another message requesting on the part of the same deceased lady that Mr. Stead would give her nine minutes on the following morning, before beginning work. He assented, and the interview says:

"To my immense surprise, my hand slowly, and with great difficulty, wrote out an almost illegible message, to which was appended the name of the person who had alleged she wished to communicate with me. This was the beginning of it."

As to how he became convinced of the identity of the communicating intelligence, Mr. Stead is reported as saying: "I can best answer that by telling you the facts of the story that figures so conspicuously in my Christmas number, From the Old World to the New.' I was staying in a country house in the West of England when a lady who was present asked me one day, much to my surprise, if I knew of any clairvoyant or medium. She said that about six months before she had lost her dearest friend, a lady of great intelligence, whom I had met twice a year or two before. The lady who addressed me said further that while her friend was alive they had promised each other that whoever died first would appear to the other if she could. 'Now,' she said, 'my friend has appeared to me twice since she died, once very shortly after her decease, and the second time only the other night, in this very house. I was awakened in the middle

of the night-suddenly awakened by the consciousness of her presence at my bedside. I saw her as distinctly as I see you, but I could not hear if she spoke. Then she faded away, and I only saw a light where she had been standing. I cannot bear to think that she has come back to see me, and that I cannot hear her voice.' I said, 'Very well, when you come back to London, I will introduce you to Mrs. Davies. But my hand has begun to write a little. I knew your friend, and if she is about I will see if she will write with my hand.' Next morning, before breakfast, in my bedroom, I took a pencil in my hand, put it upon a sheet of paper, and said 'Now, Miss' (naming the person) if you have anything to communicate to Miss you can use my hand to say what you want.' Then, without a moment's hesitation, my hand very slowly wrote her name and traced three lines of a message. I said then but how do I know that this is not merely the unconscious action of my own brain working in some mysterious way? How do I know that you are what you profess to be? Can you give me a test of your identity?' My

hand wrote 'Yes.' Then I received the test about Minerva, which was given almost exactly as it was stated in the chapter 'From the Other Side' in the Christmas Number of the Review of Reviews.* In fact from this point the whole of the rest of the narrative is an exact transcript of what actually happened, the only difference being that it was my hand, not that of Rose,' that wrote, and that it was controlled, not by Rose's husband, but by the lady who had died about six or seven months previously in America. All the rest of the story is quite exact, the names being altered, and the places also, so as not to reveal the identity of the persons concerned."

GHOSTS AND THEIR PHOTOS.

In the Fortnightly article to which allusion has already been made, Mr. Haweis says:

Now, supposing that here and there, say one in twenty, happens to be so organized that he can see a shadow or a light which to the other nineteen is invisible-what would be the best way to prove to the other nineteen that such a shadow or light existed? Why, photography, of course. And that is just what Mr. Crookes (probably the greatest analytical chemist alive), in his own way, and to his own satisfaction, completely established, what after him the late Rev. Stainton Moses verified, and what Mr. Stead is laboring to confirm. It is all very well to pooh-pooh the conclusions of these very differently constituted, but equally able and unimpeachable; experimentalists. But, then, we have to ask the pooh-poohists-who are you?

About 1873 Hudson was much talked of. The best photo I have seen of his is that of an old man appearing to his daughter. He wears an old black cap and his features are strongly marked. The lady went with her daughter, and in her own mind, as a mental test, desired that her father should appear with an old velvet cap, which he wore during the last weeks of his sickness. The test was communicated to no one. The ghost came out on the plate. The face and cap were unmistakable.

"Mumler Buguet, before Hudson, attained much notoriety. To me the most extraordinary photograph of Buguet is the form of Stainton Moses, late editor of Light, the only photograph of a double, the subject being alive, I ever heard of. Stainton Moses, who was to have accompanied his friend, feeling too tired, lay down in a room at Paris, and apparently went to sleep, and his friend went alone and sat at the photographer's. The plate came out with the clearly recognized form and face of Stainton Moses— the said Moses being, at the time, in another part of Paris, and quite unconscious of his double's journey to the photographer.

My friend, General Taylor, supplied me with an interesting photograph taken of a brother officer of his who visited incog. a photographer, when the form of his brother, eight years dead, came out on the plate. He had but one photo of his brother locked away in a trunk at home. I have had an opportunity of comparing the photo from the life with that of the dead, and the likeness is clearly recognizable, though the expression of the ghost's face is painful."

For

"Of course, Professor Crookes's photographs, which he now declines to show or talk about, owing to the rigid test conditions under which they were obtained, are the most interesting. tunately before scientific bigotry had made it expedient for him to keep his researches to himself, he left a record. The following interesting description of the phenomena are from his own pen: "Miss Cook was the medium, that is to say, the person from whom when entranced the manifesting intelligence was supposed to collect the elements which incarnated for a season into the form of the materialized ghost. 'Katie' was the name of the ghost. Mr. Crookes has seen Miss Cook entranced at the same time that 'Katie' was walking about the room. His usual method was, after excluding all possibility of access to what we may call the ‘Katie ' haunted chamber, to pass a continued current of electricity, with indicator, through the entranced Miss Cook, while observing the movement of the apparition in another part of the room. To the hypothesis that 'Katie' was none other than Miss Cook herself, Professor Crookes replies thus: Katie's" skin is perfectly smooth to touch and sight, while on Miss Cook's neck is a large blister distinctly visible and rough to the touch. "Katie's" ears are unpierced, while Miss Cook habitually wears earrings. Katie's complexion is very fair, Miss Cook's is very dark. 'Katie's "fingers are much longer than Miss Cook's, and her face is longer. Several little marks on Miss Cook's face are absent in *This test, found on page 116 of the Christmas Number, is as follows: Ask Adelaide to remember what I said to her the last day we went to Minerva." Minerva," said Rose, "is that right"? "Yes,' wrote the hand. "How could she go to Minerva? Is Minerva a place?" "No," wrote the hand. Then this is nonsense,' said Rose decisively. "Never mind; deliver the message to Adelaide, she will understand." The message was delivered with much hesitation, but to the surprise of Rose it was fully understood, and was received with deep emotion.

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