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DICTIONARY-MAKING.

PRINCIPLES AND PROGRESS OF THE WORK UPON

FUNK & WAGNALLS' STANDARD DICTIONARY

THIS DICTIONARY WILL EMBODY MANY NEW PRINCIPLES IN LEXICOGRAPHY; AND WILL CONTAIN NEARLY 2,200 PAGES ABOUT THE SIZE OF THIS PAGE; OVER 4,000 ILLUSTRATIONS, MADE ESPECIALLY FOR THIS WORK; OVER 200,000 WORDS; OVER 100,000 MORE WORDS THAN

IN ANY OTHER SINGLE-VOLUME DICTIONARY.

PRICE WHEN ISSUED, $12.00. AT $7.00 TO ADVANCE SUBSCRIBERS. One Dollar Extra Discount to Subscribers for "The Lit

Clear, Accurate and Complete
Definitions to be Given to all
Terms-Trainéd and Scholarly
Writers Required to Do This in
a Small Space-An Epitome of
Human Knowledge-Rules for
the Use of Singular and Plural
Forms With

erary Digest." Satisfaction guaranteed. See Acceptance Blank below.

These belong to the various classes considered as made up of the individuals, but without special reference to the nature, individual or generic. NOTE.-The same words sometimes take either the singular or plural form, or one word takes only a singular while a similar one takes only a plural, in the posabstract side of their nature, or from their more consessive, according as the words are considered from the crete side as classes; as, painter's colic (as arising out of the nature of the occupation), or painters' colic (as belonging to the class of painters); writer's cramp, or writers' cramp: clergyman's sore-throat a printers' imposing-stone; a printer's devil.

formation more accessible. Possessives-The

Difference Between Revolve,
Roll, and Rotate-The STAND-
ARD" “the Dictionary par excel-
lence for Schools and Homes.”

[NOTE.-Definitions which appear from time to time in these columns are covered by the copyright of the Standard Dictionary. These definitions have not passed their final revision.]

RULE 3

Words not used in an abstract or collective sense in the singular, should have the plural form unless individual possession is intended; as, carpenters' tools; a carpenters' tool.

These note simply a generic relation, carpenter
not being used in the singular to express the car-
penter nature as man is used to express man nature.

The Difference Between Revolve,
Roll, and Rotate.

Perhaps there are few words in the English
the terms revolve, roll, and rotate, each one of which
language more liable to be incorrectly used than
refers to a distinctly different kind of motion,
though we frequently hear them applied indis-
criminately to the same movement. The following
extract from the treatment of the word revolve,
which will be found in the Standard Dictionary,
clearly sets forth the exact meaning of these
words:

which it is being executed. In spite of the recent publication of several new and excellent dictionaries of the English language, I believe your work will fill a niche which would otherwise remain vacant, and, in some of its special features, supplement the best of them with new and valuable information-or, what is of equal importance, with a more skillful arrangement, which renders its inThe grouping of scientific terms, handicraft terms, and terms applying to fruits, flowers, etc., seems to me to constitute such a feature of special value, which will render your Dictionary a desideratum not only to the student of the special topics, but to the general reader and observer who desires to be well informed. I am not aware that such classification has heretofore been undertaken in connection with a popular dictionary of the language. The placing of the etymology after the definition also strikes me as an excellent idea-one which will be appreciated by the public generally. The collecscholar and writer, as well as to all who seek action antonyms and synonyms will be a help to the curacy of definition; and the location of illustrative quotations will likewise be appreciated by every scholarly mind.

In their work upon the Standard Dictionary, our editors permit nothing to prevent a clear, accurate and complete definition being given to each term; but it is of importance second only to this to give such definition in the fewest words. In ordinary cases, the present advancement of knowledge makes the first step comparatively easy: but it requires the most careful study by a logical, scholarly mind, to sift and compress the vast amount of information at hand concerning minor as well as important terms, and put it into the systematic form suitable for such a work as the Standard Dictionary, which will practically be an epitome of all human knowledge. In their study to give all statements of fact with clearness and precision, the editors have found it of advantage to bear in mind the following rules in refer- tionary or in motion; a wagon-wheel rolls along and reference in our public schools, as well as in

ence to

The Use of Singular and Plural
Forms With Possessives.

in

revolve-[The definition which will appear
in the Dictionary is here omitted.]
Synonyms: roll, rotate. Any cylindrical,
spherical, or more or less perfectly round body
rolls when it continuously presents successive
portions of its own surface to successive portions
of another surface, whether its own axis be sta-
the ground; a cylindrical roller rolls when an end-
less towel is drawn over it; to rotate is said of a
body that turns upon an axis within itself; to
revolve is said of a body that moves in a circular or
elliptical curve, or one approximately so, about a

"The great addition to the vocabulary beyond that of any other single-volume dictionary is a strong testimony to the industry and capability of your editorial corps-whose names alone, indeed, are a guarantee of work of the highest order. The work of Mr. Teall, who is a master of the science of compounding English words, will also add an excellent feature of your Dictionary. In standard works of this kind there is the utmost confusion as to the matter of con pounding. Mr. Teall, I am sure, will introduce rational principles of order for the guidance of all students and writers. The Diction will also be of universal value, and should department of Faulty Pronunciation and Faulty make this the Dictionary par excellence, for use LEWIS G. JAMES, (Pres't Brooklyn Ethical Ass'n.),

our homes.

"BROOKLYN, N. Y."

center or focus outside of itself; a revolving body Our Special Advance Offer,

These rules, we believe, have never been given
any work on grammatical and rhetorical sub-may rotate or roll at the same time that it revolves;
jects yet issued:

RULE 1.

Individual possession should be expressed by the singular form; as, the carpenter's tool; a carpenter's plane; the carpenter's plumbing-iron, a carpenter's farm.

NOTE. "A carpenter's tool" is ambiguous, unless restricted to the individual. Better make the distinction as proposed in Rule 1. The same is true of "A tool of a carpenter." Say, "A tool for carpenters," when the whole class is meant.

RULE 2.

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the earth revolves around the sun, and rotates on its
own axis; in popular usage the earth is often said
to revolve about its own axis, or to have a daily
revolution on its axis, but rotate and rotation are
now the accepted, as they are the more accurate,
terms to express this motion; if the earth moved
along a solid, supporting track, it might be said
to roll along its path at the same time that it
revolved around the sun; the cylinder of a revolver (bound in sheep), and herewith forward you ONE DOL-
1 accept your offer for a copy of your Dictionary
rotates; each individual chamber revolves. By LAR in part payment for the same, and will for-
extension, that which is in contact with, or con- ward you the remaining SIX* DOLLARS when you
nected with a rolling body, is often said to roll; notify me that it is ready for delivery. It is understood
as, the car rolls smoothly along the track; objects that if I am not satisfied with the work I shall be at
whose motion approximates or suggests a rotary liberty to send it back within three days after I receive

Signed...

in the singular should be used in the singular or roil; as, ocean waves roll in upon the shore, or
Words that have an abstract or collective sense motion along a supporting surface are also said to it, and you will return my money.
plural as the sense may require.
(1) If the nature of the objects in the class is the ship rolls in the trough of the sea.
prominent, use the singular form; as, a woman's
device (one originating in woman's nature); a
Woman's World's Fair Committee in Europe
(woman's as opposed to man's); a man's crochet;
child's play.

These are the outcome of the nature of each. (2) If the distributive or class idea is prominent, use the plural form; as, a men's convention (one for or composed of men); a women's movement (one for or made up of women); women's bonnets; children's play.

The Dictionary Par Excellence for

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The Ethics of Marriage.

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