sibility of Samuel Fessenden. Under these | New York which forces the election of Mur digest the opinions and reasons that his buzcircumstances General Hawley's victory cannot phy and the Republican machine in Pennsyl-zing ears have been made the receptacle of, he be pronounced a very brilliant one. vania which forces the reëlection of Quay. will aptly conclude that business and finance They are moving with the same methods,' have small connection with baking. He will it says; "they are showing the same contempt find that the Hon. Mr. Gibbs, c-Governor of of decent public opinion, and they are grinding the Bank of England, uttore solemn truth out similar products." After detailing the when he declared that merchants and businessmethods adopted by the Democratic machine men play the game, while the banks only hanin this State to accomplish its end, the Press dle the counters. says of its own party and commonwealth: Providence Journal (Ind.), Jan. 13.-To certain minds there is nothing more inspiring than crushing the minority, ignoring everybody's rights except your own, and placing party before all else. These have been the guiding principles of Governor Bulkeley's action, and it is simply stating a fact familiar enough in Connecticut to say that they have won praise and approval from a good many thick-and-thin Republicans. It is fortunate, however, that he has not been successful in his contest for Senator Hawley's place, for altogether too many men of the peanut politician stripe are being covered in these days with the specious dignity of the Senatorial toga. Mr. Bulkeley would have found congenial company in Senators David B. Hill, Matthew S. Quay, and Edward Murphy, Jr., but happily he has now been relegated to private life for what we may hope is an indefinite term of years. transformed into a villain. He was much better is our work? How much worthier our What the Democratic machine is doing in New York the Republican machine is doing in Pennsylvania. SILVER CREED OF THE FARMERS' ORGAN. We who are now looking to Harrisburg cannot point with scorn to the consummation of Albany. How result? How much more regardful of the true interests of a great commonwealth? Is there anything in the comparison of Mr. Murphy and Mr. Quay which stirs the pride of Pennsylvania? machine secure its triumph by any different or better Does Mr. Quay's methods? SOME ANTI-GOLDBUG VIEWS. A DEFENSE OF THE SHERMAN LAW. CANADA'S INSUFFICIENT GOLD BASIS. Washington National Economist (Farmers Alliance), Jan. 14.-The position of the Economist upon silver is too well known to be misunderstood. It always condemned the Sherman Act and always demanded free coinage, and would always keep the two metals at a parity. A position, therefore, in favor of the repeal of the Sherman Law is not one against. silver. The responsibility resting upon Congress in the repeal of the Sherman Law is not simply that of abolishing a bad law, but it is in giving the productive interests of the country Fall River Globe (Dem.), Jan. 14.-How Atlanta Constitution (Dem.), Jan. 13.-The something better in place of it. The people have the mighty fallen! Here is the whole keen opposition to the Silver Act of 1890 on care nothing for the Sherman Law, but they Republican press putting itself out of the way the part of the money power and the organs want a "national currency, safe, sound, and to give Bulkeley, the famous Connecticut of the monometallists ought to have the effect flexible, issued by the general Government usurper, a kick now that he is down. And yet of convincing the people that the law is more only." They want a money of which every it is not so long ago that they were shouting advantageous to the real interests of the dollar shall be the equal of every other dollar, his praises, commending his gall, and patting country than has heretofore been supposed. and one in which the purchasing power of a The Constitution has dollar is not subject to great and rapid fluctuahim on the back for the glory he was confer- This is indeed the fact. ring on the g.o.p. by stealing the State Gov-opposed the act in its character of a substitute tions. It is of inore importance that the volernment, defying the will of the people, and for a free-coinage measure, and no Democrat, ume of mone be adjusted to the business keeping honest men out of their due. we believe, voted for it. We have alluded to needs of the country, expanding when they a live and a roaring lion then; now that he is it as the Sherman Law, but the fact has re-require it, and contracting when redundant, a dead one, his late admirers have no use for cently transpired that, while Sherman reported than that the volume be increased by such him unless to make a foot-mat of his skin. He the bill as Chairman of the Senate Finance slow, expensive, and doubtful methods as the was good enough to be Governor, and a fraud- Committee, he was in reality opposed to it. Sherman Law. ulent one at that, of the sovereign State of But the operations of the act have shown that Connecticut, but the sensitive Republican it is a better measure for the people than the stomach revolts at the thought that he came Bland-Allison Law which it repealed. The near to being the United States Senator from Bland-Allison Law was well enough in its way, that State. The hero has suddenly become but it only added to our currency $2,000,000 a month, and this was in a shape too bulky to get into circulation rapidly. The act of 1890, Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), Jan. 13.-Under and on the other hand, provides for the monthly equitable Constitution Connecticut would be issue of at least $4,000,000 of legal tender represented in the 53d Congress by at least one notes based on the silver bullion, and these Democratic Senator. Although the Democrats notes have been rapidly absorbed by the busicarried the State in November by more than ness of the country. It will be observed by 5,000 plurality, the Legislature, under the anti-those who take an interest in the financial situquated system of township representation, remains on joint ballot dominated by a Republican majority. Until the Constitution is modified the lawful preponderance of citizens cannot hope to obtain full and fair recognition of their rights. The next best thing that could happen, in existing conditions, is the return of Gen. Joseph R. Hawley to the Senate. General Hawley has for twelve years creditably served the State in the upper branch of Congress. His robust Republican partisanship has often been tempered by discriminating statesmanship. Between his abilities and qualifications and those of his competitors in the Republican caucus, there could be no reasonable comparison. Their appearance as candidates lends point to the saying that "pigmies are allowed to roam where giants alone should dwell." The defeat of Governor Bulkeley, who boldly assailed the caucus with "bar'l" arguments, will be peculiarly gratifying to fair-minded men of all parties. With the defeat of his Senatorial aspirations Bulkeley withdraws to merited obscurity. General Hawley's renomination is a fitting recognition of capacity, experience, and intelligent legislative work. It appropriately complements the promotion of Mr. Lodge to the Senate by the Legislature of Massachusetts. THE RE-ELECTION OF MR. QUAY. New York Evening Post (Ind.-Dem.), Jan. 16. As a rule Republican organs denounce the selection of Murphy for United States Senator in this State as a characteristic Democratic performance which could not be duplicated in the Republican party. The Philadelphia Press, however, is honest enough to make frank confession that there is an exact Parallel between the Democratic machine in " on the Dominion note issue is a blow at the absurd Toronto Grip. Jan. 14.-Every increase of "gold basis" superstition which holds the commercial and industrial world in bondage to the Shylocks. The true basis of a currency is not gold or silver, but credit; but because, as a concession to popular ignorance and stupidity, governments are obliged to treat a palpable fiction as though it were a reality, and require ation that the present opposition to the Silver some semblance of a metallic basis, the comLaw is based wholly on the fact that it adds munity is the poorer not only by a tribute $4,000,000 legal tender notes to the volume of levied by those who control gold, but to a far our currency. This is called inflation," and greater extent by the stagnation resulting from those who have an interest in making money an inadequate circulating medium. Any measscarce and dear are tremendously opposed to ure is a step forward which reduces the importinflation. They don't want free coinage, they ance of gold and substitutes the public credit. don't want State banks, they don't want green-It is to be hoped that the Government in future, backs. Everything except contraction is instead of running to England when in need of in the nature of inflation," and "in-money and borrowing-not gold by any means, flation," they say, is sure to bring the but the credit of Lombard street moneycountry to a silver basis, in spite of the mongers-will have the sense and courage to fact that there is no silver standard utilize the credit of the country for which no which our currency can rest. Why, even the usury need be paid. Bland-Allison Act was "inflation." The money power thundered against it most strenuously. It was sure to drive out gold; it was sure to bring us to a silver basis; it was to plunge everything into chaos. These dire predictions were made as late as 1884, and then they suddenly ceased. The prophets suddenly retired, slinking out of sight as unostentatiously as possible. If their coming in had been as modest as their going out, they would have more influence now, when they have again hung out their signs as true prophets. They are making a great noise. They are going about with drums and gongs, and creating a din that would be alarming if it were not discredited by the common sense of the country, by the prosperous condition of business, and by the fact that those who are prophesying are known to be false prophets whose talents are subsidized. It is true that the bankers are inclined to protest against the Silver Law, but he who thinks that bankers are financial experts, or that they have a scientific knowledge of the operations of financial measures, has only to go among those of his acquaintance and ask them why they are opposed to the act of 1890. When he gets through with that job, and begins to A REPUBLICAN PI.EA FOR PRACTICAL PARTY METHODS. The election of Mr. Murphy marks the restoration of practical politics to the ascendancy in New York. It revives the old war spirit on both sides of the line. It is a warning to the Republicans that they can no longer fall back on the old easy reliance of superior virtue, but must fight if they would recover their lost ground. The Republicans have fallen behind in this State because they scorned to fight the enemy with his own weapons, and sent out solicitations to the people to behold and admire their superior goodness. The more they did this the more indifferent the people became. And that indifference turned into disgust when the Australian Ballot Law was foisted upon the State by the "unco guid" leaders of the party. Reform has been the watchword of the Republicans, and their own reforms have smote them hip and thigh. Hill and Murphy preferred the old way by which victories were achieved by Republicans with unbroken success till the reform fad seized upon them. As they strengthened themselves and their party by practical methods, they saw their enemy grow weaker and weaker. They have at last reached the point where criminal means may be resorted to without fear or danger, for they are the masters of Courts and magistrates. If moral considerations were wholly eliminated from politics they might hope to retain their hold forever. And even this may not be impossible, if, after having gained power by means not approved by conscientious men, they show high and honest devotion to duty. They can commend themselves to their State by faithfully representing its interests, though in that way they might incur the accusation of being better than the party."-Troy Telegram (Rep.), Jan. 14. held by the authorities at Washington that, as VIEWS OF THE ADVOCATES OF SUNDAY-CLOSING. men, then, certainly, the Fair managers should not be allowed to open their gates on that day, since to do that would be to defeat some of the noblest ends that the Christian observance of the day has in view. SPECIMEN CHICAGO OPINIONS. The resolutions are so Christian Statesman (Pittsburgh), Jan. 14.Chicago Tribuue, Jan. 14.—Following the Notwithstanding the repeated warnings of their lead of the Directors of the World's Fair and own lawyer, the Directors have gone forward of the Common Council, and directly reprein their violations of the law, and have been senting the wishes of the wage-workers and sanctioned in their course by the Commission the majority of the people of the State of Ilin spite of protests from the people represent-linois, resolutions were introduced in the Leing as many people as those against Sunday-gislature Thursday requesting Congress to opening. Congress should now be constrained rescind its action by which it proposes to close to insist on the provision in its law establish- the Fair Sundays. ing the Fair that State laws shall be respected. THE SUPPLICATION OF THE COLORADO Not to do so, now that the attention of ConCHAPLAIN.-The newly-elected chaplain of gress has been called to this lawlessness not the Legislature of Colorado created a sensa-only by petitions but also by Congressmen tion by some of the petitions in his prayer at Atkinson and Dingley in speeches on the floor the opening of the legislative session. Among of Congress, would be a national approval of other things which he said in his address to gilt-edged anarchy. the throne of divine grace," was the following: of one. We shall pray especially for the majority of this House. We hope that they will be better than the last Legislature, or else that they may not have a majority We are told to pray for our enemies, and we do so, so far as they need our prayers, and we hope all party lines may be covered up; and we pray for the Populists and Democrats, and we hope that they will be resigned to their fate. We infer from these expressions that Chaplain Peck does not entertain a very complimentary opinion of the last Legislature of Colorado, and that he anticipates that the Democrats and Populists in the present Legislature are desined to come to grief, and will have occasion to learn and practice the virtue of resignation. We do not indulge in any great expectations of good to come to legislative bodies from the prayers offered by their chaplains; such assemblies are much more likely to be controlled by bosses and boodle, by partnership and prejudice, than by divine influences. Our idea is that the time for prayers in behalf of good government, and wise and just legislation, is before the elections, and the prayers should be in the direction of influencing the people who do the voting to elect honest and competent men to office. If that desideratum is not secured, we do not hope for much from postelection or perfunctory legislative prayers.Jersey City Evening Journal. A great ado has been made over the articles much worded as to leave it discretionary with the officials whether they shall stop the machinery, but as those officials have already decided that the machinery shall stop if the Fair is open Sundays, the discretionary reference becomes simply a matter of courtesy. The large vote, 107 to 28, by which the House refused to table the resolutions, indicates that they will be passed when reported back. They express the wishes of the large majority of the people of Illinois, and as such they will commend themselves to the serious consideration of Congress. Chicago Herald, Jan. 13.-A lot of fellows, including the chronic Joseph Cook, of Boston, addressed the Congressional World's Fair Committee on the subject of Sunday-closing. They threatened that the Fair would be boycotted by the churches if the Sunday gates should be opened. It was alleged that 40,000,ooo people would refuse to go to Chicago unUnion Signal (W. C. T. U. organ, Chicago), less the Fair should adopt the Puritan "SabJan. 12.-If the friends of Sunday-opening of bath" as its chief law. One of the ultra orthothe World's Fair would be frank and include in dox members of the Sunday lobby ciphered it the reasons why the gates should be ajar out that the Fair would lose $7,600,000 (no on the Rest Day of the week, as the first odd cents) by the open Sunday policy. These consideration, that it will bring in very men are as impracticable in lobby methods as more money, we should consider with greater they are in other affairs of business life. They interest the other arguments that they put for- make false pretenses of their influence. ward; but it is well understood that the al-threaten boycotts that they cannot enforce. They mighty dollar forms the turning-point in the They excite antagonism by taunts and menaces. decisions of the Directorate and the Commis- They are wild, inconsistent, bigoted, partisan, sioners. Nor can we greatly blame them, for and of no account. they carry heavy burdens; but we should admire the enlightened public opinion of the country, They do not represent them more if they wonld give the "inside facts" in their pronunciamentos. They are always for the workingman and never for the dollar in what they say, but the opposite is largely true of what they do. The same criticism applies to the attitude of the management on the subject of liquor at the World's Fair, It is perfectly understood that every concession THE QUESTION OF SUNDAY-CLOSING brings in an immense deal of money to swell RELIGIOUS. OF THE WORLD'S FAIR. The continued discussion of the question of the closing of the World's Fair on Sundays is due to the efforts that are being made to repeal the Sunday-closing provision adopted at the last session of Congress. This provision required the World's Fair management to keep the Fair closed on Sundays as a condition of the support of the Federal Government. Senator Quay, of Pennsylvania, was the author of the measure as adopted by the Senate. The vote in the Senate (July 13) on the motion to lay the Quay amendment on the table stood: Yeas, II; nays, 45; not voting, 32. In the House (July 20) the Sunday-closing resolution of Congressman W. A. Stone was carried by this vote: Yeas, 147; nays, 61; not voting, the aggregate of receipts, and the men engaged nor any part of it. Chicago Mail, Jan. 12.-Where the speech of Joseph Cook, chief exponent of unculture in Boston, made before the Fair Committee of the House yesterday is not merely impudent, it is insolent. Beginning with an assumption of care for the material welfare of the workingmen, and fear lest they be unable to protect themselves, he proceeds to argue from a day of disorder in Chicago if the Fair be opened on Sunday. All three positions are false. Organized labor, with every respect for true religion, has nothing but contempt for mere preachers. From the beginning of the labor movement the exponents of dogmatic religion dation of workingmen, and when not openly opposed absolutely apathetic. Everything the workingmen have obtained from employers has been in spite of the clergy, not because of them. They now demand an open Sunday, and their congresses are outspoken in that behalf. CATHOLIC MATTERS. Boston Daily Traveller, Jan. 14.-We hope, with Bishop Spaulding, that " the great god-have been notoriously opposed to any consolidess Lubricity" will be excluded from the Fair, and just as fervently we hope that the interests of the toiling masses will be subserved. But the latter is one of the very reasons why we do not favor opening the Fair on Sunday. A Sunday opening would not be in the interests of thousands of " the toiling classes," for, even if all the machinery were shut down and nothing were allowed to be sold on the grounds, great numbers of railroad employés and others would be deprived of their Sunday rest. Workingmen will be afforded plenty of opportunities, first and last, to see the Fair, without having to visit in on Sunday, and they, above all other classes, it seems to us, ought to be interested in having the Exposition gates closed on the first day of the week. As to Bishop Spaulding's argument that "if it is right to visit the Fair on any day, it is right to visit it on Sunday," we think that, unless he believes that Sunday is no different from any other day and we presume that he does believe it to be a different day is argument is a trifle weak. If Sunday is the day for rest and abstinence from secular pursuits, and is needed for the higher life of The Pope last week appointed Archbishop Satolli to the position of Apostolic Delegate in America. Accordingly Archbishop Satolli, whose mission has been regarded hitherto as a temporary one, for special and immediate purposes, is vested with permanent powers, and becomes definitely the chief dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church in America. Although the policies with which Archbishop Satolli is identified thus appear to be fully established, the controversies between the conservative elements of the Church, represented by Archbishop Corrigan, and the liberal ele ments, represented by Archbishop Ireland and Cardinal Gibbons, continue. The supporters of Archbishop Ireland and Cardinal Gibbons are quite aggressive in charging that Archbishop Corrigan has manifested a disposition to resist autho...y and give his sanction to the continued discussion of questions that have been settled (particularly the school question). good can come of this feverish and hysterical | Herzes, the Artons, and the Reinachs were ARCHBISHOP SATOLLI'S APPOINTMENT-A CRIT- coming from Rome and from centres of Cath ICISM. olic activity in this country. Much mischief IS THE REPUBLIC IN DANGER? New York Staats-Zeitung, Jan. 14.-A Rouvier and even a Freycinet having been crushed by the exposures-not to speak of numberless great persons of lesser importance,-the lines are drawn closer and closer to the President himself. Already the Panama disclosures the Ministry with which M. Carnot was conhave overwhelmed well-nigh every member of nected for years. Springfield Republican, Jan. 16.-Monsignor Satolli, the Archbishop of Lepanto, has been certified to as permanent Apostolic Delegate to the United States. Cardinal Gibbons has ex pressed his satisfaction, and has given out that knowing that their decision will be based upon he and Satolli are close friends. This is very the soundest principles. It is also willing to interesting. The Cardinai is a man of singu- believe that the distinguished Papal Legate What makes the situation lar wisdom and patience. He is recognized as is a sound theologian, a devout Catholic, most critical is the fact that Clémenceau also, the leader in the Americanization of the Church a trusted messenger or delegate of the Sov- the leader of the so-called Extreme Left, seems which he has dared to foretell. He would ereign Pontiff, and a man of profound eruto be seriously compromised. At all times seem to any unprejudiced judgment the man dition. It would also respectfully urge upon the Opportunists have been obliged to rely above all others to whom the decision of ques- Catholic journals the necessity of absolute upon the help of Clémenceau for parliamenttions of Church policy and government in this unity of action on all questions that have ary victory. Whenever the "Extreme Left" country should be consigned. He knows Amer- been settled authoritatively. Let us fight has seen fit to withdraw its favor from the ica, he has repeatedly taken occasion to pro- the common foe, who is ever vigilant in seek- Ministry and it has chosen to do that nounce himself American, he has apparently ing out the most vulnerable spot for attack. far too often for the interests of held that the claims of the Church could be Let us discountenance dissension, rancor, and stability, - the Government of the day maintained withont infringing on the personal all uncharitableness in estimating the motives has found itself in a hopeless position. liberty of the citizen. No one ever questioned and purposes of ecclesiastical guides and Monarchists, Boulangists, and revolutionists his capacity or his faithfulness. If there were leaders. By doing so we will best accomplish ARCHBISHOP IRELAND'S ORGAN. FOREIGN MATTERS. alike have been very willing on such occasions to unite their votes (more than one-third of the whole number of votes in the Chamber) with those of Clémenceau's followers, to bring about the overthrow of the Ministry. The blight of the Panama scandal touches all the elements that have been considered identical with the existence of the citizens' Republic. Accordingly there is justification for the inquiry whether the Republic itself is not in danger. It is a sad enough state of affairs which makes it necessary to recognize-necessary, that is, if one wishes to view facts as they are and not be a victim of great self-deception, -that the answer to this question depends chiefly upon the attitude of the army-yes, to speak more definitely, upon the attitude of a of the Paris garrison. Paris will decide now, single man, who is entrusted with the command assumed all at once extraordinary vivacity: The conclusion may be accepted that Saussier, 14. The attacks on President Carnot have as it always has decided, the fate of France. These do not emanate from sheets without authority alone, like Libre Parole and the although no republican from principle, is Cocarde, but are found now in the columns of faithful to the lawful Government. He has radical journals. The friends of Floquet, honorably withstood mischievious attempts Clémenceau, and their comrades cannot forgive legal head of the State, Carnot, should fall prosupon his loyalty. But how would it be it the the President for having encouraged the pros-trate in the mud of the Panama scandal? And ecution of the politicians compromised in the what would happen if Saussier should die? And, Panama affair. Never did a political intrigue or a personal attack against the First Magis- finally, what if the army too should prove There were letters, interviews, and pamphlets, trate of a great republic have more frivolous to be permeated by corruption, and Saussier all breathing the same spirit, and all disclosing foundation. What President Carnot has been should lose supreme control? These unsolved The Minnesota Northwestern Chronicle is published in Archbishop Ireland's diocese, and is generally regarded as his organ. In its issue for Jan. 13 the Chronicle says: The Chicago Post has unearthed a most villainous conspiracy against Archbishop Ireland and Monsignor Satolli, the Papal Ablegate: a conspiracy which has been traced through many windings to the very door of the Archbishop of New York. The exposure of this unfortunate conspiracy was a surprise to us; but the existence of a plot of this nature has been an assured fact for some time. There was the bad odor of an evil scheme in the air. THE FRENCH SITUATION. Courrier des Etats Unis (New York), Jan. if there were sufficient room for freedom of the same mission. Their purpose was to in-reproached with would not, in ordinary times. questions would not have so serious an aspect jure Monsignor, Ireland and to attempt to evoke the slightest comment. nullify Monsignor Satolli's work. The Chron In the present icle sincerely regrets this lamentable affair. condition of public opinion, the Radicals have action, so as to enable the Republic to reconstruct itself through a reformation of parties However, it is well that light has been an idea that they can make capital out of and a union of all the forces that are true to let in upon it-that it is now in full view. The the Baihaut affair, and on that idea they the citizens' Republic. And so, while observact. What they charge M. Carnot with Catholic Church is a friend of the light. Un- is this: he affixed his ministerial signature ing the swift and impressive march of events, and while always hoping that the Republic will American. Perhaps good may come of the to a project of law of which he personally survive the difficult crisis, it remains an open derhand scheming is as un-Catholic as it is un It is exposure of this conspiracy. In any event, it dent humanity of the Church is an undeniably disapproved, but which the majority of his question (with all that that implies) whether the life of the Republic is really safe. It was Baltimore American, Jan. 16. thought that the French scandal would exert a more serious influence on the Government because of the French temperament, but those who have followed closely the events of the last month must admit both the fearlessness of the men who control the destinies of the French republic and the steady, unflinching support of those men by the great mass of the French people. It is now seen that the conspiracies of the Monarchists and Bonapartists, and the frothy threats of the Anarchists and Socialists, have been mere Parisian pyrotechnics, which have not evoked any extra precaution from the Government and have not excited the slightest sympathy outside of Paris. Paris is no longer France, nor does it reflect accurately the opinions of the French people. This is not the least valuable of the lessons taught by the | with patience the aspersions and calumnies of | men in a hundred would have failed, he was to He occupy a place unique in history, pilloried unpleasant experiences which the Republic has disappointed and envenomed enemies. recently passed through. did nothing to dishonor his high station, and there for all ages as the first and last Fraudulent much to ennoble it. President of the United States! Poor commonplace Hayes! The temptation was strong for any soul not of heroic fibre, and you yielded without a struggle; but the punishment is terrible, for it is cumulative as the years go by, and will last as long as type gives ink to paper. THE LEGITIMATE COST OF THE PANAMA CANAL. Providence Journal, Jan. 16.—M. Flory, the Government expert at Paris, who has been telling the Deputies where the Panama money went to, says that out of the 1,434,000,000 francs received by the canal company, 199.000,000 were expended upon the management of the concern, 249,000,000 in interest on coupons, and 550,000,000 on actual canal operations. Of this last amount only 107,000,000 francs, or somewhat more than $20,000,000, went to the workmen on the big ditch, the remainder being pocketed by the contractors or by them employed in many devious ways. Now M. Eiffel's profit alone was 33,000,000 francs, we are told, and that of the other contractors a third more, so that when we come to the total legitimately spent upon the canal itself-if such a term is permissible in the face of what seems to have been almost universal extravagance-we find that a good deal actually has been accomplished, considering the money expended. A few months.ago Rear Admiral Seymour of the British Navy presented in the Nineteenth Century a detailed account of the present condition of the canal. As he then pointed out, one-fifth the work is now complete, if the original plans for a sea-level canal are adhered to, or onethird, if the later scheme embracing locks and two artificial lakes, is considered. These facts indicate that the Panama canal is by no means a financial impossibility, for they show that at a comparatively reasonable figure a considerable proportion of the total work contemplated has been accomplished. Financiers of the defunct French company's stripe will hardly succeed in connecting the Atlantic and Pacific by a navigable canal at Panama, but that is by no means saying that it cannot be done. OBITUARY. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. New York Tribune (Rep.), Jan. 18. leadership in the struggle for honest finance For New York Morning Advertizer (Rep.), Jan. 18.-The result of the election of 1876 was involved in doubt for a time, but so soon as he became convinced that he was really elected he prosecuted his rights with a cool firmness that won him respect everywhere. He had the courage to insist that the will of the people should be respected, even when to carry it out subjected him to the gravest dangers. His Administration of the office was able and statesmanlike to an extraordinary degree. After his retirement from that office he lived a clean and dignified life, avoiding offensive ostentation and occupying himself with benevo. lent work among the poor and unfortunate, and especially devoting himself to the old soldiers, whom he loved as the saviours of the country. There never lived a better, purer American than Rutherford B. Hayes. BENJAMIN F. BUTLER. New York Sun, Jan. 12.-For the last quarter of a century at least Benjamin Franklin Butler has stood out at the most original, the most American, and the most picturesque character in our public life. He had courage equal to every occasion; his given word needed no backer; his friendships and his enmities knew no variableness or shadow of turning; his opinions were never disguised nor withheld; his devotion to his country was without qualification; his faith in the future of liberty and democracy was neither intoxicated by their victories nor disheartened by their defeats; his intellectual resources were marvelous; his mind naturally adhered to the cause of the poor and the weak, and his delight was to stand by the under dog in the fight. In these qualities he was a great and an exceptional man, and his friends valued him and loved him as truly as his foes detested. But was he great always and in everything? Were his thoughts always thoughts of reality, and his utterances and acts always the utterances and acts of wisdom? Who would say so? No man attains to that height, and no man ever scorned the impostures of sham goodness and unattainable perfection more than Ben Butler. He was no pretender and no hypocrite. He lived his life, a life full of energy, of effort, of success, and of failure, and he has passed to the allotted reward; while we who remain may well be grateful to Heaven that such a man has been: Nor farther seek his merits to disclose, New York Times (Ind.-Dem.), Jan. 18.-The purity of the President's purposes, his courage, consistency, and firmness were rarely questioned, but the opposition to him of the Democratic party was bitter, while the support of the Republicans was at best lukewarm. In his letter of acceptance he expressed his opposition to the reelection of Presidents, and avowed his purpose of not being a candidate for reëlection under any circumstances, and he advocated in one of his earliest messages an amendment of the Constitution extending the term to six years and prohibiting reëlections. He was never considered as a candidate for reëlection, and at the end of his term retired to his home in Ohio. His public career ended with his retirement from the Presidency, and he led a tranquil life at his home in Fremont, Ohio, appearing as a distinguished guest on many occasions of public celebration or military reunion. His most recent public appearances were at the Columbus celebration in and this city last October at the dedication of the World's Fair buildings in Chicago a few days later. Mr. Hayes was for some years one of the Trustees of the Boston Democrat, Jan. 15.-He was, in Peabody Fund for the education of colored every sense of the word, a friend of humanity, children in the South, and was assiduous in his and in his philosophy he tried to be consistent attention to duty in that capacity. He was also as far as possible. The incongruities of his interested in several organizations for the pro-composition may be dwelt upon by some men, President Hayes was qualified by his pre-motion of material and social interests, and perhaps men who do not agree except with eminent services in his own State. Ohio had took part in their meetings. Otherwise he themselves,-but such variations, so to speak, been the battle-ground of anti-slavery before passed his latest years entirely out of the pub. in his make up, may be attributed to his lack the war; it was also the battle-ground after lic view. The purity of his private and per- of policy as common to trimmers in political the war, where the cause of honest money was sonal life was never questioned, and during his life, and who ever seek to bask in the smile of to be upheld and a Democracy committed to term of office at Washington there was the successful party. Parties often shifted fiat currency and repudiation of national distinct elevating of the tone and standard of their policies in Butler's day, but Butler all the pledges was to be defeated. It was in the official life. There is no doubt that his Ad- while never changed from those principles of Ohio campaign which preceded Governor ministration served a very useful purpose in the people as symbolized in the needs and Hayes's election to the Presidency that the the transition from sectional artagonism to demands of a common democracy. victory for specie resumption and public faith national harmony, and from the old methods was practically won. As the leader in that of dealing with the public service as party M. Halstead, in the Brooklyn Standardwell-fought and closely contested canvass, it spoils to the new method of placing ascertained Union, Jan. 14. He was a formidable memwas reserved for him with the aid of Secretary merit and demonstrated fitness above party ber of Congress, and drifted after a while Sherman to carry out the resumption policy and service or requirements. It was an inevitable toward the Democratic party; but there was to establish national credit on enduring foundations. This was the crowning glory of the consequence that he should lose popularity not a disposition to receive him as a long-lost and political influence in serving these im- brother. He had said many terrible things. Hayes Administration. It remains to this day portant ends, but the value of his services will He had sworn on the battlefield to be true to his title to honorable fame among the greatest nevertheless be permanently recognized. the cause of the black man. He had hanged and most patriotic American Presidents. a man for tearing down the American flag. President Hayes was persistently libelled New York Sun (Dem.), Jan. 18-Mr. Hayes He had been outlawed by Beauregard and Jeff while in office and after his retirement as a went home from the war with an honorable Davis for an order that treated New Orleans fraudulent Executive. Never were partisan record of gallant service. In Congress and in ladies who insulted the blue uniform as women defamers more unjust or illogical_in_their Ohio politics he was a respectable figure for of the town plying their vocation. He had strictures and aspersions. No other President ten or a dozen years. As Governor of Ohio proclaimed the slaves contraband of war. ever had so valid and incontestable a title to he reached the highest station for which he Butler was deeply distressed by the Hayesthe office. Whatever may be said respecting had been fashioned. Fortunate would have Tilden campaign, and had much to say. the struggle over Returning Boards in the been his lot had death or retirement from public 1878 he was investigating, and seemed to three contested Southern States, it cannot be life closed his career at that time. History believe he had hold of the threads of a condenied that by the concurrent action of both would have concerned itself little with his spiracy. He was, in fact, in one of his Houses of Congress and of the United States memory, but the few lines written on the page transitions. He shocked the sentimentalism Supreme Court his title to the Presidency was would have contained kind words only. of Massachusetts at last, and trampled on her passed upon, sanctioned, and guaranteed. The incomprehensible decree of destiny, another traditions by becoming Governor, and I saw supreme legislative council and the court of and a very different fate was reserved for him in a third Democratic National Convenlast resort united in certifying to the validity Rutherford B. Hayes. This quiet citizen of tion-the one that first nominated Cleveland. of his election, and it was morally impossible orderly life and creditable conduct within the There he combined the parts of old Constitufor him to act otherwise than he did in taking limits set for mediocre abilities, was to be sub- tional Democrat, War Democrat, Labor Demohis inauguration oath. He accepted the rejected to a supreme test of moral endurance; crat, and Protection Democrat, and the Democsponsibilities of office with dignity, and endured and, failing in that test, as perhaps ninety-nine racy at large were appalled by his effrontery. a By an In The scene as he commended the Democratic | the dead man for whom our Nashville contem- his education. In this he was aided by Bishop party then and there "to the help of God," as porary desires "to make a Roman holiday." Whelan of Wheeling, and after two years at he (General Butler) could help them no It is a wonderful specimen of editorial writing college he took up his studies alone at home, longer, was almost equal to that when he left with a pen of brimstone and an inkstand of became a very successful lawyer, and when the Baltimore Convention twenty-four years fire. But why all this flaming outburst? only 29 was nominated for Congress. The before because he could not stay where piracy Granting that the South had good cause to record of his life is good reading for young was advocated. hate Butler, what good can all this fiery lan- men if they are at the turning point of their guage in a Southern newspaper accomplish? career and would know the elements of successNothing more than to revive dead issues and and honor. Mr. Kenna was always a worker: stir up old strifes and animosities-such as he held fast to the faith that insured an honored should now be dead or dying. Such editorials and useful life; his political advancement came as the one quoted from our Nashville contem- to him as the reward of honest labor, devotion Porary are calculated to stir up the bitterest to duty, and to the highest standards of political feelings; they furnish a text for South-hating activity. The country has need of such men. extremists, and the whole South comes under row. struction. GENERAL BUTLER AND THE SOUTH. condemnation and criticism. DEATHS OF SENATORS. Syracuse Journal, Jan. 13.-The death of Senator Kenna of West Virginia marks a singular fatality among the members of the United States Senate during the present Con-gress. There have now been four deaths among. them since the 52d Congress was called together a little more than a year ago. Senator Plumb died in Washington, Dec. 20, 1891; Senator Barbour died in that city May 14; Senator Gibson died at Hot Springs, Ark., Dec. 15, and now Senator Kenna. FANNY KEMBLE. Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, Jan. 12.-. General Butler rejoiced that he was not a fool, and above all things that he was never taken for a fool. Seemingly independent ofttimes in his public actions, he was ever shrewdly cal. culating on the effect of his conduct upon the public mind. He loved notoriety and fame, and if he could not secure the latter, the first was at all times within his reach. A hundred years hence General Butler will be looked Detroit Journal, Jan. 14.-The whole rebel upon as the stormy petrel of the civil war; one world and their sympathizers in the North and who was dreaded more than he was admired; in Europe could never fully express their horused to accomplish certain difficult purposes, ror over the hanging of Montfort in New but always beyond control, always uncertain, Orleans. After the capture of the city Butler always vindictive, suspicious, jealous, and replaced the Stars and Stripes on the Governunhappy. Lincoln said of him that he gave ment Buildings. There were threats that the him more trouble than any other officer in national flag would be torn down again, and the field. He did not know what to do with Butler in turn threatened to hang any one who him, yet he dared not dismiss him. So, later, did so. Montfort, a young, rash, impudent in politics, he was always in hot water and fellow thought it would be a fine thing to show never comfortable out of it. The result of it his bravado by climbing up the pole of the all is the general summary passed by the gen- Custom House and pulling down the flag. eration in which he lived, and which it is cer- Butler was, of course, as good as his word, and tain he dreaded all his later life. In the closing hung him. Even the rebels could hardly believe Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, Jan. 17.words of his preface to his remarkable book, it that any but themselves were brave and would It has been so long since Fanny Kemble-as is his earnest, yet under the circumstances do what they said. But the dangling corpse of the world insists on calling her-was promiquite absurd, wish to be able to live long Montfort told a very different story. He had nent in public movement that the news of her enough successfully to meet all criticisms no trouble about keeping the flag flying after death occasions, as much as aught else, surprise evoked thereby. This work itself, from be- that, except as the rebel women spat on it and that her life should have extended into these ginning to end, is a bitter assault upon the the soldiers in union uniform, and poured latter days. To young people she is only a living and the dead, chiefly the latter-who, of the nastiest kind of slops on them as they name, if even that, but the middle-aged recourse, cannot reply. The lesson of such a passed under their windows. Then came his member her as a marked factor, in her Shakelife should deeply impress itself upon those world-wide famous order that they should be spearean readings, in high-grade entertain-of to-day who will be the leaders of to-mor-treated as indecent women if they did indecent ments, while the old-where they have not The young men of this time must learn things. Of course they writhed and stormed; lost all touch with the life of the garish by the experience of those gone before. All but they behaved. The decent women did not, lamps"-recall her as one of the bright thehistory thus teaches, and the life of General and the indecent did, want to be mistaken for atrical figures of their youth. Mrs. Kemble Butler in this respect is full of wholsome in- their opposites. So both kinds behaved them- herself was early disillusioned with the selves, and the results vindicated General But-stage. Like Macready, she expressed herself ler's method of dealing with that thoroughly on that subject in no uncertain tones. There hostile population. Abuse of him for these were a few youthful years in which she took acts still lingers. One or two of the newsa certain interest in acting, but always, as it papers in England that sympathized with the seems, with a subtaste of dislike. Finally, South during the war have improved the op- she regarded that calling with a feeling. portunity offered by his death to renew the scarcely less than aversion. There never yet bitter attacks they made upon him at that was a real artist who did not believe in his time for the way in which he conquered and art, and thus it naturally came that Fanny cleansed New Orleans. The Southern papers Kemble did not greatly, as an actress, carry will probably do the same thing. But the down the traditions of her famous family.. Union people of the North and their sym- She had a large share of its ability, but a. pathizers abroad always stood by Butler. peculiar individuality stood in the way. Still, In proof, however, that it was she had enormous vogue in the few years she no part of a malignant nature, consider his behavior was on the stage. The wonderful Mrs. Sidtoward Montford's family afterwards. His dons, the greatest actress of all time, was her mother was dependent on her son for her sup- aunt; the majestic John Philip Kemble was port. General Butler took the family under her uncle; her father, Charles Kemble, was his personal care, cleared the mortgage from one of the most eminent light comedians the the homestead, and afterward secured her a stage has known; and various other memposition in one of the departments at Washing-bers of the family were distinguished. Thus ton. When she was afterward displaced he at when the young Frances Kemble came with once took a train to the capital, and did not a bound upon the boards-she acted leading. rest until he had her reinstated. Butler was parts from the start-it was to a place ready incrusted with faults, but withal his govern- and anxious to welcome her. In particular, ment and conquest of New Orleans will shine she was the first star of eminence to visit as the best exhibition of his patriotism and de- America, and with this country her career was votion to the Union, his fearlessness and the so intimately worked up-professionally and plentitude of his shrewd and ready resources. socially-that she became practically more of an American than an English woman. The story of her married life, including her fierce protest against slavery, is of peculiar interest. And she has told it herself in a book (the 'Autobiography") so unreserved as to make it a curiosity of literature, ranking almost with the confessions of Cellini and Rousseau. In various subsequent books Mrs. Kemble also showed the true literary faculty, and it is on her writings and her readings that her reputation rests rather than on her youthful efforts as an actress. a reader she may fairly be said to have been matchless; no one before or since has had such a hold on the public in that capacity. strong and eng ging character was Fanny Kemble, and the discussion which the news of her death is likely to excite can only result in increased respect for her. Atlanta Constitution, Jan. 15.-The Southern press has paid its respects to Ben Butler in various ways. The South has no cause to hold him in any measure of esteem, and it was not to be expected that the editorial obituaries which were written of him would be very temperate or charitable in tone. But some of our contemporaries-and notably the New Orleans Times-Democrat-spoke of the dead man briefly and did not damn him dead as other papers did. When his death was announced the Constitution said: "We presume that the bitterness which some of his antics during the war created in the South has pretty well disappeared." But the Nashville American comes forward with an editorial which proves the contrary-in that section, at least. Here is an extract: Old Ben Bntler is dead! Early yesterday morning the angel of death, acting under the devil's orders, took him from earth and landed him in hell. In all this southern country there are no tears, no sighs, and no regrets. He lived only too long. We are glad he has at last been removed from earth and even pity the devil the possession he has secured. If there is a future of peace in store for Ben Butler, after his entrance upon eternity, then there is no heaven and the Bible is a lie. If hell be only as black as the good book describes it then there are not the degrees of punishment in which some Christians so firmly believe. He has gone, and from the sentence which has already been passed upon him there is no appeal. He is already so deep down in the pit of everlasting doom that he couldn't get the most powerful ear trumpet conceivable to scientists and hear the echoes of old Gabriel's trumpet. or fly a million kites and get a message to St. Peter, who stands guard at heaven's gate. In our statute-books many holidays are decreed. It was an egregious oversight that one on the occasion of the death of Ben Butler was not foreordained. The "Beast" is dead. The cymbals should beat and the tin horn should get in its work. The above should go on record as one of the most remarkable editorials which has appeared in this century. It beats anything in that line which we have ever seen, and we are certain that we shall not soon see another like it. It is as lurid as the place to which it has consigned JOHN E. KENNA. Pittsburgh Post, Jan. 13.-There was great promise of future usefulness and achievement in Senator Kenna of West Virginia, and his death has been received with unusual manifestations of sorrow, especially in his own State. Although the youngest member of the Senate, in the record of successful work he had lived a long life, and there is a great deal in its record to encourage the aspiring and moneyless young man. What he did was accomplished by frugality, a deep sense of duty, and untiring industry. When he returned from the war-and the army he was with west of the Mississippi only surrendered in June, 1865. three months after Appomattox-he was only nineteen, and his first thought was to better As A very |