procedure preparatory to and the adjustment by hand of such misaligned or displaced vertebrae and surrounding bones or tissues (C.L. 48, par. 338.156).

Minnesota Statutes 1953.

MINNESOTA

Published by the State of Minnesota (1954)

Chapter 148.01. Chiropractic. Subd. 1. For the purpose of section 148.01 to 148.10 "chiropractic" is hereby defined as being the science of adjusting any abnormal articulations of the human body, especially those of the spinal column, for the purpose of giving freedom of action to impinged nerves that may cause pain or deranged functions.

Subd. 2. The practice of chiropractic is declared not to be the practice of medicine, surgery or osteopathy.

Chapter 148.08. How regulated. Subd. 2. Chiropractors shall be subject to the same rules and regulations, both municipal and State, that govern other licensed doctors or physicians in the control of contagious and infectious diseases, and shall be entitled to sign health and death certificates, and to all rights and privileges of other doctors or physicians in all matters pertaining to the public health, except prescribing internal drugs or the practice of surgery and obstetrics.

MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi Code 1942, Annotated. Published by the authority of Legislature. (1944). Supplements to 1954

There is no definition of chiropractic and no reference to chiropractor, with one exception:

Local Privilege Tax Law of 1944, says about taxation:

"Paragraph 9696-148. Physicians, dentists, osteopaths, and chiropractors, etc. Upon each physician, dentist, *** chiropractor, ***whether practicing alone or with another *** $10.00 (supersedes par. 9590. Code of 1942).

MISSOURI

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes. Under arrangement of the official Missouri Revised Statutes of 1949 (1952). Supplements to 1956

Chapter 331.010. Defining practice of chiropractic. The practice of chiropractic is hereby defined to be the science and art of palpating and adjusting by hand the movable articulations of the human spinal column for the correction of the cause of abnormalities and deformities of the body. It shall not include the use of operative surgery, obstetrics, osteopathy, nor the administration or prescribing of any drug or medicine. The practice of chiropractic is hereby declared not to be the practice of medicine and surgery or osteopathy within the meaning of sections 334.010 to 334.180 or chapter 337, RSMo 1949, and not subject to the provisions of said chapters (R.S. 1939, par. 10051).

Chapter 331.040. Subject to State and municipal regulations. Chiropractic practitioners shall be subject to all state and municipal regulations relating to the control of contagious diseases, the reporting and certifying of deaths, and all matters pertaining to public health, and such reports shall be accepted by the officer or department to whom such report is made (R.S. 1939, par. 10056).

Revised Codes of Montana, 1947.

MONTANA

Annotated. Published under Chapter 43, Laws of 1947. Supplements to 1955

Title 66-507 (3144). Definition of chiropractic. Chiropractic is the science that teaches that disease results from anatomic disrelation, and teaches the art of restoring anatomic relation by a process of adjusting by the use of the hand. No other means of securing health shall be construed to be chiropractic except the application of the inherent qualities at the time in the patient or appertaining to the chiropractor.

Title 66-509 (3146). Rights and limitations governing practice. Chiropractors licensed under this act shall have the right to practice that science defined as chiropractic under section 66-507 in accordance with the method, thought and practice of chiropractors, and they shall be permitted to use the prefix "Dr." or "Doctor" as a title, but shall not use it in any way to show that they are regular

physicians or surgeons. They shall not prescribe for or administer to any person any medicine or drugs, nor practice medicine or surgery, or osteopathy: except that the use of antiseptics for purposes of sanitation and hygiene, and to prevent infection and contagion shall be permitted.

Title 66-508 (3145). Duties of chiropractic practitioners. Chiropractie practitioners shall observe and be subject to all State and municipal regulations relating to the control of contagious and infectious diseases, sign death and birth certificates and as to any and all matters pertaining to public health, shall report to the proper health officers the same as other practitioners.

Revised statutes of Nebraska.

NEBRASKA

Reissue of volume IV, 1950. Published by the Revisor of Statutes pursuant to Chapter 164, Session Laws of Nebraska, 1949. Supplements to 1956

Paragraph 71-177. “Chiropractic practice defined." For the purposes of this act following classes of persons shall be deemed to be engaged in the practice of chiropractic:

(1) Persons publicly professing to be chiropractors, or publicly professing to assume the duties incident to the practice of chiropractic; and

(2) Persons who treat human ailments by the adjustment by hand of any articulation of the spine.

Paragraph 71-182. Chiropractors; laws governing; death certificates may sign. Chiropractic practitioners shall observe and be subject to all State and municipal laws and regulations relating to the control of contagious and infectious diseases, and all matters pertaining to public health. They shall report to the proper health officers the same as other practitioners. Chiropractic practitioners may sign death certificates.

NEVADA

Statutes of the State of Nevada, passed at the special session of the legislature 1954. State Printing Office, 1954 (pp. 506 ff)

Assembly bill No. 110, Mr. Embry Chapter 311

An act to amend an act entitled "An act to create a board of chiropractic examiners and to regulate the practice of chiropractic and chiropractic-physiotherapy and to provide penalties for the violation of this act and to prohibit the practice of any other mode or system under the name of chiropractic," approved February 19, 1923.

(Approved March 28, 1955)

Section 5 of the above-entitled act *** is hereby amended to read as follows: "Sec. 5. Chiropractic is defined to be the science, art and practice of palpating and adjusting the articulations of the human body by hand, the use of physiotherapy, hygienic, nutritive and sanitary measures and all methods of diagnosis; provided, however, that in such diagnosis no piercing or severing of body tissues shall be permitted and except for the drawing of blood for diagnostic purposes only.

"Nothing in this act shall be construed to permit a chiropractor to practice medicine, surgery, obstetrics, osteopathy, dentistry, optometry or chiropody. "Sec. 8.5. A license to practice chiropractic shall authorize the holder thereof to use the term "chiropractic physician'."

NEW HAMPSHIRE

New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated, 1955.

Prepared under the supervision

of the Revision Commission (1955)

Chapter 316:1. Definition. Chiropractic, as used herein, is the science of adjusting the cause of diseases by realigning by hand the twenty-four movable vertebrae of the spinal column or misalignments of the sacroiliac articulation, releasing pressure on nerves radiating from the spine to all parts of the body, and allowing the nerves to carry their full quota of health current (nerve energy) from the brain to all parts of the body.

Chapter 316:13. Effect. Any chiropractor who has received and holds a certificate of registration and license issued by said board may adjust by hand any articulations of the spinal column, but shall not prescribe for, or administer to

any person any medicine or drugs now or hereafter included in materia medica, practice major or minor surgery, obstetrics, nor any branch of medicine or osteopathy.

Chapter 316:19. Duties. Practitioners of chiropractic shall be subject to the provisions of the law relating to contagious and infectious diseases, and to the granting of certificates of deaths, the same as physicians are.

NEW JERSEY

New Jersey Statutes annotated, permanent edition (1940). Cumulative supplements to 1956

Title 45: 9–14.5. "Practice of chiropractic" defined; instruments which may be used; not to sign certificates; use of title “doctor"; unlicensed persons. Within the meaning of the provisions of section *** and of this act *** the practice of chiropractic is defined as follows: "A system of adjusting the articulations of the spinal column by manipulation thereof."

A licensed chiropractor shall have the right in the examination of patients to use the neurocalometer, X-ray, and other necessary instruments solely for the purpose of diagnosis or analysis. No licensed chiropractor shall use endoscopic or cutting instruments, or prescribe, administer, or dispense drugs or medicines for any purpose whatsoever, or perform surgical operations excepting adjustment of the articulations of the spinal column.

No person licensed to practice chiropractic shall sign any certificate required by law or the State Sanitary Code concerning reportable diseases, or birth, marriage, or death certificates.

No person shall use the title "Doctor" or its abbreviation in the practice of chiropractic unless it be qualified by the word "chiropractor."

NEW MEXICO

New Mexico Statutes 1953, annotated. Compiled *** under authority of Chapter 39, Laws of 1953 and under the supervision of New Mexico Compilation Commission (1954)

Chapter 67-3-4. * * *

Said license*** shall entitle the holder thereof to diagnose and treat discases, injuries, deformities or other physical or mental conditions, by the use of any or all methods as herein provided, such as palpating, diagnosing, adjusting and treating diseases, injuries and defects of human beings by the application of manipulative manual and mechanical means, including all natural agencies imbued with the healing act, such as food, water, heat, cold, electricity, vacuum cupping and drugless appliances, without the use of drugs, or what are commonly inown as medicinal preparations, or in any manner severing or penetrating any of the tissues of the human body, known as surgery.

Chapter 67-3-5. Observance of health regulations-Practicing without licensePenalty. Chiropractic practitioners shall be required to observe all health and hygiene regulations of the State and to report all infections and contagious diseases to the proper health officers.

Chapter 67-1-22. * * * Any person or persons engaged in the practice of the healing arts*** shall be required to clearly designate the school of medicine or practice which such person or persons are licensed to practice on all professional stationery, signs, advertising, certificates and papers pertaining to their practice so that the public will be advised whether such person or persons are licensed to practice as doctors of medicine, osteopathy, chiropractic ***

NEW YORK

The Consolidated Laws of New York, annotated (1955)

No reference to chiropractic.

A letter from the New York State Board of Medical Examiners, dated March 4, 1935, states: "The practice of chiropractic has no legal status whatsoever in New York State." (Scope of chiropractic practice in the U.S. Chicago, AMA-Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation, 1947, supplements to 1950.)

NORTH CAROLINA

The General Statutes of North Carolina, containing general laws of North Carolina through the legislative session 1949 (1950)

Paragraph 90-143. Definition of chiropractic; examinations; educational requirements. Chiropractic is herein defined to be the science of adjusting the cause of disease by realigning the twenty-four movable vertebrae of the spine, releasing pressure on nerves radiating from the spine to all parts of the body and allowing the nerves to carry their full quota of health current (nerve energy) from the brain to all parts of the body.

Paragraph 90-151. Extent and limitation of license. Any person obtaining the license *** shall have the right to practice the science known as chiropractic, in accordance with the method, thought, and practice of chiropractors, as taught in recognized chiropractic schools and colleges but shall not prescribe for or administer to any person any medicine or drugs, or practice osteopathy or surgery.

Paragraph 90-153. Licensed chiropractors may practice in public hospitals. A licensed chiropractor in this State may have access to and practice chiropractic in any hospital or sanatorium in this State that receives aid or support from the public.

Paragraph 90-157. Chiropractors subject to State and municipal regulations. Chiropractors shall observe and are subject to all State and municipal regulations relating to the control of contagious or infectious diseases.

NORTH DAKOTA

North Dakota Revised Code of 1943. Revised by the Code Revision Commission under the direction of the Supreme Court (1943) 1949 supplement

Chapter 43-0601. Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires:

1. "The practice of chiropractic" shall mean the practice of physiotherapy, electrotherapy, and hydrotherapy as taught by chiropractic schools and colleges, and the adjustment of any displaced tissue of any kind or nature, but shall not include prescribing for or administering to any person any medicine or drug to be taken internally which is now or hereafter included in materia medica, nor performing any surgery, except as is provided in this section, nor practicing obstetrics.

Chapter 43-0611. *** A licensed chiropractor may not use the title of "doctor," "physician," or "surgeon," but may use the title "doctor of chiropractic," or "D.C."

Chapter 48-0616. Duties of chiropractor. Every licensed chiropractor practicing in this State shall:

(1) Observe all State and municipal regulations relating to the control of contagious and infectious diseases;

(2) Sign death and birth certificates;

(3) Sign certificates pertaining to public health;

(4) Report to the proper health officer in the manner required of licensed physicians.

Chapter 43-0617. Right of chiropractor to practice in public and private hospitals and institutions. A licensed chiropractor *** when requested so to do by any patient or the guardian of any patient.

OHIO

Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated. Certified text of laws as officially adopted

1953

Article 4731.15 (1274-1). Examination_and_registration of practitioners of limited branches of medicine or surgery. The State medical board shall also examine and register person desiring to practice any limited branch of medicine or surgery Such limited branches of medicine or surgery shall include chiropractic, **

**

Article 4731.17 (1274-3). Aid authorized in conducting examinations. Such certificate shall authorize the holder thereof to practice such limited branch of medicine or surgery as may be specified therein, but shall not permit him to practice any other branch of medicine or surgery nor shall it permit him to treat

infectious, contagious, or veneral diseases, or to prescribe or administer drugs, or to perform major surgery.

State

(A holder of a certificate to practice a limited branch of medicine who engages in the practice beyond the scope of such certificate is subject to prosecution. v. Winterich, 157 OS 414,105 NE (2d) 857.)

OKLAHOMA

Oklahoma Statutes 1951. Edited and published under the direction of the Justices of the Supreme Court (1951). 1955 supplement. Oklahoma Statutes Annotated. Permanent edition (1949). Supplements to 1956

Title 164, paragraph 164. *** Chiropractic is hereby defined to be the science that teaches health in anatomic relation and disease or abnormality in anatomic disrelation and includes hygienic and sanitary measures incident thereto.

Paragraph 165. Chiropractic practitioners governed by public health laws-Practicing without license. Chiropractic practitioners hereunder shall be bound by all health police regulations of this State that shall apply to them, and shall be qualified to sign death certificates, and all other certificates, including those relating to public health, the same as medical practitioners and with like effect. OREGON

Oregon Revised Statutes, including 1955 replacement parts. Volume V (1955) Title 684.010. Definitions. ***

*

*

*

(2) Chiropractic is defined as that system of adjusting with the hands the articulations of the bony framework of the human body, and the employment and practice of physiotherapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy. *** and minor

(4) "Minor surgery" means the use of electrical or other methods for the surgical repair and care incident thereto of superficial laceration and abrasions, benign superficial lesions, and the removal of foreign bodies located in the superficial structures; and the use of antiseptics and local anesthetics in connection therewith. (Amended by 1953 c. 541, par. 2.)

Title 684.030. Application of public health laws. Chiropractic physician shall observe and be subject to all State and municipal regulations relating to the control of contagious and infectious diseases, sign birth and death certificates, and report all matters pertaining to public health to proper health officers the same as other practitioners.

Title 684.110. Prohibited practices. * * *

(3) No person practicing under this Act shall write prescriptions for, or dispense drugs, practice optometry, or naturopathy, or do major surgery.

PENNSYLVANIA

Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated (1940). Supplements to 1956

Chiropractic Registration Act of 1951.

Title 63, paragraph 602. Definitions. The following words or phrases unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section:

(a) "Chiropractor" shall mean a practitioner of chiropractic.

(b) "Chiropractic" shall mean a system of locating misaligned or displaced vertebrae of human spine, the examination preparatory to and the adjustment by hand of such misaligned or displaced vertebrae, and other articulations, together with the use of scientific instruments of analysis, as taught in the approved schools and colleges of chiropractic, without the use of either drugs or surgery. The term "chiropractic" shall not include the practice of obstetrics or reduction of fractures or major dislocations.

*

Title 63, paragragh 621. Doctor of chiropractic and abbreviation. Any person who has a valid certificate of registration as chiropractor * * * may practice