Now all but five jurisdictions-and I am corrected by Mr. Bunker's later statement; my published information is some years old-permit the doctor of chiropractic to practice under workmen's compensation laws. Some 600 life and accident insurance companies accept chiropractors' certification of claims. Professional atheletic organizations and many industrial concerns have chiropractors on their staffs, or make their services available to their people. Labor unions particularly favor this form of care. The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, whom I know at firsthand, is a conspicuous example, for its members are subject to many back or other injuries and strains for which chiropractic treatment has been found beneficial.

A strong evidence of the seriousness of purpose of this profession is the continuing professional program of its own National Chiropractic Association. This organization has its house of delegates, its accrediting body and educational council governing the policies and inspections of the programs of the colleges. It holds regional professional seminars, State and National Conventions. It issues a monthly journal, the contents and tone of which are soundly ethical and scientific. It has a national research committee engaged in controlled research work, and by all the attributes and in all the ways we have of testing the worth of a profession, today's chiropractor is seeking to meet the public standard. Now what is the public interest?

Well, I am here testifying on these bills as a citizen concerned about the public welfare, and solely in that capacity. I am not an advocate of any particular form of healing. I am convinced from experience that today's chiropractor is equipped by training in the sciences underlying health and in the forms of therapeutics which have beneficial results, so that he is able to meet people's needs. It is my belief that the responsibility rests with the several States to require strict compliance with basic science and professional licensure laws, operating under professionally competent and impartial boards, and to insist on conduct of a high ethical character of all who practice any form of healing. That it is not the Federal Government's responsibility to attempt to lay down such structures, nor to exclude any profession which is so treated by any sovereign State in the enactment of laws providing for compensation for attending any Federal employee.

Therefore, in the public interest, and in keeping with a just division of powers and responsibilities between the States and the Federal Government, I urge a favorable report on the two bills under consideration.

Senator BURDICK. Thank you, Mr. Anderson. That is a very comprehensive statement.

Senator Javits, do you have any questions?

Senator JAVITS. No. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

Senator BURDICK. I guess there are no questions.

Mr. ANDERSON. Thank you.

Mr. ANDERSON. In addition to this statement, and in order to add some illumination to the questions that have been raised earlier, I want to add this.

It has been my responsibility during this past year to inspect all accredited colleges, sponsored and operating under the auspices of the American Chiropractic Association. There are 10 such schools.

All are nonprofit, tax-exempt, 4-year professional institutions, training in the broad fields of the basic sciences, and the special texts and procedures of manipulating therapy.

The upgrading process has been underway for a long time now so that their course offering is something over 4,000 hours, lectures and laboratory work, and it is fast becoming comparable to other professions in the major fields of healing.

Their proficiency in the special field of manipulative therapy is well established. Today's graduates are equipped to meet the needs for care which will be provided Federal employees under the proposed act. As I listened to the questions, Mr. Chairman, one occurred to me. Actually, this is a pay bill rather than a recognition of chiropractic. Let me point out to you that there are men dealing daily with strains and sprains competently, in your own States, and they are being paid

privately for their service, and I do not know whether you go to them, but I know what I do when my back hurts.

As you know, up in Montana, a man by the name of Henry Anderson, and you know how competent he is, and how well respected, both in his own community and over the State, and you know C. O. Watkins, and you know Dr. Rasmusson, the mayor of Glasgow. These are the men we are talking about. This is the service they render day by day in their offices and clinics.

Over in North Dakota, Mr. Burdick knows the doctors-Hariman in Grand Forks, my native town. These men are respected men in their communities. You know Dr. Enge, and if I took you into South Dakota I could show you a man over there, Dr. Walter Wolf, who practices a wide range of practice, because the State allows him to do so.

The range and scope of practice is determined by the nature of the State law, and whatever HEW might have told you about the adequacy of the codes respecting chiropractic, the same could be said at any point in history of the developments of the medical codes, and still could be said of the osteopathic codes in 13 States where the osteopaths are as limited in their codes of practice as are the chiropractors, but in these 13 States the osteopaths can treat a sprain or a strain under the law and get paid for it if the employee is an employee of the Federal Government. No distinction is made, despite the fact the scope of practice is very limited.

This illustrates my point that this is in essence a recognition bill and a pay bill. The point was made earlier about what the AMA chooses to call a pseudoscience. On the books of the AMA at the present time in the minutes of the AMA annual gatherings, a repeated statement to the effect that osteopathy is also a pseudoscience. They castigated the osteopaths in the last 10 years just as severely as they did the chiropractors.

But then the political arm of the American Medical Association got wise and decided we can absorb these people, and they have been in the process of absorption for quite some time now, and they did so in California by changing the law, and the osteopathic college in Los Angeles which had shown them up in this field of strains and sprains was made over into the California Medical College.

It is just now coming under grants and the beneficences of the Federal Government in the recent acts to the tune of something over $4 million with the approval and the endorsement and support of the California Medical Association and the American Medical Association. Up in the State of Washington they have been trying to absorb them in a different way by trying to create a paper organization which will absorb the osteopaths. Down in the State of Oregon, which has a very wide scope of practice in the State of Oregon the scope of practice is so wide for the chiropractors that they can practice obstetrics, minor surgery, a full measure of diagnosis, and a very substantial measure of treatment.

This matter of scope of practice depends on the code and the acceptance of the community, and this is a historical process. It has been going on all the time. They do not change basic medical laws in States anymore, they overlay them with police power laws and other public welfare laws rather than disturb the original basic laws, and the basic laws differ very widely from State to State.

This is a historical practice that is going on right now among the chiropractors, and will continue to go on as the improvement of the raising of standards of training and widening of the scope of accepted practice takes place.

So much for some of the comments, at least.

Senator METCALF. In other words, we could take the word chiropractic out of this bill and write osteopaths, who are permitted to practice, and probably the reports would have the sanie objections raised?

Mr. ANDERSON. In many quarters too. Get it back into California and they begin calling that same osteopath a medical man. My brother is a fully licensed, nonrestricted osteopathic physician and surgeon. He bought for $64 a degree from the California Medical College that he had graduated from 6 years of training earlier$64 and he now has a shingle called doctor of medicine.

This is the realm we are talking about. Frankly, gentlemen, it is politics. It is organizational politics that we are concerned about in this act, and not the substance of the profession and what it does.

If you ask anybody who knows athletic injuries where he would go first if he had somebody he had to get back on the playing field, he would not go to an orthopedist. He would not go through 6, 8, 10 weeks of costly hospitalization. He would go down the street to the osteopath or chiropractor and get the man back on the playing field. This is what we are talking about.

You made a point earlier about the charge that this is a pseudoscience, the AMA charge. There was a symposium conducted by McGill University Medical School this last December on chiropractic, and the lead article is by the dean of the medical school, and repeated all of that that you read.

Then he said, "You know, when I break an egg, all I have to do is smell it to know that it is bad. I do not have to examine it further." The last article in the symposium is by four medical graduate students of the college who took him to task.

They said, "You are not dealing with a bad egg. This thing works. We had better investigate how it works."

Now, I am not here to tell you how it works. I have been trying my best to find out how manipulative thereapy works, and the validation of it through experimentations still is something to be found. There is a beginning, however, that is going to yield some startling results. Just as nine osteopaths, when they took over a wing of the county hospital in Los Angeles, in actual treatment and care, showed up the medical wing of that same hospital, so they had to join forces in order to eliminate the osteopathic competition.

So, if the case is proved, as I think it will be proved, you will be licensing to a new tune from the medical association in the next 5 years. Out in a brandnew school an excellent plant, a couple of million dollar plant, in Chicago, they have run through as modern a diagnostic center as you will find in any medical institution in the country.

They have run through that chiropractic school their first 500 cases. They had no difficulty in making referrals. The diagnoses were complete with all of the paraphernalia that is used in proper diagnosis. They have moved those cases on into practice and the followup is underway.

It will take a year or two to prove the story, but this is an evidence of the approach, the scientific approach that is now being used by the

modern doctor of chiropractic in his training institutions. Old theories are being discarded as new proof is brought into play.

Old tests are being changed, so much so, if you looked at the doctor of chiropractic today, or the doctor of medicine today, and look at them 30 years ago, they are two different animals. We are dealing in the modern day with a man who is scientifically trained, poised in the direction of determining causes and trying to effect the most useful way of handling diseases.

And there is no single cause for diseases, and no modern chiropractor ever talks in terms of finding it located in the back. There is no more a single cause of disease as far as he is concerned than any other practitioner of the healing art.

I say again in conclusion, we are dealing here with a matter of prestige, something that the American Medical Association does not want to give up, a practice of discrimination they have practiced for years then the osteopaths, and now left alone the chiropractors.

That is the prestige side. The other side is it is a pay bill-homeopathic. It will put patients in the chiropractors offices. It will save the Government and the employers money. It will please both the patient, the public, and the doctor. It should be a popular bill and there is no reason on earth why it should not be passed.

Senator METCALF. Thank you, Dr. Anderson. You are always a refreshing and rewarding witness.

Senator Burdick?

Senator BURDICK. I notice that the witness described aptly the bill as a pay bill. Chiropractic is a perfectly legal occupation in almost all of the States, and this legislation has nothing to do whether chiropractic is legal or illegal. It is just a question of whether the Federal worker can have a choice of treatment.

Mr. ANDERSON. That is right.

Senator BURDICK. In treating their strains and sprains, that is all there is to it, is that right?

Mr. ANDERSON. And, Senator, that same patient will go around time and again to one of the men I mentioned in your State, and will pay to get well faster, He will pay his bill rather than to fight this thing, and this is going on all the time.

Senator METCALF. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Mr. ANDERSON. Thank you.

Senator METCALF. The next witness is Mr. Jerome J. Keating, president of the National Association of Letter Carriers.

STATEMENT OF JEROME J. KEATING, PRESIDENT, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS

Mr. KEATING. Thank you, Senator. I would like to file the formal statement and make two short observations.

Senator METCALF. Without obiection, it will be filed.
(The prepared statement of Mr. Keating follows:)

PREPARED STATEMENT OF JEROME J. KEATING, PRESIDENT,
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS

Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, my name is Jerome J. Keating. I am president of the National Association of Letter Carriers, an organization composed of 170,000 letter carriers located in every State and possession of the United States of America. We represent the men who carry

the mail on foot, and drive parcel post and collection trucks. In performing their duties letter carriers frequently suffer injuries to their legs, arms, and backs, and many of them secure treatment for such injuries from chiropractic physicians. Our association has gone on record on numerous occasions requesting that the Federal Employees Compensation Act be amended so as to provide for the services of chriopractors.

I want to place our association on record in favor of S. 1710, a bill introduced by Senator Quentin N. Burdick, of North Dakota. I want to also commend Senator Warren G. Magnuson, of Washington, for his deep interest in this subject.

Forty-eight States in the Union recognize chiropractors for certain specified services. We believe that they should have the same recognition from the Federal Government. These States set up specific qualifications for chiropractie practitioners. The basic principle of chiropractic therapy is to alleviate bodily disorders or disease processes through manipulation of the vertebra directed at correction of the diagnosed subluxation and the symptoms manifested by the patient. This relaxation must be in accord with accepted knowledge of anatomy and nerve distribution.

The National Association of Letter Carriers operates a health benefit program. Like many other health benefit programs, we recognize chiropractors and pay claims for services of the chiropractors limited practically to the same extent as the provisions carried in the bill before you. S. 1710 restricts chiropractic treatments to strains or sprains which are prescribed or recommended by duly authorized chiropractic practitioners.

We believe that the present bill should meet the objections that have been made previously to somewhat similar legislation and we hope that the committee will give a favorable report to S. 1710.

Mr. KEATING. No. 1, we operate a health benefit program in connection with our association. Ours is the largest employee sponsored health benefit program. We have 130,000 members, letter carriers enrolled under the program.

Under our program we pay chiropractors, but we do not pay in the case of individuals if their injury is due to performance of their duty as a Government employee. So, when an employee who has a compensable case and is injured, goes to a chiropractor, he cannot be paid by the Government, and under the terms of our policy and all other health benefit programs, he is denied payment from such programs because his injury is the responsibility of the Government.

So, that individual is left without any place to turn. If he gets sick, of course, we pay chiropractors in our plan. We have gone on record at convention after convention in favor of the BEC paying the chiropractors. I think all of the Government employees organizations take the same position.

We are the largest employee organization-we have 170.00 members the second next largest of the United Federation of Postal Clerks and the American Federation of Government Employees, and they both are listed in favor of this legislation.

I am chairman of the Legislative Committee of the Governme Employees' Council of the AFL-CIO composed of all the AFL-CIO unions in the Federal Government, and all of our organizations are it favor of this legislation.

I note that the Rural Carriers Organization, which is a very active fine organization, not affiliated with the AFL-CIO, also supports this legislation, and we hope that the committee will favorab report out S. 1710. I think it will meet all of the objections that hav? heretofore been offered to such legislation, and I think that Senate Burdick has come up with an excellent bill and I hope that it will be reported out favorably by this committee and passed by the Senate Senator METCALF. Senator Burdick?