Sec. 495K.447 African Famine Assistance. (a) AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.-The President is authorized to provide assistance for famine relief, rehabilitation, and recovery in Africa. Assistance under this section shall be provided for humanitarian purposes and shall be provided on a grant basis. Such assistance shall include— (1) relief, rehabilitation, and recovery projects to benefit the poorest people, including the furnishing of seeds for planting, fertilizer, pesticides, farm implements, farm animals and vaccine and veterinary services to protect livestock upon which people depend, blankets, clothing, and shelter, disease prevention and health care projects, water projects (including water purification and well-drilling), small-scale agricultural projects, and food protection and preservation projects; and (2) projects to meet emergency health needs, including vaccinations. (b) USES OF FUNDS. (1) PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.-Funds authorized to be appropriated by this section shall be used primarily for grants to private and voluntary organizations and international organizations. (2) EMERGENCY HEALTH PROJECTS.-A significant portion of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this section shall be used for emergency health projects pursuant to subsection (a)(2). (3) MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ACTIVITIES.-Of the amount authorized to be appropriated by this section, $2,500,000 shall be transferred to the "Operating Expenses of the Agency for International Development" account. These funds shall be used for management support activities associated with the planning, monitoring, and supervision of emergency food and disaster assistance provided in those countries in Africa described in section 5(a) of the African Famine Relief and Recovery Act of 1985. (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.-In addition to the amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there are authorized to be appropriated $137,500,000 for the fiscal year 1985 for use in providing assistance under this section. (d) POLICIES AND AUTHORITIES TO BE APPLIED.-Assistance under this section shall be furnished in accordance with the policies and general authorities contained in section 491. 447 22 U.S.C. 2292q. Sec. 495K was added by sec. 2 of the African Relief and Recovery Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-8; 99 Stat. 21). The Urgent Supplemental Appropriations, 1985-African Famine Relief (Public Law 99-10; 99 Stat. 27), provided the following: "For an additional amount for international disaster assistance, $137,500,000 for emergency relief and recovery assistance for Africa, to be available only for such purpose and to remain available until March 31, 1986 Provided, That the Committee on Appropriations of each House of Congress is notified five days in advance of the obligation of any funds made available under this paragraph, unless the emergency is life threatening and immediate action is necessary. "OPERATING EXPENSES "Of the amount appropriated in this Act for 'International disaster' assistance, $2,500,000 shall be transferred to 'Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development' to be used for monitoring food and disaster assistance in Africa.". Chapter 10-Development Fund for Africa +48 Sec. 496.449 Long-Term Development Assistance for Sub-Saharan Africa-a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that (1) drought and famine have caused countless deaths and untold suffering among the people of sub-Saharan Africa; (2) drought and famine in combination with other factors such as desertification, government neglect of the agricultural sector, and inappropriate economic policies have severely affected long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa; and (3) the most cost-effective and efficient way of overcoming Africa's vulnerability to drought and famine is to address Africa's long-term development needs through a process that builds upon the needs and capabilities of the African people, promotes sustained and equitable economic growth, preserves the environment, and protects the rights of the individual. (b) AUTHORITY TO FURNISH ASSISTANCE-The President is authorired to furnish project and program assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine in accordance with the policies contained in this section, for long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa. (C) PURPOSE OF ASSISTANCE.— (1) PURPOSE-The purpose of assistance under this section shall be to help the poor majority of men and women in subSaharan Africa to participate in a process of long-term development through economic growth that is equitable, participatory, environmentally sustainable, and self-reliant. USE OF ASSISTANCE TO ENCOURAGE PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT—Assistance under this section should, in a manner consistent with paragraph (1), be used to promote sustained economic growth, encourage private sector development, promote individual initiatives, and help to reduce the role of cen ***No Star of the Foreign Operations. Export Financing and Related Programs AppropriaBow At IT PUubie Law 101-518 14 Stat. 2 added chapter 10 secs 496-497. Previously, how it see on relating to assistance to Portural and Portuguese colonies in Africa gaining * Aded by sec. 33 of the Forearm Assistance Act of 1974, was repealed by sec. 114) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law Nes of the Foregen Operations Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations AVA Law 101-318 104 Stat. 28) further stated TA AVALON It is the sense of the Congress that there should be periodic evaluations of of the Aency for International Development in achieving the purpose specified in www.ele of the Forgen Assustance Act of 19 TO APART TO CONew-As part of the annual Congressional Presentation materials for AWAN ARREN the Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall inTunaan of the progress made during the previous fiscal year in carrying out chapter we of the Porn Assistance Act of 1961 in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa waad my differing economic situations and levels of progress. The description shall in12) the nature and extent of consultation to ensure local perspectives, as described in and it of section 496 (2) the degree of involvement of local people in the implementation of projects having a to the extent to which there has been expansion of the participation and integration of www in each of the critical sectors specified in section 49615 assistance provided, including the amounts obligated the criteria used for and the provisions made pursuant to section 496 2 B to protect vulner hompsble negative consequences of the reforms, and a description of the asustance for the critical sector priorities specified in section ¿Y dy wir, including the amounts obligated.", tral governments in areas more appropriate for the private sector. (d) APPLICATION OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND POLICIES.-Except to the extent inconsistent with this section (1) any reference in any law to chapter 1 of this part (including references to sections 103 through 106) shall be deemed to include a reference to this section; and (2) assistance under this section shall be provided consistent with the policies contained in section 102. (e) PRIVATE And Voluntary OrganiZATIONS.— (1) CONSULTATION ΤΟ ENSURE LOCAL PERSPECTIVES.-The Agency for International Development shall take into account the local-level perspectives of the rural and urban poor in subSaharan Africa, including women, during the planning process for project and program assistance under this section. In order to gain that perspective the Agency for International Development should consult closely with African, United States, and other private and voluntary organizations that have demonstrated effectiveness in or commitment to the promotion of local, grassroots activities on behalf of long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa as described in subsection (c). (2) DEFINITION OF PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS.— For purposes of this section, the term "private and voluntary organization" includes (in addition to entities traditionally considered to be private and voluntary organizations) cooperatives, credit unions, trade unions, women's groups, nonprofit development research institutions, and indigenous local organizations, which are private and nonprofit. (f) LOCAL INVOLVEMENT IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.-Local people, including women, shall be closely consulted and involved in the implementation of every project under this section which as a local focus. (g) PARTICIPATION OF AFRICAN WOMEN.-The Agency for International Development shall ensure that development activities assisted under this section incorporate a significant expansion of the participation (including decisionmaking) and integration of African women in each of the critical sectors described in subsection (i). (h) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.— (1) PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS TO ADDRESS CRITICAL SECTORAL PRIORITIES.—Assistance under this section shall emphasize primarily projects and programs to address critical sectoral priorities for long-term development described in subsection (i). (2) REFORM OF ECONOMIC POLICIES.— (A) USE OF PROGRAM ASSISTANCE.-Assistance under this section may also include program assistance to promote reform of sectoral economic policies affecting long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa as described in subsection (c), with primary emphasis on reform of economic policies to support the critical sectoral priorities described in subsection (i). (B) PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS.-Assisted policy reforms shall also include provisions to protect vulnerable groups (especially poor, isolated, and female farmers, the urban poor, and children including displaced children) and long-term environmental interests from possible negative consequences of the reforms. (3) OTHER ASSISTANCE-Funds made available to carry out this section shall be used almost exclusively for assistance in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2). Assistance consistent with the purpose of subsection (c) may also be furnished under this section to carry out the provisions of sections 103 through 106 of this Act. (@) CRITICAL SBCTORAL PRIORITIES-The critical sectoral priorities for long-term development, as described in subsection (c), are the following" AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES.— SNAP RAL RESOURCT BASE —Maintaining and restoring the renewable natural resource base primarily in ways what intras agricultural production through the fol 2 Smallssle, affordable, resource-conserving, lowrai jo pree's wing appropriate technologies (inwy traditional acriter methods suited to lva'environzea Wee, and dimatic conditions, and Naturing dose ESLATOn with and involvement of local peonie st 2 stages of project design and impentation Engrass sa pren to grants for tear axl government syszes ternational songoverzzeck rators and d das provaze and wolunay gnations. Spvert år eftes & acunal and regional levels a zene Anza and other support for POND À De his described case and to NETRATION The spartes d can ountries to prohve eatie extension and her services support WANDANNES y sustaltatie increases in food pro (iv) Support for low-cost desalination activities in order to increase the availability of fresh water sources in sub-Saharan Africa. (2) HEALTH.-Improving health conditions, with special emphasis on meeting the health needs of mothers and children (including displaced children) through the establishment of primary health care systems that give priority to preventive health and that will be ultimately self-sustaining. (3) VOLUNTARY FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES.-Providing increased access to voluntary family planning services, including encouragement of private, community, and local government initiatives. (4) EDUCATION.-Improving the relevance, equity, and efficiency of education, with special emphasis on improving primary education. (5) INCOME-GENERATING OPPORTUNITIES.-Developing incomegenerating opportunities for the unemployed and underemployed in urban and rural areas through, among other things, support for off-farm employment opportunities in micro- and small-scale labor-intensive enterprises. (j) MINIMUM LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE FOR CERTAIN CRITICAL SECTORS.-The Agency for International Development should target the equivalent of 10 percent of the amount authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year to carry out this chapter for each of the following: (1) The activities described in subsection (i)(1)(B), including identifiable components of agricultural production projects. (2) The activities described in subsection (i)(2). (3) The activities described in subsection (i)(3). (k) EFFECTIVE USE OF ASSISTANCE.-Assistance provided under this section shall be concentrated in countries which will make the most effective use of such assistance in order to fulfill the purpose specified in subsection (c), especially those countries (including those of the Sahel region) having the greatest need for outside assistance. (1) PROMOTION OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION.-Assistance under this section shall, to the extent consistent with this section, include assistance to promote the regional and subregional integration of African production structures, markets, and infrastructure. (m) DONOR COORDINATION MECHANISM.-Funds made available to carry out this section may be used to assist the governments of countries in sub-Saharan Africa to increase their capacity to participate effectively in donor coordination mechanisms at the country, regional, and sector levels. (n) RELATION TO OTHER AUTHORITIES. (1) ASSISTANCE UNDER OTHER AUTHORITIES.-The authority granted by this section to provide assistance for long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa is not intended to preclude the use of other authorities for that purpose. Centrally funded programs which benefit sub-Saharan Africa shall continue to be funded under chapter 1 of part I of this Act. (2) TRANSFER AUTHORITIES.— |