"He was not regular in attendance at church, save possibly at home. While present at the First Provincial Congress in Philadelphia he went once to the Roman Catholic and once to the Episcopal church. He spent four months at the Constitutional convention, going six times to church, once each to the Romish high mass, to the Friends', to the Presbyterian, and thrice to the Episcopal service. He respected the devout religious attitude of the Romish Church by forbidding the celebration of Guy Fawkes' Day in the army, and again in repeatedly impressing upon his officers the necessity of respect and consideration for the religious faith of the French Canadians, whom he hoped to win to the American cause. Nor can it be believed that this was a question of policy, as the whole tenor of his life was in this direction. It is, however, somewhat striking that in several thousand letters the name of Jesus Christ never appears, and it is notably absent from his last will. . . "The dominating trait of Washington's life was a spirit of equity, which is the nearest approach to perfect justice. Nowhere, as far as I know, did Washington quote the golden rule. But if an attentive study of this man's correspondence reveals any single rule of conduct, as permeating his business and social affairs, it is represented by the Scriptural passage: 'As ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise.' "Once he says: 'Rather than do a possible injury you may pay his executors.' Again he pays a debt of fifty-one pounds where it was omitted from the bond. Time and again he instructs his agent that he wishes only the equitable thing, but with a touch of human nature often made it evident that this was a concession, as when he says: 'You were right in detaining a part of his [Butler's] wages for lost time: yet can I better afford to be without the money than he can. You may pay him for the full time.' What a record of Washington's fair dealing, that after forty years, full of business, he could write: 'I do not recollect that in the course of my life I ever forfeited my word, or broke a promise made to any one. We make one more extract, to show Washington's position as a slaveholder, to wit: "Few men of his day had as extended an experience with and knowledge of slaves as Washington, for at least five hundred passed through his hands. Inheriting at first some half dozen, he died possessed of three hundred and seventeen, of whom one hundred and twenty-four were his own, one hundred and fiftythree came by dower, and forty were leased with certain land. His dealings were not confined alone to negroes, for white convicts and indentured servants became subject to his will by purchase. Observation and reflection soon gave Washington ideas on slavery far beyond his century in sagacity and morality. One action only fails to find excuse, even under justification of a custom then general from Massachusetts to Georgia. I refer to the sale of a negro for exportation, as shown by the following letter: 'With this letter comes a negro, Tom, which I beg. you to sell in any of the [West Indies] islands, for whatever he will fetch, and bring me in return from him one hhd. of best molasses, one ditto of best rum. . . . lymes tamarinds., mixed sweatmeats, and the residue, much or little, in good old spirits. . . . This fellow is a rogue and runaway.' ... “Washington evidently never exported another negro, but held this up as a warning to his other slaves, who doubtless pushed to the extreme his consideration for them. That Washington was most humane, as judged by the standard of his time, must be evident 'to any one who reads his many letters to the superintendent of his estate during the years of his enforced absence. Food in plenty, good clothing, care in illness, harvest rum, seasonable gifts, with moderate tasks-yet negroes would run away, would plunder their master and resort to all manner of deceit. As the lash fell on the soldier in the ranks, and on unruly children, so it was relentless at Mount Vernon as on other slave estates. Washington urged admonition and strictly discouraged brutality. But he approved of the whip as the last resort. In the case of white servants authority was given the agent to sell them when obstinate. Whether these were whipped is doubtful, but some of them ran away. As to the negroes, this one and that were to be whipped, etc., and he writes: 'Let Abram get his deserts; don't let Crow give it, he being passionate.' He recognized differences between them and says: 'Harsh treatment will not do with him [French Will].' "The nobler elements of the man overcame his environment, and there gradually grew up in Washington's heart a strong aversion to the whole system. As a planter he found it essential to conform to existing conditions. As a master he ameliorated the wretched state of the slaves. As a politician he advocated gradual abolition. But as a man he deplored the disgraceful system as debasing to slave and to owner. "Applauding Lafayette's plan of emancipation he says: 'Would to God a like spirit ́would infuse itself generally into the minds of people of this country.' Later he writes: 'I never meant to possess another slave by purchase.' And again: 'Were it not, then, that I am principled against selling negroes, as you would do cattle at the market, I would not in twelve months from this date be possessed of one, as a slave.' "This spirit bore fruit in his will, whereby all his own slaves were freed, the helpless provided for, and such reparation made as was possible. It may be added that his freedom from race prejudice was most strikingly exemplified by his enlistment, after Congress had discouraged such action, of free men of color, and by his letter of courteous acknowledgment to the African poetess who had dedicated an ode to him." ROUGH LIFE OF CATTLE-HERDING. THE 'HE boy who has become infatuated with the romantic appearance of the cattle-herder as sometimes pictured, and longs for the free-and-easy life which his imagination sketches on the plains of the West, may find something to set him thinking in the following account of "Rough California Cattle-Herding," by Alan Owen, in the March Overland': "It is not given to every one to become expert at handling wild cattle, and with the rope, even on the prairies, where the work is comparatively plain sailing. It certainly requires a temperament out of the common to be able to work stock in the San Rafaels. Driven cattle will take to scrub oak and chaparral, growing eight and ten feet high, to hide; and into the brush, however dense, horse and rider must be trained to plunge. Few horses overcome their fear of the prickly growth, fewer men, and both emerge from the encounter torn and bleeding. The use, therefore, of the rawhide apron (armos), worn by the vaqueros in the mountains, will be self-evident. They take the place of chaparejos, over which they possess several advantages, not the least being their greater coolness, and the facility with which they are donned and doffed. Tanned buck or sheepskin, capable of turning mesquite, grease-wood, or sage, would not prevent scrub oak from wrenching a rider's knee-cap well-nigh out of its socket, or the burned stubs penetrating the leather and the horseman's flesh. "The youthfulness of the Coast Range and its typically volcanic origin doubtless explain the occurrence of localities which are literally inextricable mazes of narrow cañons, leading into and out of each other; many beginning with a precipitous waterfall, and ending in much the same fashion. When it is borne in mind that in these recent formations every cañon opening upon the main valleys and potreros has a bewildering number of tributaries, and every tributary sub-cañons ramifying ad infinitum from both sides, each an exact counterpart of the other, the statement that there is a great deal of country among the San Rafael and Sierra Madre del Sur mountains untrodden by man or horse, will be given ready credence. "Thus it happens that there are wild cattle running among these labyrinths, which have never seen a human being, and probably never will. Scarcity of water and feed drives stock into unwonted places, and a percentage never finds its way back. The exploration of these cañons is therefore attended with constant surprises, mostly unpleasant, as a steer eight or nine years old, unaccustomed to the sight' of man, is as undesirable a companion in a narrow gulch as a grizzly. "Fleet as deer, and entirely without fear of horse or rider, their capture and subjugation involved a display of nerve and horsemanship surely without parallel. Tail in the air, the steer would race up the mountain the moment he caught sight of the vaqueros. Up the steeps, through the brush, over barrancas, the vaqueros, neither sparing horse nor heeding obstacles, would succeed in heading off the fugitive, who would immediately show fight. While making a rush at one rider, as quick as a flash the steer is lassoed by another round the horns, and checked with a jerk which flings its hind-quarters skyward. Before the astonished animal can gather its wits, the vaquero who has him by the horns turns his horse and begins to drag the steer toward the main band. Other vaqueros beat it on the flanks with their riatas, and seek to overcome the brute's reluctance by jostling and kicking it from behind with their heavy tapaderos—one of the multitudinous uses to which the ornamental leather covering of the stirrups on a Mexican saddle is put. In this manner, with many wild plunges from side to side, the open-mouthed bullock is snaked close to the rest of the cattle, lassoed by the hind feet, stretched out, thrown, and the rope slipped from off its horns. As he rises the steer's hind feet are allowed to free themselves. As a rule, a refractory beeve, after such a dressing, will at once join the main band. Our nine-year-old friend does nothing of the sort. With a bellow and a rush, seeing every other channel blocked, he cuts right through the herd, and is off across the potrero at a swinging gallop. Before many yards are covered, he is again lass'd,' dragged back to the herd, thrown, and released. Nothing daunted, with lowered horns he makes a vicious rush at one of the horses, which is either avoided, or, if unavoidable, received on the thick leather flap from which the stirrups and tapaderos are pendant. Recovering for another charge, the now thoroughly infuriated brute finds himself strung up by the head and heels, and thrown on his side. This time one horn is secured to a front foot, before the steer is allowed to rise. It was found necessary to handicap more than a dozen head of cattle in this manner; many being bronco cows, as wicked in every respect as the steers. Fifty miles and more they traveled on three legs and a hobble. "While the condition of the majority of the stock was indifferent, a proportion being rejected by the butchers with contumely, the wild cattle were sleek and fat, their flesh firm, sweet, and of splendid color." IF SHARK-HUNTING OFF CUBA. F there is any sportsman who is tired of the tameness of shooting deer, moose, panthers, wildcats, grizzly bears, and of catching trout, bass, and salmon, and has a longing for sport more exciting, Cuba, from reports, seems to be the place for him. Besides the chances of being captured or shot by Spaniards as a spy, he may find there a sport which, for real danger, is unequaled. According to a Cuban now in Brooklyn, as reported by the New York Sun, shark-fishing in Cuban waters is rare sport. We quote as follows: "The Cuban shark fishermen take chunks of beef and throw them overboard out beyond the reefs, where the dorsal fins of sharks are to be seen cutting the water with a vicious swish, like the plunge of a modern rifle-bullet into a stream. Instantly there is a rush, fit to make ordinarily brave men blanch, for the eagerness of the sharks to rend the bloody meat is something to think twice about. Now is the time for the sportsman to do as the Cuban fisherman does. Stripping off his light clothes, grasping a long keen knife, he leaps among the fish, and thrusts the knife to the nearest shark's heart. A quick wrench opens a wound that spurts blood, and then the sport fairly begins. It is death There is hope for the buckto a man who then loses his nerve. feverish man who is facing a wounded tiger, but none for the man among the sharks. "The Cuban expert watches his chances, and as the sharks, attracted by the blood, come to tear their mate to pieces, he strikes them one by one, and soon the water is filled with sharks flapping their last in the water red with blood. When a shark comes for him, he glides to one side, and as the shark rushes past on its side he strikes it dead. Bags of twenty-five or thirty maneating sharks may be captured thus in a few minutes. "The teeth are the trophies. To get them the head is boiled in A tooth of a healthy shark is ivory a big iron soap-caldron. white, with a hard, porcelain finish, and could be worn as a trophy. There are several rows of these teeth. One row of them 'cut out would look like a saw, the teeth being obtusely triangular, each exposed edge of a single tooth being cut into minute teeth. The sharks bite a man's leg off, and do not tear it off, as is generally supposed. Indians make long strings out of these teeth for beads, that the squaws may think much of the hunters, and one would suppose that a string of them would not be unacceptable to a paleface's sweetheart. The sharks may be taken in a variety of other ways. Rifles, spears, harpoons, lassoes (snares), or fishhooks a foot long. And they are taken often in nets, but not because the netter wants to take them, as they tear and tangle the nets for rods." A THE SOCIAL QUESTION IN RUSSIA. RECENT issue of the Berlin Tageblatt contains a corre spondence from St. Petersburg giving an interesting ac count of the social condition in Russia, especially the relation of employee to employer. The report may perhaps be somewhat rosily colored, but for all that it is good reading. The account is in substance the following: During the past season there have been labor troubles in some of the factories in various parts of Russia, some of which have been marked by violence. The careful examinations made by the government in all these cases have brought out the fact that there is in Russia no decided and pronounced class opposition between the workingman and the employer such as is found in Western Europe in consequence of theagitation of the socialist-democratic party. In Russia this party has practically no existence, and the labor troubles in question in these factories were in nearly all cases caused by differences of lesser importance, which could have been removed by a little attention on the part of the em ployers. To a small extent only the troubles were occasioned by the manufacturer having insufficiently paid the laborers and having permitted their subordinates to abuse their privileges over against the workingmen. In consequence of this it has been determined to direct all subordinate officials in these factories to cultivate "that good-natured and hearty relationship toward the workingmen which is characteristic of the Russian people," and the factory inspectors have been ordered to see that this mandate is carried out. They are to make it a chief concern that the employers use their employees in a just and fair manner and thereby secure their confidence, which will then do away with the danger of the repetition of these troubles. As the Finance Minister of the Empire has determined that the officials in charge of the factories shall carry out the spirit of these directions, the state officials express the hope that the industrial circles of Russia will be spared that class animosity between workingman and his employer which causes so much trouble elsewhere. The purpose is to establish the relationship between the two classes on moral and ethical bases and not merely upon that of supply and demand.Translated for THE LITERARY DIGEST. Thirteen Months in a Year.-"One of the most novel ideas that have been advanced in some time is the suggestion made by one John S. Brooks, that on January 1, 1900, a new division of the year, into thirteen months, be instituted. This is not so preposterous as most people would be likely to consider it at the first thought. In a letter which Mr. Brooks wrote to the New York Herald he says that if such a division were made, the first twelve months would have just twenty-eight days, or four weeks each, and the new month twenty-nine, to make 365, and thirty in leap years. After a few days there would be no need to refer to calendars, as the same day of the week would have the same date through the year. If in the four years to come this change could be adopted by all countries, and January I were, say, Monday, every Monday would be the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22d; every Tuesday the 2d, 9th, 16th, and 23d, and so on throughout The changes of the moon would be on about the same dates through the year, and many calculations, like interest, dates of maturing notes, Easter Sunday, and many other important dates would be simplified. Mr. Brooks says in conclusion: "The present generation would have to figure new dates for birthdays, and all legal holidays, except New Year, would be on different dates. Would not the gain be more than the loss, as that would be permanent, and the objections imaginary or trifling? I wonder that this has not been advocated before, and yet I have not heard of it. I am sixty-five years old, but I can never tell the days in each month without repeating the usual verse that we learn in childhood. What excitement we could have over naming the new month. I would call it Lunar.' Mr. Brooks certainly has no fear of the unlucky number. The advantages which he points out are worthy of consideration, but it is not likely that they will receive it."- The Albany Express. the year. Not a Patent Medicine. Nervous Headache few escape. It is one of the penalties of the age. Our grandparents never had it. They had nerve but not nerves. In their day more than half the physicians were not prescribing Freligh's Tonic A Phosphorized Cerebro-Spinant as a nerve sedative, as they are today. kind. lief. Contains no opiate of any Perfectly safe. Prompt reBuilds up and strengthens the whole system. Regular bottle, $1.00, 100 doses. All druggists. Concentrated, prompt, powerful. Sample by mail 25 cents. Descriptive pamphlet, formula, testimonials, etc., mailed to any address. I. O. Woodruff & Co., Manufacturing Chemists, 106-108 Fulton Street, New York CITY, Formula on Every Bottle. BUSINESS SITUATION. The General State of Trade. Trade, except at Baltimore, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Chicago, and to a moderate degree at other points, remains dull and unsatisfactory. The most encouraging feature is the advance in prices of wheat, Indian corn, and Bessemer pig iron, the latter being based on the higher value placed on lake ores. While there have been larger sales of dry-goods, shoes, hardware, iron and leather at Chicago, business in other lines continues slow. Crop prospects in Iowa are good, and Kansas and Oklahoma producers are holding Indian corn for higher prices. The check in demand for groceries and provisions at the South is due to Southern planters having raised larger food crops this year. Heavy receipts of vegetables at Southern markets are followed by reports of large crops thereof in sight. San Francisco's exports to Asia have fallen off, but those to Mexico and Central America are the heaviest on record. Portland, Ore., is sending large quantities of lumber to the west coast of South America, and Tacoma cotton cloth, flour, and lumber to trans-Pacific markets. One of the most unpleasant features is lack of improvement in mercantile collections. This, with the commercial calm at many of the more important trading-centers, points to some of the effects of the prolonged period of withdrawal of capital from enterprises in the United States, and to the unwillingness of accumulated domestic capital to seek new ventures at present. slack (following the Barings' crash in December, 1890), this week's clearings are 3 per cent. smaller. Wool in some instances has been shaded in price. Trade in wool is almost at a standstill, aside from a few sales made for export. Foreign dress woolens are higher, the only improvement in the outlook for American fabrics. Additional woolen mills have closed for lack of orders. Raw cotton is lower, presumably on reports of a prospective large crop. The heavy moyement of ginghams appears to be the outcome of drives and auction sales, the effect of which on other fabrics is depressing. Large accumulations of white cotton are reported, and Providence bankers state that cotton manufacturers have sought loans there to enable them to carry accumulated stocks. Exports of wheat (flour included as wheat) from both coasts of the United States this week are only slightly heavier than last week, and far below the usual weekly average-amounting to 1,744,000 bushels, compared with 1,592,000 bushels in the previous week. One year ago the corresponding weekly aggregate was 2,562,000 bushels, two years ago it was 2,966,oco bushels, three years ago 2,875,000 bushels, and in the corresponding week of 1892 it was 2,597,000 bushels. Exports of Indian corn amount to 1,727,000 bushels this week, a small decrease from the week before, three times the quantity sent abroad in the corresponding week a year ago, and about 6 per cent. more than sent abroad two years ago. Heavy mercantile failures have a temporary effect on trade, and in instances have caused a closer scrutiny of credits and a check on sales and distribution. Only 276 business failures are reported in the United States, compared with 309 last week, but an unusually large proportion of them are of comparatively heavily capitalized concerns. The total number of failures in the week a year ago was 232, showing an increase of 44 this week, while as compared with the week two years ago there have been 30 more failures during the last six business days, and as compared with the week three years ago there have been 106 more.-Bradstreet's, March 28. 31 B x B 32 R-K 3 7 Castles 8 P x P 9 Kt-B 3 Px P B-K 2 Castles Q-Kt 3 3 R-Q sq B-Q 2 B-K sq Q R--B sq Kt-Q Kt 5 33 R-Kt sq P 34 R-Q B3 Q-K 35 R-B 2 R-Q 3 B-B 4 10 R-B sq II Q-Q 2 12 K R-Qsq 13 Q-K 2 36 R (Kt sq)-P-B 5 Q B sq 14 B-Q 3(b) 37 P-B 5 15 P-K R 16 B-Kt sq Kt (Kt 5)-Q 438 R x P 17 B-K 5 B-B 3 39 R x R 18 Kt-K Kt 5 P-K R 3 40 Q-Q sq 19 Kt (Kts)-Kt x Kt (B 3) 41 P-Kt 4 K 4 20 P x Kt 21 B x Kt 22 Q x B 23 Q-Kt 4 Ktx Kt B x B Q-B 3 B-B sq 42 Q-K sq 43 R-B sq 44 Q-B 3 45 Resigns. Px P Rx R P-B 6 (e)R-Kt 3 Notes by Emil Kemeny. Total bank clearings continue the recent downward movement and furnish the smallest total for some weeks, $897,000,000, or 8 per cent. less than last week, and only 1 per cent. larger than in the fourth week of March, 1895. As compared with the corresponding week in 1894 this week's increase is 20 per cent., and with that in 1893 (more than a month before the outbreak of the panic) (b) P-Q 5 it seems was the strongest continuathis week's decrease is 14 per cent. The fallingtion. After having developed the Queen's wing, White should try to get rid of the isolated Q P. off as compared with the total in 1892 is 17 per (c) B--B 6 followed by R-Q 3 would have given. cent., and with 1891, at a time when trade was White a powerful attack. It seems Black would (a) Black could have played now P-B 4. The text move followed by P-B 4 is also satisfactory and probably somewhat safer. PLEASURE CARRIAGES, LADIES' PHAETONS, BUGGIES, WAGONS, HARNESS, SADDLES & BICYCLES at Factory Prices. All goods guaranteed as represented and sent on approval anywhere. Write at once for our 1896 beautifully Illus. Catalogue showing all the latest styles and new designs in large variety, from a $10 cart to the most stylish Pleasure Vehicles. Prices in plain figures and "A" Grade. $60.00 Testimonials from every state, sent free to all who mention this paper. ALLIANCE CARRIAGE CO., N. Court St., Cinciunati, O. When writing, please mention THE LITERARY DIGEST. Lamp-chimney sellers can't your give you the shape for lamp, without the Index. They have it; but some don't care. Let us send you one; free: "Pearl top and "pearl glass" are trade-mark names for tough glass and fine work. Geo A Macbeth Co Pittsburgh Pa The Lawton Simplex Printer saves time and labor; money too100 letters, postal cards, copies of music, drawings, or typewritten copy, in almost no time, and exact copies at that, by using the Lawton Simplex. Requires no washing or cleaning, and saves its cost over and again in sending out notices. Costs but little ($3 to $10). CAUTION. Other things are being made and called Simplex Printers. The only way to be sure of getting the genuine is to see that yours is the Lawton Simplex Printer. Send for circulars. Agents wanted. LAWTON & CO., 20 Vesey St., New York. Psyche! Beautiful Psyche ! "PSYCHE BY THE SEA." An accurate, artistic, delicately beautiful reproduction in the original colors of the great Artist Kray's exquisitely lovely conception of the world's sweetest dream of the Love and Beauty of the human soul as portrayed in his great Oil Painting "PSYCHE BY THE SEA." This is a most charming Picture. Size of picture 121⁄2 x 16 inches. Size of picture and mat ready for frame 20 x 24 inches. A beautiful adornment for homes of refined taste and elegance. Send name and address for full description and price to CONCORDIA ART PUBLISHING CO., 38 Park Row, New York City. See full-page advertisement in "Literary Digest." of February 15, 1896. A Glad Surprise for Bible Students. Space costs too much to give particulars here sent free on request; every Bible student is interested. JOHN B. ALDEN, Publisher, New York. Mention this paper. KINDERGARTEN SUPPLIES at Scherinerhorn's, 3 East 14th St., N. Y. Send for new catalog. 1 have been obliged to weaken his King's side by eventually playing P-K Kt 3. The move selected by White is not promising, and gives up the King's side attack. (d) Should White continue P-Q 5, then Black would capture the Pawn and give up the Queen for two Rooks. Black's game would then be the preferable one. (e) R-B 8 ch followed by Q-Kt 8 would have very likely forced a draw. The move selected causes defeat, as the progress of the game shows. (f) Beautiful play. White cannot capture the K P on account of Q-Kt 6 ch and wins. Should White play Q x P then P-K 7 wins. (g) The final stroke. White cannot capture the KP on account of Q x Q followed by Queening of the P. White practically has no defense, since Black exchanges Rooks and continues Q-Q 8 ch, followed by Queening of the Pawn. See diagram. FOURTH ROUND-SIXTH GAME. (a) An innovation by Tschigorin, which the Russian on several previous occasions carried to a successful issue. (b) These exchanges result in somewhat equal positions being obtained by both players, but White's development is apt to be the more rapid. (c) Black can do no better than offer to trade, and White seems to have no reluctance to meet him half way. (d) Here, being in complete possession of the open file, White certainly has the advantage. (e) A preparatory move and likewise waiting for the opponent to commit himself and weaken his position. (f) Necessary, tho this is a poor post for this piece, as develops later on. (g) This leaves the King's side much too unprotected. R-Q 2 was more desirable, even tho White might follow with Q-B 6. (h) P-K R 4 would invite Q-R 6, leaving Black in a bad predicament. B-K Kt 4 seem the best alternative. (i) A capital stroke, the force of which Tschigorin completely overlooks. (k) For he cannot avoid the loss of his Rook. If, for instance, 30.. Q-K 2; 31 Q-R 8 ch, Q-B; 32 R-Q 8 ch, and all is over. The United States Championship Match. My absence from the city for the past two days prevented my answering your telegram of yesterday. You have my permission to say, that I believe "HYOMEI" to be one of the most wonderful cures for Catarrh and Throat trouble that; has ́ever been discovered. It my case the effect has been marvelous: (and. I have not been as persistent in the use of the Inhaler as I should have been to have received the best results.) 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Pocket Inhaler Outfit, Complete, by Mail, $1.00, consisting of pocket inhaler (made of deodorized hard rubber, beautifully polished), a bottle of Hyomei, a dropper, and full directions for using. If you are still skeptical, send me your address, and my pamphlet shall Hyomei does cure. Consultation free at my office. prove that Hyomei Balm. An antiseptic skin food for weak chests, burns, scalds, chapped lips, rough hands, frost bites, eczema, etc, Nothing has been discovered so effective for the purposes named. Price by mail, 50 cents. R. T. BOOTH, 23 East 20th St., New York. VOL. XII., No. 24 Published Weekly by NEW YORK, APRIL II, 1896. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 30 Lafayette Place, New York. London: Fleet Street. 44 Toronto: 11 Richmond Street, West. Entered at New York Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. PRICE.-Per year, in advance, $3.00; four months, on trial, $1.00; single copies, 10 cents. RECEIPTS.-The yellow label pasted on the outside wrapper is a receipt for payment of subscription to and including the printed date. EXTENSION.-The extension of a subscription is shown by the printed label the second week after a remittance is received. DISCONTINUANCES.-We find that a large majority of our subscribers prefer not to have their subscriptions interrupted and their files broken in case they fail to remit before expiration. It is therefore assumed, unless notification to discontinue is received, that the subscriber wishes no interruption in his series. Notification to discontinue at expiration can be sent in at any time during the year. PRESENTATION COPIES.-Many persons subscribe for THE LITERARY DIGEST to be sent to friends. In such cases, if we are advised that a subscription is a present and not regularly authorized by the recipient, we will make a memorandum to discontinue at expiration, and to send no bill for the ensuing year. TOPICS OF THE DAY. POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF THE A. P. A. RUMORS of the part which the American Protective Associa tion may be expected to take in the Presidential campaign are treated seriously by the press. A recent meeting of the Supreme Advisory Board has revived comment on the plans and purposes of the organization. These, so far as the coming elections are concerned, will, it is said, be perfected at a meeting of the Supreme Council next month including representatives from the whole country. We append several significant comments from the secular press on the A. P. A. in politics: An Inefficient Political Advisory Board.—“The A. P. A. of the United States is supposed to have what is called 'a National Advisory Board.' Not very long ago we were assured through a circular sent out to all parts of this country that a National Advisory Board had been organized, the business of which was to conduct the political affairs of the organization-gather, investi. gate, and disseminate such political information as would be of benefit to the organization and would lead to wise action and prevent dangerous blunders on the part of State and local bodies. "What have we heard from this body up to date? The most we can gather is, that the Ohio end of the Board is for McKinley, the New York end for Morton, the New England end for Reed, and the balance for-heaven knows what! Local pride and prejudice, or other considerations, appear to have wholly absorbed the patriotism of the arrangement. . . . Is this what it was chosen for to withhold information, or to use it for its own benefit? Or is it possible that its mission is a failure?-that it knows no more of the fitness of Reed or McKinley or the others than does the average member? There are but two conclusions: Either the National Advisory Board is shamefully derelict, or else it is a complete failure as a gatherer of information."— The Citizen (A. P. A.), Boston. Delegates to Republican and Democratic Conventions.According to a member of the national executive committee a gratifyingly large number of members of the organization are to be delegates to the Republican and Democratic conventions. plan of campaign has been agreed on, which is to be distributed in all parts of the country. The order expects to be active in WHOLE NUMBER, 312 But we A national pushing its doctrines between now and the fall election. doubt whether their activity will have much effect. campaign can hardly be made to turn on the question of the Marquette statue, or of the appointment of a papal delegate to the United States. According to the member already referred to, the organization is not opposed particularly to Roman Catholics, but to all religious bodies that seek governmental aid, or that are not governed by principles of Americanism. But, in spite of this assertion, it is manifestly the church of Rome that gives the A. P. A. the most anxiety."-The News (Ind.), Indianapolis. Unjust Attacks Help a Candidate.—“Judge Stevens, the chairman of the executive committee of the A. P. A., makes some pretty large claims for his association. He affirms practically that no candidate who is not satisfactory to the A. P. A. can be elected President. His association, he claims, holds the balance of power in nearly every State in the Union and is strong enough to defeat any man, if it is not strong enough to elect him. The A. P. A. is so thoroughly a secret organization and so little is really known about it by outsiders that it is practically impossible to test the accuracy of Judge Stevens's figures. But assu ming that he is right and that the members should vote one way it is by no means certain that they could defeat the candidate to whom they were opposed. "Unjust attacks upon a man, or attacks that the public consider unjust-and attacks in secret are almost certain to be regarded as such-generally help him with the voters more than they hurt him. There is a very strong sense of fair play among the majority of the people, which impels them to go to the rescue of a candidate that is being unfairly treated, and for the reason that he is being so treated. The way to fight a candidate who is really objectionable is to fight him in an open and manly way. That too is the way that is more likely to succeed than any other, provided of course the complaint against the candidate is well founded and of a serious nature. That is the method the A. P. A. should adopt, if it is going into politics at all. It will never command the respect which some of its avowed principles ought to secure for it until it does."-The Press (Rep.), Portland, Me. He An Indication of a Recast of Political Lines.-"Colonel McClure, of the Philadelphia Times, writes an interesting review of the Southern political situation from Jacksonville, Fla. finds all parties disorganized at the South to a greater extent than ever before in the history of that section. While the South does not produce an ounce of silver, the free-silver wave has swept it like wildfire. Instead of two great parties, he says, there are three-Democrats, Republicans, and Populists-and it is doubtful which, under present conditions, will carry a majority of the Southern States. The Democrats may carry all, but again may lose all. "The A. P. A. Colonel McClure finds very strong at the South. McKinley money a year ago covered the South and corraled most of the Republican leaders. The A. P. A. is now holding the McKinley lines organized on a cash basis one year ago. Their secret organization gives them great power, and they are backing McKinley everywhere. "Colonel McClure does not find the outlook a pleasant one in any section or in any party, and records the opinion that 'the fact that a secret and powerful element is likely to become the leading or controlling factor in the nomination for President is a clear indication that a general recasting of political lines is not far distant. The party that becomes the creature of a secret organization may win a temporary victory, but only to hasten its dissolution.""-The Post (Dem.), Pittsburg, Pa. Foreign Voters Hold the Balance of Power.-"A. P. A.-ism is a very good thing for a vote-getter to have in his house perhaps, if he can carry on his proselytism in private, but if it is done too publicly it is likely to arouse antagonisms from foreign voters,. |