churches makes no difference in the principle. The church which In depicting the fate of women whose husbands abandon polyg- " אן MEANING OF "GEHENNA." Na recent issue of The Freeman (Baptist, London) note was made of the fact that the new railway station at Jerusalem stands in the Vale of Hinnom on the exact site of the Gehenna of the New-Testament narrative. This locality of filth, it is said, and of the "fire that was never quenched" for hundreds of years was as well known to the Jews as Newgate Prison and its locality is to the Londoner. The Universalist (Chicago) makes this statement about the location of Gehenna the text for an editorial disIt says: course on the true meaning of that Scriptural term. "It would have saved a world of misreading and error if the term hell had been kept out of our Scriptures altogether, and the proper name Gehenna had been kept in. The translators, indeed, have only made the plain obscure and the rational absurd in this instance. "The contention of orthodox teaching that Gehenna was used as a symbol of the never-ending punishment of hell, assumes as a fact a point which has never been proved and is incapable of proof. "There is not a single example of the contemporary usage of the term in the time of Christ or for two hundred years afterward, which bears out the contention of the terrible symbolism which recent periods have attached to the word. Gehenna was employed in the time of Christ as a symbol of moral corruption and wickedness, and it had a well-defined local signification as applied to the retributions which came upon the Jewish state. There is not a particle of evidence to prove that Jesus in referring to the judgment of the valley of Hinnom had any reference whatsoever to the future life. The new railway station at Jerusalem might properly bear the name of Gee Hinnom, or Hinnom, or even Gehenna, but to call it 'hell,' attaching the usual signification to that word, and giving it thus a meaning which it did not bear in the time of Christ, would be an outrage to citizens of Jerusalem and an offense to the traveling public, but a still greater outrage was perpetrated on the Christian world when Gehenna was translated in the New Testament by this hideous and unhistorical word, and the historical vale of Hinnom thus made to signify an idea which was not in the mind of Christ and is not discoverable in the contemporary usage of the Jewish people." THERE is a larger number of Baptist papers in the South than in any other section of the Union. Out of twenty-eight religious papers published in Texas, fifteen are Baptist; Tennessee has eleven publications of the same persuasion out of a total of thirty-four; Georgia eight in twenty-two; Arkansas six in fourteen, and North Carolina six out of eighteen. In Massachusetts out of a total of eighty-six religious periodicals only five are Baptist. IN THE GOSPEL AND THE POOR. N a condition in which all should be absolutely good, would there be any poor people? The Advance (Congregationalist, Chicago) says that this question is more curious than practical, for in the world, as we have it, and as it will be for long ages to come, the race will be divided into the rich and the poor; that this results from the laws of nature, or, what is much the same thing, from the appointment of God, and that it is written in the Law, "The poor shall never cease out of the land;" and in the Gospel, "For ye have the poor always with you." The following comment is then made: "If then the poor shall never cease out of the land,' if under Christianity their numbers are likely to be relatively larger, even granting, what is doubtless true, that their case will grow constantly better, what shall be done about them? Only one answer worth a straw has ever yet been found: they are to have the good news preached to them, and the substance of value implied in the Give them the Gospel proclamation is to be conveyed to them, and they become the poor rich, a vastly happier and more honorable class than the rich poor-rich in possessions but poor toward God. Our science of society seems to be slowly coming to this wisdom, given at the beginning of our era as proof that Christ was the very Messiah. This was not the wisdom of Malthus, to quote the sage once more. He would give the poor, not a dinner, but a ditch. 'Go away, good man,' said he, 'the table is full. If you come to that, to any ditch that you prefer.' Here in the last days we have again the spirit of the old paganism; the poor are not objects of pity, but instruments of lust and ambition. How long must we be in learning that the poor, ministered to in love and wisdom of the Gospel, become the riches of the social fabric? "The criminal blunder of an age dominated by the commercial spirit consists in assuming that we can cancel our obligation in respect to giving the Gospel to the poor by paying church rates, employing a fine quartet, and giving what it costs us nothing to give to the common charities. The most conspicuously essential thing about a good rich man is that his money is converted into Gospel. Neither himself nor his possessions are his own; he is consciously a steward. His wealth, be it much or little, is administered in the interest of man. The wants of the poor have encumbered his estates, and he is constantly planning to pay his debts. Stewardship is the solution of our problems of rich and poor, capital and labor, the wise and the unwise, and not some pagan device to oppress or annihilate the poor, nor some communistic scheme to scale possessions down to a dead level, by which the souls of men would become equally dead. And this is no hardship-except to avarice. What we ourselves are to become depends in large measure on the use we shall make of the poor. If commerce treats the poor as utilities, it becomes hard and dehumanized; if culture treats the poor with contempt, it becomes narrow, selfish, and punctiliously coarse; a ministry that does not minister to the poor is leavened with the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Wealth broadens, strengthens, and purifies when it is consecrated; culture dignifies in proportion to its lowliness, and its height is measured by the breadth of its sympathies. The Son of man came not to be ministered unto but to minister. Abatement of Religious Hate.-The American Cath olic News, New York, says: "In Norway we have a notable illustration of the vitality of the Catholic Church. In no other part of Europe was Catholicity suppressed half so successfully. Fifty years ago priests were still banished from the country under the pain of death. Catholics were liable to imprisonment, and the very name of the church was in contempt. According to Bishop Fallize, however, the reaction in favor of Catholicity is as strong as the prejudice was violent. At the dedication of a Catholic church and hospital at Christiansen, recently, thousands of Protestants, including the chief officials of the province, were present. At the close of the ceremony a prominent official made an address, in which he prayed for Christian unity and the decay of religious hate. Bishop Fallize modestly attributes this remarkable change of popular sentiment to the influence of the nuns, who travel in their religious garb, and are in constant demand as nurses in Protestant homes. So highly are they esteemed that they are allowed free passage in street-cars and on many of the steamship lines." Vol. XII., No. 15] THE LITERARY DIGEST. The Mother of Evangelist Moody.-The aged mother of the evangelist Dwight L. Moody died at her home in Northfield, Mass., on January 26. Mrs. Betsy Holton Moody was in her ninety-first year, and is survived by four sons-Isaiah, George, Dwight, and Edwin-all living in Northfield, and two daughters-Mrs. Cornelia Walker, of Northfield, and Mrs. Lizzie MRS. BETSY HOLTON MOODY, THE MOTHER OF EVANGELIST MOODY. (By courtesy of McClure's Magazine.) Washburn, of Racine, Wis. The Tribune supplemented its notice of Mrs. Moody's death with the following: A certain family Bible in an old farmhouse in Northfield, Mass., has the following record: Edwin Moody was born November 1, 1800. Betsy Holton was born February 5, 1805. Were married January 3, 1828. "Both the Moodys and the Holtons were old families in the little mountain town. The latter were among the first settlers of the 'plantation of Northfield,' which was purchased of the Indians in 1673, and laid out by a committee of the General Court of Massachusetts, of which committee William Holton was a member. This man was of English descent, born in the colony of Massachusetts Bay, and from him Betsy Holton was a lineal descendant of the fifth generation. "Of the nine children (seven sons and two daughters) born of this marriage, Dwight Lyman, the famous evangelist, was the sixth, born on February 5, 1837. On May 28, 1841, his father, who was a farmer, died. "All that was left to the widow for her support was the little home on the mountain-side, with an acre or two of land; and even this was encumbered by debt. Of her seven children, the eldest was but thirteen years of age, and a month after her husband's death another boy and girl were born. "Some of the worldly-wise neighbors advised her to give away or bind out her children, all except the twin babies, but this she was determined not to do. God had endowed her with unusual strength, both of body and mind, and, trusting to Him, she bravely lifted her burden of poverty and toil and carried it patiently, hopefully, and at length cheerfully, until the little ones were able to help her bear it, and at last to fill her hands with plenty. Her brothers in Boston helped her pay the interest of the mortgage on her house, the eldest boy helped to take care of the little farm, and the mother took care of the house and children. Mrs. Moody was always an object of deep interest to the many visitors to the institutions of Northfield." A WRITER in The Christian Standard makes a plea for improved methods of Bible reading in the pulpit. He says: "If the Bible is the book of books why is it so often read in a monotonous and lifeless manner. Often the minister takes his position behind the pulpit without having selected or prepared a Scripture lesson beforehand. Is it any wonder that the lesson attracts so little attention? The actor studies his part word by word, and line by line; he endeavors to express every thought in the best possible manner. The preacher should do the same." (441) 21 Church Record of the Past Year.-We find the following summary of facts in The North and West (Presbyterian, Minneapolis): "During the past year the Baptists have united their Northern and Southern bodies in the support of work among the negroes. Their colored church has grown from one congregation in 1788 to 1,604,210 members. The Free Baptists and Christians decline to unite with the Congregationalists, who issue a new quadrilateral. The Disciples are endowing special chairs in connection with the universities of Michigan and Missouri. They have also organized a board of ministerial relief, tho they formerly hesitated to pay salaries to active ministers. The Jews have a Woman's Council and a Chautauqua. The Lutherans are coming together more closely, and will be less of a foreign body in the future. They are beginning to build up a literature in English. The Mennonites are proposing to unite two wings that have been separated for two centuries, and they have sent out their first foreign missionary. The Methodists will probably admit women delegates to this Conference. Their ministers favor an abolition of the time limit on their pastorates. The Southern Methodists have appointed a committee on federation; the Methodist Protestants are building a university at Kansas City, and hold their next Conference there. The Moravians have 23,000 communicants in the home provinces and 93,000 under care of the missionaries. The Cumberland Presbyterians consolidated their boards of education and relief under one secretary. The United Presbyterians have adopted a plan of cooperation with a Holland branch, which the latter are to act upon this year at Grand Rapids and are corresponding with a Southern Associate Reform church. The Reformed (Dutch) Church adopted the plan of Presbyterian federation. Twenty-four Classes voted for it, ten against. German Reformed are pushing the Andrew Brotherhood! It makes a good record for the churches." The A Familiar Text in Question.-The Kansas City Catholic says: "One of the many misleading mistranslations in the Protestant Bible is a text most commonly and mistakenly used, 'Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good-will toward men,' which we see in two secular papers last week rendered 'peace on earth, good-will to men.' To give 'good-will' to all men would be to overthrow the free-will with which we see all men around us invested, and which makes evil possible. And to give 'peace' to all men must mean spiritual 'peace,' and this can not be given to those of criminal habits. The mistranslation is irrational. The proper translation is found in the Catholic Bible only, 'Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace to men of good-will,' to men who conform their will to the will of God." RELIGIOUS NOTES. The Arrow, an English representative of the Episcopal Church, in answer to the question, "What form should be used in receiving Romanists in the church? says: "We do not approve of encouraging those who are Roman Catholics to break away from that state of life to which it has pleased God to call them. They have the whole faith and the sacraments where they are." Referring to the last sentence in this paragraph, The Freeman's Journal (Roman Catholic) makes the following statement: "This is certainly a good reason why Catholics should remain Catholics, but it is an equally good reason why non-Catholics should become Catholics. What greater inducement could there be to a believer in the New Dispensation than the fact that the Roman Catholic Church possesses the whole faith and the sacraments? What more could the Christian desire?" COMMANDER BALLINGTON BOOTH and his wife, of the Salvation Army, have decided to obey the order issued from headquarters in London summoning them to return to England. Much regret is expressed in many quarters over this order and the decision of the Booths with reference thereto. Commander Booth and his wife came to this country in 1887, and it is largely owing to their personal influence and their able management that the Salvation Army in America has grown to its present large proportions and gained so firm a hold in the respect and good-will of all classes. M. T. VANN, of Chattanooga, Tenn., the great colored Baptist "bishop," says: "Give a negro the Bible and no white man to explain it away,' and he has no more sense than to be a Baptist, every time. When you see a negro who is anything else, you may put it down that some white man has been explaining' Scriptures for him!"-Baptist Beacon. MEMBERS of the sect of Latter-Day Saints are more numerous throughout this country, outside of Utah, than many people suppose. They have no less than eighteen organizations in New York State, fourteen in Pennsyl vania, eighteen in Ohio, eight in Massachusetts, forty-two in Missouri, and twelve in Texas. AN "iniquitous attempt to reimpose by legislative enactment ecclesiastical tyranny upon a free people" is the way the London Baptist characterizes the attempt by act of Parliament to extend aid to sectarian schools in England. FROM FOREIGN LANDS. SOME SIDE-LIGHTS ON THE ANGLO-AMERICAN DISPUTE. AT T the present moment the question is anxiously asked in England: "Are the colonies true to us?" Some demonstrative proofs of aversion to Germany have been given in Australia, and many Canadian papers have expressed profound contempt for the United States as a fighting-power. But there is ample proof that Australia feels strong enough to strike out for herself, and that many Canadians regard the possibility of annexation to the United States with indifference. All this gives The Saturday Review, London, food for unpleasant reflection. President Cleveland's message, says this paper, has given a great shock to the Britons' national vanity. They turn for consolation to the colonies, but find much that is discouraging even there. The Saturday Review is not pleased with the attitude of Australia. That the Melbourne Stock Exchange should have sent a message of peace worded exactly alike for London and New York is not flattering. Nor is the attitude of Canada entirely satisfactory. The paper says: "The Canadian papers having declared that Canada would fight for us, we have tried to console ourselves with the idea that our colonists at least love us and would fight for the old flag. But, again, all competent judges warn us not to put too much reliance on the loyalty of the English Canadians. Lower Canada-French Canada-would fight desperately for the English connection, because the French priests, the directors of the people, loathe and dread the American system of free, lay education, but the Englishmen in Upper Canada would almost as soon live under the Stars and Stripes as under the Union Jack. The truth is that we are regarded with practical indifference by our kinsfolk in Upper Canada, and the feeling in Australia is scarcely more sympathetic. The mere existence of the Sydney Bulletin, that derides England and the English connection in every issue, and is at the same time the most popular journal under the Southern Cross, shows that we are not regarded with much love by our kinsfolk in Australia." The Colonies and India, London, regards this pessimism as unjustifiable. True, there has been no braggadocio, no boasting in Canada (our contemporary evidently has not access to all the Canadian papers), but the gravity of the situation is recognized in Canada, and the people there are ready to act. closes as follows: The writer "It is absurd to say that because a few people in Australasia, or in Canada, are not satisfied with things as they are, and advocate all sorts of absurd politics, that the colonies generally are not loyal to the mother country. It might just as well be said that a change of the forms of government of England is imminent because there are a few Republicans, Socialists, and other people here who do not share in the opinions of the large majority. . Whatever one might expect about colonial sympathy and colonial loyalty, there is no doubt that those qualities do exist in the highest degree in the outlying portions of the Empire." The Week, Toronto, rebukes the United States because of our attitude in regard to European colonization in South America. Civilization would be better served, argues the editor, if the more energetic races of Europe were allowed to wrest the rule of South Americans from the Spaniards and Portuguese. He is, moreover, indignant because the German Emperor intimates that he will oppose a further extension of British power. The Week says: "South America, the richest continent of the earth, is nearly wasted and will continue wasted until the population of the United States, having overflowed Canada and Mexico, finds itself once more too numerous for its habitat, and begins to pour still further southward. Now, altho the continent is suitable to whites, it has been left entirely to the Iberians to populate it. This they have neglected to do, for they do not multiply suffi ciently, and leave hard work to inferior races, altho a white man can live in South America by working four hours only." The writer then asks the United States to relinquish the claim of supremacy contained in the popular explanation of the Monroe doctrine, in favor of the very people whose attempt to become a colonial power is strongly resisted by England in Africa, Asia, and Australia, saying: "The increase of the German population is more than ten millions per generation, in a country which is already over-full. We have not a doubt in our own minds that, were Germany free to invade Brazil, or coerce Brazil, or make terms with Brazil, Southern Brazil would become a German dependency, as would also Peru, now in her nadir of resources, thus constituting a mighty German state, stretching from ocean to ocean, filling up rapidly with a population capable of high culture, adding indefinitely to the wealth and thought and general civilitas of mankind." The Mexican Herald, Mexico, notices that the tide of public opinion is once more turning in favor of President Cleveland. This paper thinks that Cleveland has convinced the people that his message was not a mere electioneering device. He is a strong, energetic statesman, fully capable of reading the people. Altho Englishmen denounce him, they must remember that he comes of the same stock as themselves, hence his doggedness. CHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN HAWAII. HAWAII is at present the scene of troubles with which our Western States and Australia are not unfamiliar. The Hawaiian planters desire the importation of Chinese coolies to till their fields, but they do not wish to increase the Chinese population of their towns. On the other hand, Chinese who are willing to bind themselves over as plantation hands are not easily found. Hence the agents of the planters engage men under false pretenses. The immigration laws against the Chinese are very strict in Hawaii, and Chinamen attempting to enter the republic as free workmen are liable to a fine, which is generally worked off on a plantation. The Advertiser, Honolulu, contains a lengthy report of a case in point, from which we take the following: "The steamer Coptic took sixty-three Chinese from Hongkong. to Honolulu. The British Government is at present very anxious to keep the Chinese in good humor, and will not allow contracts to be signed at Hongkong. No Chinese are deceived with the concurrence of British officials. The emigrants imagine that it is optional with them to work on plantations or to set up as mechanics or shopkeepers in Honolulu. During the passage, however, twenty-two of the Coptic's passengers were prevailed upon to sign as plantation hands. Fourteen more did so when pressure was brought to bear at the Honolulu quarantine station. The other twenty-seven positively refused to do so. As similar trouble had occurred on former occasions, a special commissioner was appointed to settle the matter, and a thoroughly reliable interpreter was engaged. As the men positively refused to sign, Commissioner Girvin promised that they should be sent back to China. Shortly afterward it was reported that the men were signing contracts. Interpreter Chu Gem remarked to Mr. Girvin that there was something peculiar about this, and suggested an inquiry. They went into the room where the Chinese were kept and questioned them as to their change of front, as eight or ten of the men were numbered and tagged for Honokaa plantation. 'We have signed a paper that we will go to the station-house and wait until the arrival of the Chinese steamer,' one of the men replied. 'But,' said Chu Gem in pure Cantonese, 'this is your number on the plantation. Did you agree to go there to work?' A well-rounded chorus of 'No' was the answer. for a moment stumped. Holding one of the tags in his hand for a moment, he said, 'Well, I guess you don't want to go.' and then tore up the tag. The Chinamen who had signed followed Mr. Girvin then gathered up all the blue contracts he could get hold of, also the promises to pay fifty-four dollars' passage money to Honolulu, and locked them up. suit. Mr. Girvin was "As the men continued to decline to sign contracts as agricul tural laborers, they were arrested under the penal code, and fined $100 and costs each for violating the Hawaiian immigration laws." 1 THE "SICK MAN" AND THE POWERS. OURNALISTS who have no pet idea for the division of Turkey are rare in Europe. A writer in the Preussische Jahrbücher, signing himself "Vir Pacificus," suggests a general · change in the frontier lines of the European powers. The only great power to which he denies new acquisitions is England. Unlike most productions of this kind, the article carries weight. It is evidently written by a "professional" diplomat. Besides, it appears in a publication which is read extensively in official circles. Vir Pacificus expresses himself, in the main, as follows: "Palliatives no longer avail; the 'Sick Man' is nearing his end, and his provinces must be shared among the powers. The Russian Chauvinists want the whole of the Balkan peninsula, but that is too much, for it would endanger Austria. Not even with the help of France could Russia obtain her wish. But the Czar may be given Constantinople and Gallipoli. This would insure free passage for Russia's fleet to and from the Black Sea. It would also give her much influence in the Balkans, but she is entitled to it, as long as Austria-Hungary is not excluded. To preserve the balance of power, the other great empires must be satisfied. Austria declares that she does not wish for an extension of her possessions in the Balkans. She should receive Poland, whose Roman Catholic population is of little benefit to Russia. Germany, too, could be satisfied with a part of the Russian Empirethe Protestant provinces of Esthland, Kurland, and Livland. "Will Russia be satisfied to have the German frontier within four days' march of her capital? No. But St. Petersburg is not a good capital for Russia. If she has free access to the ocean by way of the Dardanelles, the Czar can return to Moscow, or build 'a capital on the Black Sea. Russia must be given the larger part of Asia Minor in exchange for Poland and the Baltic provinces. Syria, Arabia, and Mesopotamia, principally inhabited by Mohammedans, should be formed into a buffer state between the Russian and English possessions, and may be left to the Sultan, with Damascus or Bagdad for residence." "England has already her full share of the Turkish Empire. "Tripoli must become a buffer between the French and English possessions, therefore Tripoli should be given to Italy. France, too, must be allowed to possess herself of Morocco and the Kongo state. German "It remains to quiet French demands for revenge. Lorraine and Alsace can not be returned. But there is Metz, and the surrounding part of purely French Lorraine, now in the possession of Germany. But Germany could afford to return Metz to France, especially as Luxembourg, independent by mistake only, would also fall to Germany. But "It will be seen that Russia is asked to give up most. Poland and the Baltic provinces are a source of weakness rather than strength to her. Besides, that Russia should become mistress of Constantinople and Asia Minor, while also in possession of Poland, is more than Europe will allow. It is very doubtful if the Russian Panslavists would dare to make such attempt in the THE EUROPEAN CONCERT. Is this the kind of music to make in a sick man's room? -Journal Amusant, Paris. face of the Triple Alliance. Austria would gain most, but her composition is so heterogeneous that she can not endanger Europe's peace. Germany would gain in extent and population, but lose somewhat in military strength." Politiken, Copenhagen, thinks it is time to break with the popular idea that Russia protects, or wishes to protect, the Christians in Turkey. Russia treats the Armenian Christians, who refuse to acknowledge the Czar as their head, badly enough. Politiken argues as follows: "Thousands of Armenians who have sought a refuge on Russian soil are given to understand that they are not wanted there, and driven back over the border. "Russia's often-expressed and much-lauded concern for the welfare of the Sultan's Christian subjects is, therefore, only for show. Now as ever the Russian statesmen look forward only to a war of conquest. If Russia does not think the moment for an attack upon Turkey favorable, the Turkish Christians are taken very little into account. True, Russia will now and then join the powers in a formal request for a guaranty that the Christians shall be allowed to live in comparative safety. But just now the Sultan has little to fear from Russia. Russia would be quite willing to 'pacify,' i.e., annex, Armenia if she could obtain the consent of Europe for such an act, but as the powers are not willing to grant such permission, Russia keeps on the right side of the Sultan. "Pity for the persecuted Christians will keep; it can be brought forward at any convenient moment. At present Russia has other fish to fry; has to attend to matters of greater importance in the Far East, and the Armenian question is not at all popular. England exercises as much pressure as possible to compel the Sultan to give relief to the Armenians; Russia indirectly assists the Turks, in order to create a more desperate situation in the future. As a matter of course both England and Russia carry on their politics for their own interests. England wants to preserve the Turk, Russia must profit by his ruin. But altho England is as much concerned about her own interest as Russia, the fact remains that the British Government in Turkey seeks to procure for the oppressed elements among the population of Turkey better and more humane treatment, while Russia, moved by the most egoistical considerations, supports the most incapable rule known in modern times."-Translated and Condensed for THE LITERARY DIGEST. Progress in China.-The lesson of the war with Japan is not entirely forgotten in China. The employment of large numbers of European instructors proves that the weakness of the Chinese army is recognized in the military circles of that country. There is also a determination to replace the lost fleet. But the most radical change in the opinion of the Chinese is shown in their appreciation of European engineering and European learning. The Ost-Asiatische Lloyd, Shanghai, reports that a regular road, fit for the use of vehicles of all sorts, is being constructed to Peking. The Chinese will soon see heavy wagons rolling along a properly constructed highway, an unheard-of thing in the Flowery Kingdom. In addition to this, new railroads are to be built, and those which are already running are looked after better than ever before. But the most important and far-reaching result of the late war is the determination of the Chinese Government to provide education on the European system. The Dailny Wastok, Vladivostok, says: "The Chinese Government has come to the conclusion that European schools are a necessity. A university will shortly be founded in the northern parts of the Empire, in Manchuria. The city of Tchan-Dsin has been chosen as the site of this new alma mata. Only Europeans will be engaged as professors, but Chinese who have received their education in Europe will act as teachers and assistants. One European of repute has already been engaged. Besides the usual academical courses, instruction will be given in architecture, mining, electrical science, and engineering. Preparatory schools will be founded in the same province, to take the place of the European grammar schools. These establishments will also be under the supervision of the university."- Translated for THE LITERARY DIGEST. THE ENGLAND AND GERMANY. HE question, "Will England be allowed to direct the destinies of South Africa single-handed?" remains still unsolved. But there is a growing feeling in Great Britain that it would be well to adopt a more friendly tone toward Germany. Those Conservative and Liberal Unionist organs which took up the warlike note sounded throughout the country when the German Emperor's telegram was published, now find themselves in an isolated position. The Standard, for a long time acknowledged as Lord Salisbury's mouthpiece, but now officially disowned, contained the following defiant passage: "There are six great European powers; and it is on the grouping of them that the answer to the question turns. How are they grouped? Will it be thought a sample of our insular arrogance if we reply, 'We hardly know, and we do not much care?' we could hold our own, even if five out of the six grouped themselves against us, is the opinion of most Englishmen." That This, thinks The Westminster Gazette, is simply out-heroding Herod. "Hoity-toity," says that paper, "what has come over The Standard? Its attitude is that of the 'Don't-care-a-d——' order. Does it really suppose that blatant bombast on our part is the way to keep peace?" But this Radical authority might be supposed to write in this way because it is in the Opposition. The St. James's Gazette, however, a full-blooded Conservative, expresses itself in a similar manner. It says: "There really is cause that we should be sharply recalled to a recollection of the fact that if boasting after you have won is vulgar, boasting before the fighting begins is imbecile. Within the last few weeks we have developed a somewhat excessive confidence in our power 'to whip creation.' Even Mr. Balfoura gentleman who by nature is nothing if not critical-has been warmed up to the point of declaring that England never was such a fighting-machine as she is to-day. Well, if the first lord of the Treasury only means that we never were so well armed at the beginning of a war, he is, we think, right; but then he is not saying much. We were in past times commonly very ill prepared . . which found expression in bellowings of the Marseillaise on the Boulevards, in yells of 'à Berlin,' and in boastings that all was ready down to the last button on the last gaiter. Really, to listen to some of the talk now audible, one would think that a fight with all the world would be to us what drawing a badger was to the collier's dog-quite 'a little 'oliday."" A writer in The Times declares outright that German animosHe enumerates everything ity against England is well founded. that has been mentioned as a grievance on the part of the Prussians and Germans. We summarize as follows: That England left Prussia and Frederick the Great in the lurch during the Seven Years' War can not be denied. That Lord Bute, while feigning friendship toward Prussia, endeavored to make terms with her enemies France and Russia, is equally true, and this has laid the foundation for the aversion against "perfide" Albion. England's attitude at the Vienna Congress (1814) only added fuel to the flame, as men like Stein, and generals like Gneisenau and Clausewitz, were led to mistrust England. The fact that England assisted the French in 1870 in a clandestine To all this must be added the manner added fuel to the flame. ignorance, pretension, and insular apathy with which England has treated Germany, and which led the English to hurt the feelings of the Germans as much as they opposed their interests. Again, English politics has been such that the Germans are led to regard England as a weak, despicable, and cowardly power. The Emperor therefore finds support for his attitude with the The leaders of the nation are ready to whole German nation. make use of this enmity against England to found a powerful South African Empire, and to gain Holland as a long-desired ally. The situation is full of danger, and all those who wish Germany and England to be friends should insist that the English adopt a different tone toward Germany. Yet it should not be forgotten that friendship can not exist without respect, and that England can not gain Germany's respect unless she proves that she is ready at any moment to defend her rights with the sword and to revenge uncalled-for insults. Labouchere, in Truth, thinks it is time for Englishmen to remember that all Africa does not belong to them. Charles Lowe, for many years a Times correspondent in Berlin, has published a book on the German Emperor, in which he points out that the Emperor is more than popular, and is a genuine leader of the people. Lowe warns Englishmen that William II. must not be regarded lightly, as he is one of the most remarkable scions of his remarkable family. In Germany the Transvaal incident seems to have left a dogged determination to break with the old tradition of humoring the English. A letter received by the Vossische Zeitung, Berlin, The following from "A Briton," has caused much merriment. passages are quoted extensively, as illustrative of England's conviction that she rules the world: "You seem to think that our papers endeavor to influence English opinion against Germany, but this is a mistake. Our press does not lead, it follows public opinion without exaggerating it. The warlike articles in the British press are far behind the enthusiasm of the people. I have never seen anything like it. A declaration of war against Germany would be the most popular thing in England. . . . The English people have been insulted by your Emperor, who is not responsible for his actions. Unless ample reparation is made, your Empire, which owes its origin to us, will cease to exist. We do not care in the least whether we have to face all Europe in the struggle.' THE 'HE larger meaning of the policy expressed in the motto "America for Americans" is discussed by the St. Petersburg Novosti in an editorial on the proper attitude of Europe toward the United States. Not only, says that paper, can there be no question of European support of the Monroe doctrine, but it is time European nations gave serious thought to the question whether they have been wise in overlooking the alleged aggressive tendencies displayed by the United States. We quote from the article as follows: "American protectionism may be regarded as one of the manifestations of Monroeism. America, unified by this 'doctrine.' confronts Europe as a hostile power. What is the end and object of the United States? In the first place, it wishes to exclude European possessions from North and South America; in the second place, it wishes to exclude therefrom the products of European industry. The revival of McKinleyism now imminent indicates the drift of things with respect to this latter part of the program. If this is all true, the struggle is not an equal one. On the one hand, Europe is divided into several governments acting separately and often hostile to one another. On the other hand, America is composed of republics that are subordinated to the moral authority of the Washington Government, and represents a united and mighty confederation which it is impossible to over |