burg, but the reaction of late years swept this privilege out of existence along with many others. Owing to the ceaseless efforts of the supporters of the cause of woman's progress, the Government has at last approved a plan for the establishment of a new, independent woman's medical institute. Graduating physicians will have more rights than formerly, and will enjoy the same opportunities and privileges as male physicians, with a few unimportant exceptions. An examination in Latin and a diploma from a gymnasium are prerequisites to admission. Only Christian women, however, are to be admitted. The exclusion of Jewish women is adversely commented on, but the general plan is giving wide satisfaction. The St. Petersburg Viedomosti says: "The 'woman question' is still, as a mere matter of tradition doubtless, regarded as an artificial creation rather than a product of life itself, with its revolutionized conditions, under which nolens-volens woman must step into the arena of the struggle for existence. It is to mitigate this struggle, to give it proper direction, that professional education is resorted to. Next to the pedagogical function, the medical corresponds most fully with the peculiar capacities and faculties of women.”

The Poltowa Provincial Viedomosti points out the imperative need of an increase in the number of physicians in the Russian provinces. It says:

"Half of the present number of our physicians live in cities, while in the villages he finds it only as happy exceptions here and there that there is one physician to a territory of four hundred square miles and twenty thousand inhabitants. Naturally, ignorant quacks flourish and supply, in their own fashion, the needs of our masses. What wonder is it that our people have the most curious notions of disease and the healing arts? In this respect we are far behind other European nations. In the interest of progress, the new institute is worthy of the warmest sympathy and support."

It is still uncertain whether Russian women who have graduated from the medical colleges of other countries are to be permitted to take the final examinations and receive licenses to practise in Russia. As thousands of Russian women have studied medicine abroad, the question is an important one. At present they are obliged to settle and practise in other countries than their own.— Translations made for THE LIterary Digest.

PARIS A GREAT CITY OF FOREIGNERS.

WE

E recently published the complaint of a French critic that French novelists had slandered their countrywomen by describing as Parisiennes types of foreigners resident in the city. Perhaps this was not so far out of the way after all, for the recent census of Paris shows that two thirds of its residents were born without the city, so that a large majority of the inhabitants of Paris are not Parisians at all; at least they are not “to the manner born." We translate below from the Revue Scientifique, November 16, some interesting figures relating to this peculiarity of the French capital:

"It is generally known that most of the residents of Paris are not Parisians; exactly only one third of the inhabitants of Paris were born there. This proportion has always been nearly the same, at least for the last thirty years. . . . It is not only at Paris that the native population is in the minority; it is the same with the great foreign capitals. At St. Petersburg, the percentage of native population is 32; it is 41 in Berlin, 45 in Vienna. At London, where one would suppose the population still more transient, 65 per cent. of the inhabitants were born in the city; such is the proportion of cockneys.

at St. Petersburg there are 23,000 (about 24 to the thousand); at Vienna, 35,000 (about 22 to the thousand); finally, at Berlin, 18,000 (about 11 to the thousand). These figures are very small by the side of those of Paris, where there are 181,000 foreigners, or 75 to the thousand inhabitants, to whom must be added 47,000 naturalized citizens (the number of the naturalized is insignificant in the capitals named above). Two very significant figures are the following: There are at Paris 26,863 Germans (not counting those who conceal their nationality) while at Berlin there are only 397 Frenchmen.

"The nationalities best represented at Paris are, besides the Germans, as named above, the Belgian (45,000), the Swiss (26,ooo), and the Italian (21,000). We should also name the Luxemburgese (13,000), the English (13,000), and the Russians (9,000). "The number of foreigners in Paris is increasing rapidly. This may be perceived by noticing the very numerous naturalizations of recent years. M. Bertillon estimates at 47,000 the number of foreigners living at Paris in 1833. This number did not increase much under Louis Philippe, for in 1851 there were but 53,000. In 1876 there were 119,000, and in 1891, 181,000.

'Among these numerous foreigners only 8,000 are proprietors; 20,000 others are employers; 16,000 are employees; 57,500 are laborers, 17,000 are servants, and, finally, 62,000 are wives and children of the preceding.

"In general, the number of foreigners is less in the employments filled by women than in those filled by men (except those of domestic servant and teacher); the seamstresses, milliners, laundresses, etc., are almost all French.

"On the other hand, the competition of foreigners in Paris is extremely active in the liberal professions; physicians, dentists, artists, musicians, bankers, merchants (German and Swiss). A third, a quarter, or a fifth of the persons occupying the positions just named are foreigners.

"Among the occupations that number most foreigners we may mention the following: house-painters (Swiss and Italians), chimney-sweeps (Italians and Swiss), diggers (Belgians and Italians), cabinet-makers (Belgians), tailors (Germans and Belgians), shoemakers (Belgians), coachmen (Belgians and Italians), and hotel-waiters (Swiss and Germans).

"Why are foreigners so numerous in France and notably in Paris? According to M. Bertillon, it is because of the insufficient number of natives of France. Foreigners respond to the demand for labor, since the French population does not produce laborers, at least, good laborers, in a sufficient quantity. This great number of foreigners established on our soil is already sometimes a grave cause of embarrassment; if it continues to increase still more, it may possibly become a serious danger."—Translated for THE LITERary Digest.

CORRESPONDENTS' CORNER.

Concerning Vivisection.

Editor of THE LITERARY DIGEST:-

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., Jan. 2, 1896. IN THE LITERARY DIGEST of December 21, there appears a quotation from an editorial in The Medical News, making a somewhat serious charge against one of your subscribers, which I beg you will give me an opportunity to correct. Referring to the ethical question involved in vivisection, the editor of The News remarks that "obstructionists like Dr. Leffingwell . present a mental attitude which is simply fatal to all progress." Now if this were true, it would seem to call for most serious introspection on the part of the individual concerned, but it is a mistake. Commenting upon my reply to his editorial (which appeared in The Medical News, December 14) the editor says: "We regret that we classed Dr. Leffingwell among the prohibitive antivivisectionists, as this was an error;" and in a personal letter he adds: "In looking over your two books, I recognize that I did you some injustice in the editorial. I see that we are really at one in our opinions and feelings." While I hardly feel that coincidence of views is quite so complete as these words would imply, yet it is neverthe less a curious fact that no writer has more clearly and accurately set forth my views on vivisection than this editor of The Medical News. In his re markable and thoughtful work on "The Meaning and Purpose of Life," there occurs the following passage: "If." he says, with significant calltion, "if a very limited use of vivisection experiment is necessary for scientific and medical progress, it must be regulated by law, carried out with jealous guarding against excess, and against suffering, and the maimed animals painlessly killed when the experiment is complete. The practise carried on by conceited jackanapes to prove over again already ascertained facts, to minister to egotism, for didactic purposes-these are not necessary, and must be forbidden." That is precisely my attitude toward vivisection. Toward legitimate regulated by law, and carried out with jealous guarding against excess and against suffering," I have no objection; but confess myself now and always an obstructionist against that awful and atrocious cruelty which I have personally witnessed at the hands of physiological inquisitors, who-to use the words of Professor Parvin of Jefferson Medical College-"seem, seeking useless knowledge, to be blind to the writhing agony, and deaf to the cry of pain, and who have been guilty ALBERT LEFFINGWELL, M.D.

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BUSINESS SITUATION.

The General State of Trade Money-Market, etc.

General trade has not improved appreciably. Some wholesale houses are sending out travelers, while others have not completed taking account of stock. Mild weather at Western points has interfered with business in some instances, and the week continues to present characteristics of a between-seasons period. The impression is general that uncertainty as to financial action by Congress and disturbing political conditions have an unfavorable influence on the prospect for new enterprises. Mercantile collections East, West, and Northwest are complained of, but at the South the comparative ease with which they are made forms a conspicuous exception. Demand for funds at various Western centers is the most active for a year. Stocks of wholesalers at many of the larger interior distributing points are low. First advices of salesmen on the road are of moderate

demand for goods, improvement showing itself first in dry-goods, shoes, and clothing.

The money-market is decidedly less nervous, but 6-per-cent. rates are considered likely to continue the rule for some time to come. European speculators have covered shorts in this market. London is steadier on the decreased possibility of hostilities with Germany. Exchange is lower at 4.89 for sight drafts. Gold exports are possible at this rate, but gold shipments for the week were only $2,500,000 on Wednesday (including $1,500,000 held over from the 27th of December) and $1,250,000 on Saturday. The unwillingness of some bankers to ship and the difficulty in obtaining legal tenders are the apparent obstacles to larger gold withdrawals.

December gross railway earnings are among the best of 1895 as far as increases are concerned, for only one month showed a larger gain. The increase in December is larger than that for October or November, altho the volume

of

business in each of those months was larger. Total earnings of 109 roads for December were $41,778, 109, an increase of 8.8 per cent. over 1894, while for 1895 the total earnings of 110 roads with 100,000 miles of track were $510,972,332, a gain over 1894 of 5.2 per cent. This increase followed a decrease in gross earnings in 1894 from 1893 of 11 per cent., 1893 in turn showing a falling-off of 2.1 per cent. from 1892. The largest gains shown in 1895 by groups of roads were by the Central Westerns, 8 per cent.; grangers, 7.6 per cent., and the Pacific, 7.5 per cent. The trunk lines show a gain of 5 per cent., coal roads 6 per cent., and Southern lines 2.2 per cent. The smallest gain is reported by the Southwestern roads, 2 per cent.

The course of prices of staples continues the improvement of last week, with an upward movement in live stock, pork, and other meats, lard, flour, wheat, corn, oats, Bessemer pig and bar iron. In addition to these, firm prices are named for coal, tobacco, print cloths, steel billets, sugar, lumber, leather and hides, decreases being noted for coffee, cotton, and petroleum, in addition to the cut of $1 for Southern pig, and 25c. for Eastern iron.

There are 446 business failures in the United States this week, an exceptionally heavy total. Last week the aggregate was 403; in the week one year ago it was 405, and in the corresponding week of 1894, just after the panic, it was 484, while in the like week of 1893, five months prior to the financial disturbance that year, the total was only 301.Bradstreet's, January 11.

Problem 115.

Black-Four Pieces.

K on Q 8; Ps on Q 5 and 6, K 7.

White-Four Pieces.

K on KR sq; Q on K B 4; Kt on K sq; P on K Kt 2., White mates in three moves.

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Black gets out at Q 4. Or 2 R-Kt 8, Black has only one reply to this move, i.e., Kt-B 6. M. W. H. writes: "I do not think that I ever before saw half a dozen mates averted by one move;" and adds: "This shows that a problem may be solved without its real merits being appreciated." Prof. C. D Schmitt, University of Tennessee; A. S. Rochal, Lynchburg; and Mrs. S. H. Wright, -Tate, Ga., were successful with No. 105.

The St. Petersburg Tourney.

LASKER IN THE LEAD.

Since our last issue only five games have been played. Lasker won from Tschigorin; Steinitz won from Pillsbury and Lasker, and Tschigorin won from Pillsbury and Steinitz.

The following score shows the standing of the -players at the end. of the fourth round; two rounds-twelve games-to be played:

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(a) With all due deference to authorities, we nevertheless should never recommend this Bishop's move. In a Queen's-side opening one principle holds good for both attack and defense, namely, that the pieces, especially the QB, are wanted for operations on the Q side, on Q Kt 2.

(b) A favorite move of Tschigorin, but as the object of this move is to enable Black at some future time to play P-K4, the move is far more justified in this case, where White's B on K B 4 would make P-K 4 all the more successful.

(c) There can not be time for an inactive move of this character.

(d) Good again. Black gains further time by this move, as it places the B on Q B 4, where it can be attacked, Black thereby further developing his game.

(e) Deplorably ineffective; but if 10 Kt x Kt,

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KPx Kt with equal advantage to Black; and again, 10. B x Kt is likewise not favorable for the first player.

(f) Now the effect of White's inactive moves show themselves only too plainly.

(g) Already a crisis has been reached. By this fine move Black is bound to gain something. He threatened to win the exchange by B-K B 4.

(h) Perfectly sound, of course, as B-Kt 5 would follow, i.e., 18 R x Kt, B-Q Kt 5; 19 K-Q 2, P x P; 20 Kt x P, R-Q sq winning.

(i) With this move White begins an attack, which he carried on with fine judgment, and which might have succeeded with a little better luck.

(k) Of course, Bx RP was threatened; Black's move promised only a very precarious defense, but there really was no better move on the board. (1) At first sight 28 Q-B sq seems almost a winning move, but Black would attack the Queen by B-R 6, and if 29 Q-K 3, B-B 4, and so until White relinquishes the diagonal with his Queen, as otherwise Bx RP would be fatal.

(m) If White played 30 B x R, Black's reply would have been Qx B, but it would have been the simplest, tho Black would have remained with a very good game, owing to the fine development of his minor pieces.

(n) The play now assumes a very peculiar character. Black now wins back the exchange which White as yet has not even taken.

(0) The Russian master is at his best. The very fine White's combination entirely destroys chances.

(p) If 39 Qx B, Qx P ch; 40 K-Kt sq, Kt--Q 6, and White wins easily.

LASKER. White.

1 P-K 4

2 K Kt-B

4

FIRST ROUND-THIRD GAME.

Ruy Lopez.

STEINITZ.

Black.

P-K 4.

P-QR 3 P-Q 3 (a) B-Q 2

3 Q Kt-B 3

3 B-Kt 5

B-R 4

21

P-Q 4

22

x P

6 P-B 3 (b) Kt-B 3

7

Q Kt-Q2 B-K 2 (c)

8 Castles Castles R-K sq to Kt-Bsq (d)B-K B sq 11 Kt-Kt 3 P-K Kt 3 12 P-K R3 B-Kt 2 (e) B-Q B sq 13 B-B 2 14 P-Q 5 Kt-K 2 15 B- 3 R-B sq Kt-K sq 16-2

17

R 6

K-R sq

28

K 3 Kt x B

R-B 5

-B 5 (h) B-B 4 (i).
(B3)-Kt5Q—Q 2 (k)

xR (1) Px Q t-B 6 Kt-K 3 (m) 29 Kt x Q Kt x Kt 30 R-KK-Kt sq 31 Kt-B 6 chK-B sq 32 Rx BP Resigns 2 h. 2 h.

(a) Let it be taken for granted that we condemn

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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. PRICE.-Per year, in advance, $3.00; four months, on trial, $1.00; single copies, 10 cents.

RECEIPTS.-The yellow label pasted on the outside wrapper is a receipt for payment of subscription to and including the printed date. EXTENSION.-The extension of a subscription is shown by the printed label the second week after a remittance is received. DISCONTINUANCES.-We find that a large majority of our subscribers

prefer not to have their subscriptions interrupted and their files broken in case they fail to remit before expiration. It is therefore assumed, unless notification to discontinue is received, that the subscriber wishes no interruption in his series. Notification to discontinue at expiration can be sent in at any time during the year. PRESENTATION COPIES.-Many persons subscribe for THE LITERARY

DIGEST to be sent to friends. In such cases, if we are advised that a subscription is a present and not regularly authorized by the recipient, we will make a memorandum to discontinue at expiration, and to send no bill for the ensuing year.

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

DEMANDS FOR AN INCREASE OF NATIONAL DEFENSES.

INCREASED appropriations by Congress for the army, the

navy, and coast defenses of the United States may be expected as one result of the stir over Venezuela. Senator Chandler's bill calling for $100,000,000 to strengthen the military armament, Senator Hale's bill for six battle-ships at $4,000,000 each and 25 torpedo-boats at $175,000 each, Senator Cullom's bill for revenue cutters on the Pacific coast and the Great Lakes, Senator Squire's bill for $87,000,000 for coast armament, Senator Sherman's bills for reorganizing the army, Senator Hawley's bill for issuing Springfield rifles to the National Guard of the several States in exchange for the weapons now in use, and Representative Cummings's bill for the enrolment and further organization of the naval reserve, indicate that the question of national defenses is to occupy considerable attention at Washington this session. Senator Lodge has offered an amendment to the Fortifications bill in the Senate, proposing an issue of $100,000,000 in twenty-year coin bonds at popular subscription, in denominations ranging from $50 to $1,000, to be paid for in lawful money, the proceeds to be kept in the Treasury as a separate fund for coast defenses.

None of these bills has yet been acted upon. The most important action thus far consists of the report of the Senate committee on naval affairs favoring a bill urged by the Secretary of the Navy. This bill authorizes the enlistment of 1,000 additional men for the regular navy, this number being needed for the new ships as they are put into commission. Authority is also given any emergency to enlist the naval militia of the several States for manning vessels. The bill appropriates $380,000 to pay 1,000 regular men. The Army and Navy Journal favors the bill, as one granting the power which the Secretary of the Navy “should at all times possess.

in

It further says:

"The fourth section is the most far-reaching of the bill. It

WHOLE NUMBER, 301

enables the President and the Secretary of the Navy to make full preparations for even such an extreme project as the invasion of a foreign country, and under its provisions President Cleveland and Secretary Herbert could send out a fully equipped military expedition for the occupation of the disputed territory between Venezuela and British Guiana, or for the occupation of Turkish territory to enforce the demands which the Administration has made for indemnity for the outrages upon American citizens. An entire fleet of troop-ships could be chartered under it. It provides 'that whenever, in the judgment of the President, an exigency exists rendering such action necessary, the Secretary of the Navy is authorized to charter, for temporary service, any private vessel or vessels which may be required for the transportation of troops or for other purposes, at such rates of compensation and upon such terms and conditions as may be deemed proper for the protection of the public interest.""

The attitude of the War Department is shown by Secretary Lamont's recommendation, in two successive reports, of a reorganization of the army, with a net increase of 140 officers and 3,600 men, at a cost of $1,400,000 a year. Major-General Miles, commanding the army, emphasizes the need of strong coast defenses in his last report, and in a recent interview in the New York Sun is quoted as follows:

"There would be no necessity for the Government appropriating $100,000,000 to put the country beyond the reach of any power from the sea, but $80,000,000, or probably less, could accomplish this. By authorizing the adoption of a fortifications plan and the expenditure of about $10,000,000 each year, within seven or eight years every one of the twenty-eight cities which are placed as being within the reach of an invading fleet could be invulnerable to attack from the ocean. At only three of the eighteen ports under consideration have completed features of defense been established. New York has two 12-inch guns and sixteen mortars, San Francisco has one 12-inch gun and sixteen 12-inch mortars, and Boston has sixteen 12-inch mortars. The War Department is ready to fortify the country as soon as the necessary funds are available."

The daily press in general seems ready to approve measures looking toward increased expenditures for defensive purposes.

A Little Army and a Very Small Navy.-"The statutory force of the army was reduced many years after the Civil War from 50,000 to 30,000 men, and for a long time Congress has only appropriated for 25,000, including non-combatants. For ten years military men and public men interested in the military establishment have been trying to get the army increased to 30,000 men, and they have never succeeded, because in the conviction of Congress the army would never have anything to do. . . . The arming of the troops with a repeating rifle began only a couple of years ago, and it is doubtful whether within a year a very large force could be provided with an efficient weapon.

...

'The manu

facture of field artillery more effective than that of thirty years ago only began a short time ago, and has been proceeding leisurely; probably all the ten light batteries in service are not yet equipped with the new guns; we were so completely peaceful we did not need to hasten.

"Only a small number of these great guns [cannon for coast fortifications] have been built; there are only two factories in the country where they can be built, one for the army and the other for the navy, and just at this opportune moment men are being discharged from the gun factory at Watervliet, because the appropriation has run out, and the factory is considerably behind in its output compared with the program of the ordnance authorities. From 1880 to 1896, sixteen years, Congress has appropriated less than $27,000,000 for the forts and fortifications of our

Atlantic and Pacific and Gulf and Lake coasts, and most of our Southern ports are absolutely unprotected.

"Much that has been said about the increase of the navy is misleading. Little has been done or attempted beyond replacing the obsolete and decaying wooden vessels of the Civil War period with modern steel ships and modern steel rifles. [The present navy, including vessels authorized but not yet built, consists of 39 armored ships, 27 unarmored ships, 19 unarmored gunboats, I despatch vessel, 35 training and store-ships, and 9 torpedoboats-130 in all; the so-called new navy" consists of less than 50 vessels. Editor LITERARY DIGEST.] We have been at this work a dozen years, and we have spent about $85,000,000 in it, but modern war-ships are very costly things, and our navy is still a very small one. . . . To talk about extemporizing a navy is to prattle the artless inanity of childhood. The precedents of thirty-five years ago are worthless now. "-The Journal of Commerce (Ind.), New York.

Three Reasons for a Moderate Increase of the Army.-"The present is a favorable moment for legislation directed toward a moderate increase of the army. Such a step is not, indeed, concerned with the possible results of our dispute with England, which would call for wholly different provisions. But that dispute gives weight to certain facts that have not hitherto secured adequate attention from Congress. One of these facts, which General Miles has forcibly pointed out, is that a military establishment based on the population and resources of over twenty years ago can not be assumed to be adequate for a country growing as prodigiously as is ours. A second is that the events of the summer of 1894 in Chicago and elsewhere show that there are certain duties incumbent on the regular army in the execution of United States laws which make some increase of its strength judicious. A third is that the new system of frontier armaments, wholly the work of the last ten years, will render some increase, sooner or later, imperative."-The Times (Dem.), New York.

More Revenue Needed for Defense.-"It is true that good progress has been made in the last dozen years in building up the navy. And in the number of its modern fighting-ships the United States now ranks sixth among the naval powers, tho still decidedly weak in comparison with Great Britain. We can not stop with what has been accomplished in this direction, tho financial conditions may compel slower progress in the immediate future than has been made for some years. Doubtless everybody is now prepared to admit that the navy must be made considerably stronger than it is, not with a view to any offensive operations, but entirely with reference to defense. A dozen great battle-ships would be none too many for this country. question of providing money for this purpose will not be difficult if the Democrats in the Senate and the President will show a reasonable disposition to unite with the Republicans in legislation for raising more revenue. Of course the money for building fortifications could be borrowed, but that would not be judicious

UNAY

The

Davenport

ISN'T IT ABOUT TIME UNCLE SAM HAD SOMETHING TO FIGHT WITH?

-The Journal, New York.

policy when the Government has ample resources at command for obtaining additional revenue."-The Bee (Rep.), Omaha.

Our Sea Coasts Are Not Defenseless.-"The sea-coast cities of the United States are not well defended now, but they are not defenseless, and Portland, Boston, Long Island Sound, New York Bay, the entrance to the Delaware and Chesapeake, the harbors of Wilmington, Port Royal, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans are readily defensible. We do not need great fortifications now. As Sheridan said, a big gun, a hole in the ground, and machinery for raising and lowering the gun, are better than forts. San Francisco is well defended now, and the mouth of the Columbia and Puget Sound can easily be made difficult of entrance. The United States has never entered into the agreement against privateering. The career of the Alabama and the Shenandoah show what commerce-destroyers can do, and we could send out a hundred better equipped ships than the Alabama and find dozens of friendly ports for coaling and refitting where the Confederate cruisers found one. We could speedily drive British commerce from the seas."-The Commercial (Rep.), Louisville, Ky.

The Duty of the Hour.-"If this war-talk and war-scare, or the contemplation of the mere possibility of war, will result in the vigorous preparations of our coasts for defense and the accumulation of the necessary reserve of war material in our arsenals and gun foundries, it will have done the country a vast deal of good. But the patriots in the House and Senate will have to strike while the iron of enthusiasm is hot. We are a people easily excited, it is true, but equally quick to cool off. Jingoes to the contrary, the United States can not whip the world, under the present conditions. The duty of the hour is to put ourselves in an attitude, however, where we can successfully cope with any great emergencies which may arise and at least protect our coast cities and commerce. War will be just that much further removed, too, when we are seen to be fully prepared for it. Nations are like individuals-they will hesitate only the longer to attack a completely equipped and alert antagonist.". The Post (Dem.). Houston, Texas.

"Every additional high-power gun mounted at our seaports is an additional guaranty of peace. High-power guns cost money. Police departments and fire departments cost money. Do wise communities dispense with them on that account? Insurance costs money. Do prudent business men and property-owners go uninsured, trusting to luck? National defense is national insurance. The sense of security is worth paying for. The fact of safety is worth paying for."-The Courant (Rep.), Hartford, Conn.

"The probabilities are that some plan of coast defense on an extensive scale will be adopted, even if it be a variation on the Squire plan now before the Senate. This expectation is all the more likely to be realized now that petitions are pouring in upon Congress from cities everywhere on the coasts, praying that they may have such defenses built as will give them reasonable security against the possible assaults of hostile powers. . . . Some coast-defense scheme of large proportions can not be evaded; and the sooner its plan is agreed upon and a beginning made, the better pleased will the American people be."-The Times-Democrat (Ind. Dem.), New Orleans.

"However reluctant we may be to concede the necessity of additional taxation, there is logically no escape from it. An increase is called for not on account of any deficiency nor for any ordinary expenses, but to meet the cost of coast defenses and of naval armament in consequence of the recent and unexpected manifestation of war-spirit by our Government. We want no taxation for a surplus, no taxation for politics, but for the national defense against the possible results of future jingo folly." -The World (Dem.). New York.

"If the people of this country really desire peace, they can have it by so fortifying our borders and strengthening our navy that foreign nations, on mischief bent, will respect our utterances. No one need fear that we shall be caught playing bandit, after the manner of England, everywhere.

The Oregonian, Portland.

THERE is a growing disposition to make that Monroe doctrine as progressive as the new woman.-The North American, Philadelphia.

THIS world may be getting old, but it is just as lively now as it ever was. -The American, Baltimore.