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Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the President may, from time to time, when he deems it in the interest of national defense, authorize the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, or the head of any other department or agency of the Government

(1) To manufacture in arsenals, factories, and shipyards under their jurisdiction, or otherwise procure, to the extent to which funds are made available therefor, or contracts are authorized from time to time by the Congress, or both, any defense article for the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.

(2) To sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government any defense article, but no defense article not manufactured or procured under paragraph (1) shall in any way be disposed of under this paragraph, except after consultation with the Chief of Staff of the Army or the Chief of Naval Operations of the Navy, or both. The value of defense articles disposed of in any way under authority of this paragraph, and procured from funds heretofore appropriated, shall not exceed $1,300,000,000. The value of such defense articles shall be determined by the head of the department or agency concerned or such other department, agency or officer as shall be designated in the manner provided in the rules and regulations issued hereunder. Defense articles procured from funds hereafter appropriated to any department or agency of the Government, other than from funds authorized to be appropriated under sections 411-419 of this title, shall not be disposed of in any way under authority of this paragraph except to the extent hereafter authorized by the Congress in the Acts appropriating such funds or otherwise.

(3) To test, inspect, prove, repair, outfit, recondition, or otherwise to place in good working order, to the extent to which funds are made available therefor, or contracts are authorized from time to time by the Congress, or both, any defense article for any such government, or to procure any or all such services by private contract.

(4) To communicate to any such government any defense information, pertaining to any defense article furnished to such government under paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(5) To release for export any defense article disposed of in any way under this subsection to any such government.

(b) The terms and conditions upon which any such foreign government receives any aid authorized under subsection (a) shall be those which the President deems satisfactory, and the benefit to the United States may be payment or repayment in kind or property, or any other direct or indirect benefit which the President deems satisfactory: Provided, however, That nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize the President to assume or incur any obligations on the part of the United States with respect to post-war economic policy, post-war military policy or any post-war policy involving international relations except in accordance with established constitutional procedure.

(c) After June 30, 1945, or after the passage of a concurrent resolution by the two Houses before June 30, 1945, which declares that the powers conferred by or pursuant to subsection (a) are no longer necessary to promote the defense of the United States, neither the President nor the head of any department or agency shall exercise any of the powers conferred by or pursuant to subsection (a); except that until July 1, 1948, any of such powers may be exercised to the extent necessary to carry out a contract or agreement with such a foreign government made before July 1, 1945, or before the passage of such concurrent resolution, whichever is the earlier.

(d) Nothing in sections 411-419 of this title shall be construed to authorize or to permit the authorization of conveying vessels by naval vessels of the United States.

(e) Nothing in sections 411-419 of this title shall be construed to authorize or to permit the authorization of the entry of any American vessel into a combat area in violation of section 443 of this title. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 3, 55 Stat. 31, as amended Mar. 11, 1943, ch. 15, 57 Stat. 20; May 17, 1944, ch. 198, §§ 1, 2, 58 Stat. 222, 223.)

§ 413. Same; contract restrictions against disposal of transferred articles by transferee governments.-All contracts or agreements made for the disposition of any defense article or defense information pursuant to section 412 shall contain a clause by which the foreign government undertakes that it will not, without the consent of the President, transfer title to or possession of such defense article or defense information by gift, sale, or otherwise, or permit its use by anyone not an officer, employee, or agent of such foreign government. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 4, 55 Stat. 32.)

§ 414. Same; information regarding articles exported; reports to Congress. (a) The Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, or the head of any other department or agency of the Government involved shall, when any such defense article or defense information is exported, immediately inform the department or agency designated by the President to administer section 99 of Title 50, of the quantities, character, value, terms of disposition, and destination of the article and information so exported.

(b) The President from time to time, but not less frequently than once every ninety days, shall transmit to the Congress a report of operations under sections 411-419 of this title except such information as he deems incompatible with the public interest to disclose. Reports provided for under this subsection shall be transmitted to the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives, as the case may be, if the Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, is not in session. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 5, 55 Stat. 32.)

§ 415. Same; appropriations; disposition of repayments.—(a) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated from time to time, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes of sections 411-419 of this title.

(b) All money and all property which is converted into money received under section 412 from any government shall, with the approval of the Director of the Budget, revert to the respective appropriation or appropriations out of which funds were expended with respect to the defense article or defense information for which such consideration is received, and shall be available for expenditure for the purpose for which such expended funds were appropriated by law, during the fiscal year in which such funds are received and the ensuing fiscal year; but in no event shall any funds so received be available for expenditure after June 30, 1948. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 6, 55 Stat. 33, as amended Mar. 11, 1943, ch. 15, 57 Stat. 20; May 17, 1944, ch. 198, § 1, 58 Stat. 222.)

§ 416. Same; protection of patent rights.-The Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the head of the department or agency shall in all contracts or agreements for the disposition of any defense article or defense information fully protect the rights of all citizens of the United States who have patent rights in and to any such article or information which is hereby authorized to be disposed of and the payments collected for royalties on such patents shall be paid to the owners and holders of such patents. (Mar. 1, 1941, ch. 11, § 7, 55 Stat. 33.)

§ 417. Same; acquisition of war materials from foreign governments. The Secretaries of War and of the Navy are hereby authorized to purchase or otherwise acquire arms, ammunition, and implements of war produced within the jurisdiction of any country to which section 412 is applicable, whenever the President deems such purchase or acquisition to be necessary in the interests of the defense of the United States. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 8, 55 Stat. 33.)

§ 418. Same; rules and regulations; delegation of powers.-The President may, from time to time, promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the provisions of sections 411-419 of this title; and he may exercise any power or authority conferred on him by sections 411-419 of this title through such department, agency, or officer as he shall direct. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 9, 55 Stat. 33.)

§ 419. Same; effect on existing laws relating to use of land and naval forces.-Nothing in sections 411-419 of this title shall be construed to change existing law relating to the use of the land and naval forces of the United States, except insofar as such use relates to the manufacture, procurement, and repair of defense articles, the communication of information and other noncombatant purposes enumerated in sections 411-419 of this title. (Mar. 11, 1941, ch. 11, § 10, 55 Stat. 33.)

§ 421. Contracts by Government agencies for defense articles, services, etc., for foreign governments in interests of United States. The President may, from time to time, when he deems it in the interest of national defense, authorize the head of any department or agency of the Government, to enter into contracts for the procurement of defense articles, information, or services for the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States, to the extent that

such government agrees to pay the United States for such defense articles, information, or services prior to the receipt thereof and to make such payments from time to time as the President may require to protect the interests of the United States; and, upon payment of the full cost, the President may dispose of such articles, information, or services to such government: Provided, That the total amount of the outstanding contracts under this section, less the amounts which have been paid to the United States under such contracts, shall at no time exceed $600,000,000. (Oct. 28, 1941, ch. 460, title I, § 102, 55 Stat. 746.)

§ 422. Same; retention for United States defense articles procured for foreign governments. Any defense article procured pursuant to section 421 of this title shall be retained by or transferred to and for the use of such department or agency of the United States as the President may determine, in lieu of being disposed of to a foreign government, whenever in the judgment of the President the defense of the United States will be best served thereby. (Oct. 28, 1941, ch. 460, title I, § 103, 55 Stat. 747.)

§ 423. Retention for defense of United States of certain articles, information or service procured for foreign governments.-Any defense article, information, or service procured from funds appropriated by Act June 14, 1943, ch. 122, 57 Stat. 151, or prior Acts appropriating funds to the President for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of sections 411-419 of this title, shall be retained by or transferred to and for the use of such department or agency of the United States as the President may determine, in lieu of being disposed of to a foreign government, whenever in the judgment of the President the defense of the United States will be best served therby: Provided further, That none of the funds appropriated in said Act June 14, 1943, shall be used for the payment of any subsidy on agricultural products produced in the continental United States. (June 14, 1943, ch. 122, § 2, 57, Stat. 152.)

HEMISPHERAL RELATIONS

§ 501. Utilization of services of Government agencies to promote inter-American relations.-In order to render closer and more effective the relationship between the American republics the President of the United States is hereby authorized, subject to such appropriations as are made available for the purpose, to utilize the services of the departments, agencies, and independent establishments of the Government in carrying out the reciprocal undertakings and cooperative purposes enunciated in the treaties, resolutions, declarations, and recommendations signed by all of the twenty-one American republics at the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace held at Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1936, and at the Eighth International Conference of American States held at Lima, Peru, in 1938. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 616, § 1, 53 Stat. 1290.)

§ 502. Same; creation of advisory committees.-The President is authorized to create such advisory committees as in his judg

ment may be of assistance in carrying out the undertakings of this Government under the treaties, resolutions, declarations, and recommendations referred to, but no committee or member thereof shall be allowed any salary or other compensation for services: Provided, however, That they may, within the limits of appropriations made available therefor by the Congress, which appropriations are hereby authorized, be paid their actual transportation expenses and not to exceed $10 per diem in lieu of subsistence and other expenses while away from their homes in attendance upon meetings within the United States under instructions from the Secretary of State. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 616, § 2, 53 Stat. 1290.)

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