§ 78. Transportation of carcasses, meat, or meat food products not properly inspected and marked.-No person, firm, or corporation shall transport or offer for transportation, and no carrier of interstate or foreign commerce shall transport or receive for transportation from one State or Territory or the District of Columbia to any other State or Territory or the District of Columbia, or to any place under the jurisdiction of the United States, or to any foreign country, any carcasses or parts thereof, meat, or meat food products thereof which have not been inspected, examined, and marked as "Inspected and passed", in accordance with the terms of sections 71-93 of this title, and with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1262.)

§ 79. Forgery, alteration or unauthorized use of marks, labels, or other identification devices or certificates.-No person, firm, or corporation, or officer, agent, or employee thereof, shall forge, counterfeit, simulate, or falsely represent, or shall without proper authority use, fail to use, or detach, or shall knowingly or wrongfully alter, deface, or destroy, or fail to deface or destroy, any of the marks, stamps, tags, labels, or other identification devices provided for in sections 71-93 of this title, or in and as directed by the rules and regulations prescribed hereunder by the Secretary of Agriculture, on any carcasses, parts of carcasses, or the food product, or containers thereof, subject to the provisions of such sections or any certificate in relation thereto, authorized or required by such sections or by the said rules and regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 80. Inspection of animals for export.-The Secretary of Agriculture shall cause to be made a careful inspection of all cattle, sheep, swine, and goats intended and offered for export to foreign countries at such times and places, and in such manner as he may deem proper, to ascertain whether such cattle, sheep, swine, and goats are free from disease. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 81. Inspectors of animals for export; certificates of condition. For the purpose of section 80 of this title he may appoint inspectors who shall be authorized to give an official-certificate clearly stating the condition in which such cattle, sheep, swine, and goats are found. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 82. No clearance to vessel carrying cattle for export without inspector's certificate.-No clearance shall be given to any vessel having on board cattle, sheep, swine, or goats for export to a foreign country until the owner or shipper of such cattle, sheep, swine, or goats has a certificate from the inspector authorized to be appointed, stating that the said cattle, sheep, swine, or goats are sound and healthy, or unless the Secretary of Agriculture shall have waived the requirement of such certificate for export to the particular country to which such cattle, sheep, swine, or goats are to be exported. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 83. Inspection of carcasses, meat of which is intended for export. The Secretary of Agriculture shall also cause to be

made a careful inspection of the carcasses and parts thereof of all cattle, sheep, swine, and goats, the meat of which, fresh, salted, canned, corned, packed, cured, or otherwise prepared, is intended and offered for export to any foreign country, at such times and places and in such manner as he may deem proper. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 84. Inspectors of carcasses, and so forth, meat of which is intended for export; certificates of condition. For the purpose of section 83 of this title he may appoint inspectors who shall be authorized to give an official certificate stating the condition in which said cattle, sheep, swine, or goats, and the meat thereof, are found. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 85. No clearance to vessel carrying meat for export without inspector's certificate.-No clearance shall be given to any vessel having on board any fresh, salted, canned, corned, or packed beef, mutton, pork, or goat meat, being the meat of animals killed except as hereinbefore provided for export to and sale in a foreign country from any port in the United States, until the owner or shipper thereof shall obtain from an inspector appointed under the provisions of sections 71-93 of this title a certificate that the said cattle, sheep, swine, and goats were sound and healthy at the time of inspection, and that their meat is sound and wholesome, unless the Secretary of Agriculture shall have waived the requirements of such certificate for the country to which said cattle, sheep, swine, and goats or meats are to be exported. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 86. Delivery or inspectors' certificates, and of copies.-The inspectors provided for under sections 71-93 of this title shall be authorized to give official certificates of the sound and wholesome condition of the cattle, sheep, swine, and goats, their carcasses and products as described in said sections; and one copy of every certificate granted under the provisions of said sections shall be filed in the Department of Agriculture, another copy shall be delivered to the owner or shipper, and when the cattle, sheep, swine, and goats, or their carcasses and products are sent abroad, a third copy shall be delivered to the chief officer of the vessel on which the shipment shall be made. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1263.)

§ 87. Transportation or sale of meat or meat food products without complying with provisions of inspection law.-No person, firm, or corporation engaged in the interstate commerce of meat or meat food products shall transport or offer for transportation, sell or offer to sell, any such meat or meat food products in any State or Territory or in the District of Columbia or any place under the jurisdiction of the United States, other than in the State or Territory or in the District of Columbia or any place under the jurisdiction of the United States in which the slaughtering, packing, canning, rendering, or other similar establishment owned, leased, or operated by said firm, person, or corporation is located unless and until said person, firm, or corporation shall have complied with all of the provisions of sections 71-93 of this title. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1264.)

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§ 88. Offenses; penalty.-Any person, firm, or corporation, or any officer or agent of any such person, firm, or corporation, who shall violate any of the provisions of sections 71-93 of this title shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished on conviction thereof by a fine of not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment for a period of not more than two years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1264.)

§ 89. Inspectors to make examinations provided for; appointment; duties; regulations.-The Secretary of Agriculture shall appoint from time to time inspectors to make examination and inspection of all cattle, sheep, swine, and goats, the inspection of which is provided for under the provisions of sections 71-93 of this title, and of all carcasses and parts thereof, and of all meats and meat food products thereof, and of the sanitary conditions of all establishments in which such meat and meat food products hereinbefore described are prepared; and said inspectors shall refuse to stamp, mark, tag, or label any carcass or any part thereof, or meat food product therefrom, prepared in any establishment hereinbefore mentioned, until the same shall have actually been inspected and found to be sound, healthful, wholesome, and fit for human food, and to contain no dyes, chemicals, preservatives, or ingredients which render such meat food product unsound, unhealthful, unwholesome, or unfit for human food; and to have been prepared under proper sanitary conditions, hereinbefore provided for; and shall perform such other duties as are provided by said sections and by the rules and regulations to be prescribed by said Secretary of Agriculture; and said Secretary of Agriculture shall, from time to time, make such rules and regulations as are necessary for the efficient execution of the provisions of said sections, and all inspections and examinations made under said sections shall be such and made in such manner as described in the rules and regulations prescribed by said Secretary of Agriculture not inconsistent with provisions thereof. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1264.)

§ 90. Bribery of or gifts to inspectors or other officers and acceptance of gifts.-Any person, firm, or corporation, or any agent or employee of any person, firm, or corporation, who shall give, pay, or offer, directly or indirectly, to any inspector, deputy inspector, chief inspector, or any other officer or employee of the United States authorized to perform any of the duties prescribed by sections 71-93 of this title or by the rules and regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture any money or other thing of value, with intent to influence said inspector, deputy inspector, chief inspector, or other officer or employee of the United States in the discharge of any duty provided for in said sections, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not less than $5,000 nor more than $10,000 and by imprisonment not less than one year nor more than three years; and any inspector, deputy inspector, chief inspector, or other officer or employee of the United States authorized to perform any of the duties prescribed by said sections who shall accept any money, gift, or other thing of value

from any person, firm, or corporation, or officers, agents, or employees thereof, given with intent to influence his official action, or who shall receive or accept from any person, firm, or corporation engaged in interstate or foreign commerce any gift, money, or other thing of value, given with any purpose or intent whatsoever, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and shall, upon conviction thereof, be summarily discharged from office and shall be punished by a fine not less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 and by imprisonment not less than one year nor more than three years. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1264.)

§ 91. Inspection requirements as applicable to farmers or retailers; definitions; sale of meat and meat food products unfit for food; penalty. Within the meaning of sections 71-96 of this title

(a) A "farmer" means any person or partnership chiefly engaged in producing agricultural products on whose farm the number of cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, swine, or goats is in keeping with the size of the farm or with the volume or character of the agricultural products produced thereon, but does not mean any person or partnership engaged in producing agricultural products who

(1) actively engages in buying or trading in cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, swine, or goats; or

(2) actively engages, directly or indirectly, in conducting a business which includes the slaughter of cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, swine, or goats for food purposes; or

(3) actively engages, directly or indirectly, in buying or selling meat or meat food products other than those prepared by any farmer on the farm; or

(4) actively engages, directly or indirectly, in salting, curing, or canning meat, or in preparing sausage, lard, or other meat food products; or

(5) slaughters, or permits any person to slaughter, on his or their farm cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, swine, or goats which are not actually owned by him or them.

(b) A "retail butcher" means any person, partnership, association, or corporation chiefly engaged in selling meat or meat food products to consumers only, except that the Secretary of Agriculture, at his discretion, may permit any retail butcher to transport in interstate or foreign commerce to consumers and meat retailers in any one week not more than five carcasses of cattle, twenty-five carcasses of calves, twenty carcasses of sheep, twenty-five carcasses of lambs, ten carcasses of swine, twenty carcasses of goats, or twenty-five carcasses of goat kids, or the equivalent of fresh meat therefrom, and to transport in interstate or foreign commerce to consumers only meat and meat food products which have been salted, cured, canned, or prepared as sausage, lard, or other meat food products, and which have not been inspected, examined, and marked as "Inspected and Passed" in accordance with the terms of sections 71-93 of this title, and Acts supplemental thereto, and with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.

(c) A "retail dealer" means any person, partnership, association, or corporation chiefly engaged in selling meat or meat food

products to consumers only except that the Secretary of Agriculture, at his discretion, may permit any retail dealer to transport in interstate trade or foreign commerce to consumers and meat retailers in any one week not more than five carcasses of cattle, twenty-five carcasses of calves, twenty carcasses of sheep, twenty-five carcasses of lambs, ten carcasses of swine, twenty carcasses of goats, or twenty-five carcasses of goat kids, or the equivalent of fresh meat therefrom, and to transport in interstate or foreign commerce to consumers only meat and meat products which has been salted, cured, canned, or prepared as sausage, lard, or other meat food products which have not been inspected, examined, and marked as "Inspected and Passed" in accordance with the terms of sections 71-93 of this title, and Acts supplemental thereto, and with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.

The provisions of sections 71-93 of this title, requiring inspection to be made by the Secretary of Agriculture shall not apply to animals slaughtered by any farmer on the farm and sold and transported in interstate or foreign commerce, nor to retail butchers and retail dealers in meat and meat food products, supplying their customers: Provided, That all meat and meat. food products derived from animals slaughtered by any farmer on the farm which are salted, cured, canned, or prepared into sausage, lard, or other meat food products at any place other than by the farmer on the farm upon which the animals were slaughtered shall not be transported in interstate or foreign commerce under the farmers' exemption herein provided, and all fresh meat and all farm-cured or prepared meat and meat food products derived from animals slaughtered by any farmer on the farm which are to be used in interstate or foreign commerce shall be clearly marked with the name and address of the farmer on whose farm the animals were slaughtered: Provided further, That if any person shall sell or offer for sale or transportation for interstate or foreign commerce any meat or meat food products which are diseased, unsound, unhealthful, unwholesome, or otherwise unfit for human food, knowing that such meat food products are intended for human consumption, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $1,000 or by imprisonment for a period of not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment: And provided further, The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to maintain the inspection in sections 71-93 of this title provided for at any slaughtering, meat canning, salting, packing, rendering, or similar establishment notwithstanding this exception, and that the persons operating the same may be retail butchers and retail dealers or farmers; and where the Secretary of Agriculture shall establish such inspection then the provisions of said sections shall apply notwithstanding this exception. (Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1265; June 29, 1938, ch. 810, 52 Stat. 1235.)

§ 94. Inspection extended to reindeer. The provisions of sections 71-93 of this title may be extended to the inspection of reindeer. (June 30, 1914, ch. 131, 38 Stat. 420.)