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United States, or in any public office, or with any judicial or public officer of the United States, shall be fined not more than $2,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 128, 35 Stat. 1111.)

DERIVATION

R. S. § 5403, which was revised from act Feb. 26, 1853, ch. 81, 10 Stat. 170 and repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153.

§ 235. (Criminal Code, section 129.) Destroying records by officer in charge.-Whoever, having the custody of any record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or other thing specified in section 234 of this title, shall willfully and unlawfully conceal, remove, mutilate, obliterate, falsify, or destroy any such record, proceeding, map, book, document, paper, or thing, shall be fined not more than $2,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both; and shall moreover forfeit his office and be forever afterward disqualified from holding any office under the Government of the United States. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 129, 35 Stat. 1112.)

DERIVATION

R. S. § 5408, which was revised from act Feb. 26, 1853, ch. 81, 10 Stat. 170 and repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153.

§ 237. (Criminal Code, section 131.) Bribery of judicial officer. Whoever, directly or indirectly, shall give or offer, or cause to be given or offered, any money, property, or value of any kind, or any promise or agreement therefor, or any other bribe to any judge, judicial officer, or other person authorized by any law of the United States to hear or determine any question, matter, cause, proceeding, or controversy, with intent to influence his action, vote, opinion, or decision thereon, or because of any such action, vote, opinion, or decision, shall be fined not more than $20,000, or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both; and shall forever be disqualified to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 131, 35 Stat. 1112.)

DERIVATION

R. S. § 5449, which was revised from act Apr. 30, 1790, ch. 9, 1 Stat. 117 and repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153.

§ 239. (Criminal Code, section 133.) Same; juror or referee.Whoever, being a juror, referee, arbitrator, appraiser, assessor, auditor, master, receiver, United States commissioner, or other person authorized by any law of the United States to hear or determine any question, matter, cause, controversy, or proceeding, shall ask, receive, or agree to receive, any money, property, or value of any kind, or any promise or agreement therefor, upon any agreement or understanding that his vote, opinion, action, judgment, or decision shall be influenced thereby, or because of any such vote, opinion, action, judgment, or decision, shall be fined not more than $2,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, 133, 35 Stat. 1112.)

§ 240. (Criminal Code, section 134.) Same; witness.-Whoever, being, or about to be, a witness upon a trial, hearing, or

other proceeding, before any court or any officer authorized by the laws of the United States to hear evidence or take testimony, shall receive, or agree or offer to receive, a bribe, upon any agreement or understanding that his testimony shall be influenced thereby, or that he will absent himself from the trial, hearing, or other proceeding, or because of such testimony, or such absence, shall be fined not more than $2,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 134, 35 Stat. 1113.)

§ 241a. (Criminal Code, section 135a.) Protection of witnesses appearing before agencies of United States.-Whoever corruptly, or by threats or force, or by any threatening letter or communication, shall endeavor to influence, intimidate, or impede any witness in any proceeding pending before any department, independent establishment, board, commission, or other agency of the United States, or in connection with any inquiry or investigation being had by either House, or any committee of either House, or any joint committee of the Congress of the United States, or who corruptly or by threats or force, or by any threatening letter or communication shall influence, obstruct, or impede, or endeavor to influence, obstruct, or impede the due and proper administration of the law under which such proceeding is being had before such department, independent establishment, board, commission, or other agency of the United States, or the due and proper exercise of the power of inquiry under which such inquiry or investigation is being had by either House, or any committee of either House or any joint committee of the Congress of the United States shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 135a, as added Jan. 13, 1940, ch. 1, 54 Stat. 13.)

§ 251. (Criminal Code, section 146.) Misprision of felony.— Whoever, having knowledge of the actual commission of the crime of murder or other felony cognizable by the courts of the United States, conceals and does not as soon as may be disclose and make known the same to some one of the judges or other persons in civil or military authority under the United States, shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 146, 35 Stat. 1114.)

DERIVATION

R. S. § 5390, which was revised from act Apr. 30, 1790, ch. 9, 1 Stat. 113 and repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153.

§ 253. Killing Federal officer; penalty.-Whoever shall kill, as defined in sections 452 and 453 of this title, any United States marshal or deputy United States marshal or person employed to assist a United States marshal or deputy United States marshal, any officer or employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice, post-office inspector, Secret Service operative, any officer or enlisted man of the Coast Guard, any employee of any United States penal or correctional institution, any officer, employee, agent, or other person in the service of the customs or of the internal revenue, any immigrant inspector or

any immigration patrol inspector, any officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture or of the Department of the Interior designated by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior to enforce any Act of Congress for the protection, preservation, or restoration of game and other wild birds and animals, any officer or employee of the National Park Service, any officer or employee of, or assigned to duty in, the field service of the Division of Grazing of the Department of the Interior, or any officer or employee of the Indian field service of the United States, while engaged in the performance of his official duties, or on account of the performance of his official duties, shall be punished as provided under section 454 of this title. (May 18, 1934, ch. 299, § 1, 48 Stat. 780; Feb. 8, 1936, ch. 40, 49 Stat. 1105; June 26, 1936, ch. 830, title I, § 3, 49 Stat. 1940; Reorg. Plan No. II, § 4 (f), eff. July 1, 1939, 4 Fed. Reg. 2731, 53 Stat. 1433; June 13, 1940, ch. 359, 54 Stat. 391.)

AMENDMENT

Act June 13, 1940, cited to text, expanded section to include persons employed to assist a United States marshal or deputy marshal and officers and employees of Department of Interior designated by the Secretary of Interior to enforce any act of Congress for conservation of wildlife.

§ 254. Resisting, interfering with, or assaulting Federal officer; penalty. Whoever shall forcibly resist, oppose, impede, intimidate, or interfere with any person designated in section 253 of this title while engaged in the performance of his official duties, or shall assault him on account of the performance of his official duties, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both; and whoever, in the commission of any of the acts described in this section, shall use a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (May 18, 1934, ch. 299, § 2, 48 Stat. 781.)

OFFENSES AGAINST POSTAL SERVICE

§ 320. (Criminal Code, section 197.) Assaulting mail or money custodian; robbery; wounding custodian.-Whoever shall assault any person having lawful charge, control, or custody of any mail matter or of any money or other property of the United States, with intent to rob, steal, or purloin such mail matter, money, or other property of the United States, or any part thereof, or shall rob any such person of such mail matter, or of any money, or other property of the United States, or any part thereof, shall, for the first offense, be imprisoned not more than ten years; and if in effecting or attempting to effect such robbery he shall wound the person having custody of such mail, money, or other property of the United States, or put his life in jeopardy by the use of a dangerous weapon, or for a subsequent offense, shall be imprisoned twenty-five years. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 197, 35 Stat. 1126; Aug. 26, 1935, ch. 694, 49 Stat. 867.)

DERIVATION

R. S. §§ 5472, 5473, which were revised from act June 8, 1872, ch. 335, 17 Stat. 320, and repealed by act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 341, 35 Stat. 1153.

§ 357. (Criminal Code, section 227.) Fraudulent use of official envelopes.—Whoever shall make use of any official envelope, label, or indorsement authorized by law, to avoid the payment of postage or registry fee on his private letter, packet, package, or other matter in the mail, shall be fined not more than $300. (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 227, 35 Stat. 1134.)

DERIVATION

Acts Mar. 3, 1877, ch. 103, § 5, 19 Stat. 335; Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 180, § 29, 20 Stat. 362, as amended by acts July 5, 1884, ch. 234, § 3, 23 Stat. 158; July 2, 1886, ch. 611, 24 Stat. 122.

OFFENSES AGAINST FOREIGN AND INTERSTATE COMMERCE

§ 396a. Transportation or importation of convict-made goods; prohibition; penalty; exceptions.-Whoever shall knowingly transport or knowingly cause to be transported in interstate commerce, in any manner or by any means whatsoever, or aid or assist, knowingly, in obtaining transportation for or in transporting any goods, wares, and merchandise manufactured, produced, or mined, wholly or in part by convicts or prisoners (except convicts or prisoners on parole or probation) or in any penal or reformatory institution, from one State, Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United States, or place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction thereof, or from any foreign country, into any State, Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United States, or place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment of not more than one year, or both: Provided, That nothing herein shall apply to commodities manufactured in Federal or District of Columbia penal and correctional institutions for use by the Federal Government or the District of Columbia Government or to commodities manufactured in any State penal or correctional institution for use by any other State, or States, or political subdivisions thereof; to parts for the repair of farm machinery; or to agricultural commodities: Provided further, That this section shall go into effect one year after its approval by the President. (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 872, 54 Stat. 1134; July 9, 1941, ch. 283, 55 Stat. 581.)

§ 396b. Transportation or importation of convict-made goods with intent to use in violation of local law; prohibition; exceptions. It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to transport or cause to be transported, in any manner or by any means whatsoever, or aid or assist in obtaining transportation for or in transporting any goods, wares, and merchandise manufactured, produced, or mined wholly or in part by convicts or prisoners (except convicts or prisoners on parole or probation), or in any penal or reformatory institution, from one State, Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United States, or place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction thereof, or from any foreign country, into any State, Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United States, or place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction thereof, where said

goods, wares, and merchandise are intended by any person interested therein to be received, possessed, sold, or in any manner used, either in the original package or otherwise in violation of any law of such State, Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United States, or place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction thereof. Nothing herein shall apply to commodities manufactured in Federal penal and correctional institutions for use by the Federal Government. (July 24, 1935, ch. 412, § 1, 49 Stat. 494.)

§ 396c. Same; marking packages.-All packages containing any goods, wares, and merchandise manufactured, produced, or mined wholly or in part by convicts or prisoners, except convicts or prisoners on parole or probation, or in any penal or reformatory institution, when shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce shall be plainly and clearly marked, so that the name and address of the shipper, the name and address of the consignee, the nature of the contents, and the name and location of the penal or reformatory institution where produced wholly or in part may be readily ascertained on an inspection of the outside of such package. (July 24, 1935, ch. 412, § 2, 49 Stat. 494.)

§ 396d. Same; penalties for violation.-Any person violating any provision of sections 61 and 62 of this title shall for each offense, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000, and such goods, wares, and merchandise shall be forfeited to the United States, and may be seized and condemned by like proceedings as those provided by law for the seizure and forfeiture of property imported into the United States contrary to law. (July 24, 1935, ch. 412, § 3, 49 Stat. 495.)

§ 396e. Same; jurisdiction of violations.-Any violation of sections 61 and 62 of this title shall be prosecuted in any court having jurisdiction of crime within the district in which said violation was committed, or from, or into which any such goods, wares, or merchandise may have been carried or transported, or in any Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or the District of Columbia, contrary to the provisions of said sections. (July 24, 1935, ch. 412, § 4, 49 Stat. 495.)

OFFENSES WITHIN ADMIRALTY, MARITIME AND TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION OF UNITED STATES

§ 468. (Criminal Code, section 289.) Laws of States adopted for punishing wrongful acts; effect of repeal.-Whoever, within the territorial limits of any State, organized Territory, or district, but within or upon any of the places now existing or hereafter reserved or acquired, described in section 451 of this title, shall do or omit the doing of any act or thing which is not made penal- by any laws of Congress, but which if committed or omitted within the jurisdiction of the State, Territory, or district in which such place is situated, by the laws thereof in force on February 1, 1940, and remaining in force at the time of the doing or omitting the doing of such act or thing, would be penal, shall be deemed guilty of a like offense and be subject to a like punish

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