habitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; - The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; -The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the VicePresident, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

ARTICLE XIII.1

SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

1 The Thirteenth Amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then thirty-six States, by a resolution of Congress passed Feb. 1, 1865, and was ratified, according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated Dec. 18, 1865, by the legislatures of the following states: Illinois, Feb. 1, 1865; Rhode Island, Feb. 2, 1865; Michigan, Feb. 2, 1865; Maryland, Feb. 3, 1865; New York, Feb. 3, 1865; West Virginia, Feb. 3, 1865; Maine, Feb. 7, 1865; Kansas, Feb. 7, 1865; Massachusetts, Feb. 8, 1865; Pennsylvania, Feb. 8, 1865; Virginia, Feb. 9, 1865; Ohio, Feb. 10, 1865; Missouri, Feb. 10, 1865; Indiana, Feb. 16, 1865; Nevada, Feb. 16, 1865; Louisiana, Feb. 17, 1865; Minnesota, Feb. 23, 1865; Wisconsin, Mar. 1, 1865; Vermont, Mar. 9, 1865; Tennessee, Apr. 7, 1865; Arkansas, Apr. 20, 1865; Connecticut, May 5, 1865; New Hampshire, July 1, 1865; South Carolina, Nov. 13, 1865; Alabama, Dec. 2, 1865; North Carolina, Dec. 4, 1865; Georgia, Dec. 9, 1865.

The following States not enumerated in the proclamation of the Secretary of State also ratified this amendment: Oregon, Dec. 11, 1865; California, Dec. 20, 1865; Florida, Dec. 28, 1865; New Jersey, Jan. 23, 1866; Iowa, Jan. 24, 1866; Texas, Feb. 18, 1870.

ARTICLE XIV.1

SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

SECTION 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

SECTION 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States,

1 The Fourteenth Amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by Congress, June 16, 1866. On July 21, 1868, Congress adopted and transmitted to the Department of State a concurrent resolution declaring that "the legislatures of the States of Connecticut, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, South Carolina, and Louisiana, being three-fourths and more of the several States of the Union, have ratified the fourteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States, duly proposed by two-thirds of each House of the Thirty-ninth Congress: Therefore Resolved, That said fourteenth article is hereby declared to be a part of the Constitution of the United States, and it shall be duly promulgated as such by the Secretary of State." The Secretary of State accordingly issued a proclamation, dated July 28, 1868, declaring that the proposed fourteenth amendment had been ratified, in the manner hereafter mentioned, by the legislatures of thirty of the thirty-six States, viz: Connecticut, June 30, 1866; New Hampshire, July 7, 1866; Tennessee, July 19, 1866; New Jersey, Sept. 11, 1866 (and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution in April, 1868, to withdraw its consent to it); Oregon, Sept. 19, 1866; Vermont, Nov. 9, 1866; Georgia rejected it Nov. 13, 1866, and ratified it July 21, 1868; North Carolina rejected it Dec. 4, 1866, and ratified it July 4, 1868; South Carolina rejected it Dec, 20, 1866, and ratified it July 9, 1868; New York ratified it Jan. 10, 1867; Ohio ratified it Jan. 11, 1867 (and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution in Jan. 1868, to withdraw its consent to it); Illinois ratified it Jan. 15, 1867; West Virginia, Jan. 16, 1867; Kansas, Jan. 18, 1867; Maine, Jan. 19, 1867; Nevada, Jan. 22, 1867; Missouri, Jan. 26, 1867; Indiana, Jan. 20, 1867; Minnesota, Feb. 1, 1867; Rhode Island, Feb. 7, 1867; Wisconsin, Feb. 13, 1867; Pennsylvania, Feb. 13, 1867; Michigan, Feb. 15, 1867; Massachusetts, Mar. 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; Iowa, Apr. 3, 1868; Arkansas, Apr. 6, 1868; Florida, June 9, 1868; Louisiana, July 9, 1868; and Alabama, July 13, 1868. Georgia again ratified the amendment Feb. 2, 1870. Texas rejected it Nov. 1, 1866, and ratified it Feb. 18, 1870. Virginia rejected it Jan. 19, 1867, and ratified it Oct. 8, 1869. The amendment was rejected by Kentucky, Jan. 10, 1867; by Delaware, Feb. 8, 1867; by Maryland, Mar. 23, 1867; and was not afterwards ratified by either State.

shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of

two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

SECTION 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

SECTION 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.1

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ·

ARTICLE XVI.2

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

1 The Fifteenth Amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by Congress Feb. 27, 1869, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated Mar. 30, 1870, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-nine of the thirty-seven States. The dates of these ratifications (arranged in the order of their reception at the Department of State) were: North Carolina, Mar. 5, 1869; West Virginia, Mar. 3, 1869; Massachusetts, March 9-12, 1869; Wisconsin, March 9, 1869; Maine, Mar. 12, 1869; Louisiana, Mar. 5, 1869; Michigan, Mar. 8, 1869; South Carolina, Mar. 16, 1869; Pennsylvania, Mar. 26, 1869; Arkansas, Mar. 30, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June 15, 1869; Illinois, Mar. 5, 1869; Indiana, May 13-14, 1869; New York, Mar. 17-Apr. 14, 1869 (and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution Jan. 5, 1870, to withdraw its consent to it); New Hampshire, July 7, 1869; Nevada, Mar. 1, 1869; Vermont, Oct. 21, 1869; Virginia, Oct. 8, 1869; Missouri, Jan. 10, 1870; Mississippi, Jan. 15-17, 1870; Ohio, Jan. 27, 1870; Iowa, Feb. 3, 1870; Kansas, Jan. 18-19, 1870; Minnesota, Feb. 19, 1870; Rhode Island, Jan. 18, 1870; Nebraska, Feb. 17, 1870; Texas, Feb. 18, 1870.

Georgia also ratified the amendment Feb. 2, 1870; and New Jersey ratified it Feb. 21,

1871.

California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Oregon, and Tennessee rejected this amendment. 2 The Sixteenth Amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by Congress July 12, 1909, and was declared, in an announcement by the Secretary of State, dated Feb. 25, 1913, to have been ratified by the legislatures of the following thirty-eight of the fortyeight States: Alabama, Aug. 17, 1909; Kentucky, Feb. 8, 1910; South Carolina, Feb. 23, 1910; Illinois, Mar. 1, 1910; Mississippi, Mar. 11, 1910; Oklahoma, Mar. 14, 1910; Maryland, Apr. 8, 1910; Georgia, Aug. 3, 1910; Texas, Aug. 17, 1910; Ohio, Jan. 19, 1911; Idaho, Jan. 20, 1911; Oregon, Jan. 23, 1911; Washington, Jan. 26, 1911; California, Jan. 31, 1911; Montana, Jan. 31, 1911; Indiana, Feb. 6, 1911; Nevada, Feb. 8, 1911; Nebraska, Feb. 11, 1911; North Carolina, Feb. 11, 1911; Colorado, Feb. 20, 1911; North Dakota, Feb. 21, 1911; Michigan, Feb. 23, 1911; Iowa, Feb. 27, 1911; Kansas, Mar. 6, 1911; Missouri, Mar. 16, 1911; Maine, Mar. 31, 1911; Tennessee, Apr. 11, 1911; Arkansas, Apr. 22, 1911; Wisconsin, May 26, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; South Dakota, Feb. 3, 1912; Arizona, Apr. 9, 1912; Minnesota,

[ARTICLE XVII.] 1

[1.] The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

[2.] When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

[3.] This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

ARTICLE [XVIII.]2

SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

SEC. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

SEC. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

June 12, 1912; Louisiana, July 1, 1912; Delaware, Feb. 3, 1913; Wyoming, Feb. 3, 1913; New Jersey, Feb. 5, 1913; New Mexico, Feb. 5, 1913.

Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and West Virginia ratified the amendment after the announcement by the Secretary of State.

Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Utah rejected this amendment.

1 The Seventeenth Amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by Congress on May 16, 1912, and was declared, in an announcement by the Secretary of State, dated May 31, 1913, to have been ratified by the legislatures of the following thirty-six of the forty-eight States: Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Arizona, June 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York, Jan. 15, 1913; Kansas, Jan. 17, 1913; Oregon, Jan. 23, 1913; North Carolina, Jan. 25, 1913; California, Jan. 28, 1913; Michigan, Jan. 28, 1913; Idaho, Jan. 31, 1913; West Virginia, Feb. 4, 1913; Nebraska, Feb. 5, 1913; Iowa, Feb. 6, 1913; Montana, Feb. 7, 1913; Texas, Feb. 7, 1913; Washington, Feb. 7, 1913; Wyoming, Feb. 11, 1913; Colorado, Feb. 13, 1913; Illinois, Feb. 13, 1913; North Dakota, Feb. 18, 1913; Nevada, Feb. 19, 1913; Vermont, Feb. 19, 1913; Maine, Feb. 20, 1913; New Hampshire, Feb. 21, 1913; Oklahoma, Feb. 24, 1913; Ohio, Feb. 25, 1913; South Dakota, Feb. 27, 1913; Indiana, Mar. 6, 1913; Missouri, Mar. 7, 1913; New Mexico, Mar. 15, 1913; New Jersey, Mar. 18, 1913; Tennessee, Apr. 1, 1913; Arkansas, Apr. 14, 1913; Connecticut, Apr. 15, 1913; Pennsylvania, Apr. 15, 1913; Wisconsin, May 9, 1913.

? The Eighteenth Amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by a resolution of Congress which was deposited in the Department of State on Dec. 19, 1917. In an announcement by the Acting Secretary of State, dated Jan. 29, 1919, it was declared to have been ratified by the legislatures of thirty-six of the forty-eight States.

ARTICLE [XIX.]1

[1.] The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. [2] Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

1 The Nineteenth Amendment was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by a resolution of Congress which was deposited in the Department of State on June 5, 1919. It was declared in an announcement by the Secretary of State, dated Aug. 26, 1920, to have been ratified by the legislatures of thirty-six of the forty-eight States.