A Description of Budget Terms, Memorandum from John Baker, Con- sultant to the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry to Sen- ator Metcalf, February 2, 1973-----
Text of S. 40, the "Federal Act to Control Expenditures and Upgrade Priorities," by Senator Brock
News Release of Senator Bill Brock of Tennessee, Including His Intro-
ductory Remarks on S. 40..........
Text of S. 565, the "Expenditure Control Act of 1973," by Senator Nunn. Introductory Remarks of Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia on S. 565-- Text of S. 703, the "Fiscal Responsibility Act," by Senator Bellmon.. Introductory Remarks of Senator Henry Bellmon on S. 703-
Text of S. 758, the "Congressional Budget Control and Oversight Im- provement Act," by Senator Beall....
Introductory Remarks of Senator J. Glenn Beall, Jr., of Maryland, on
S. 758.
Text of S. 846, Amending Title II of the Legislative Reorganization Act
of 1970, Adding a New Part 6-Congressional Budget Process, by
Senator Percy..
Introductory Remarks of Senator Charles H. Percy of Illinois, on S. 846.
Remarks of Senator Alan Cranston of California, on S. 846_.
Proposed Budget and Appropriation Reform Legislation (89th through
92d Congresses).
List of Senate and House Bills on the Budget and Appropriations, 93d
Congress
"Improving Congressional Control Over Budgetary Outlay and Receipt
Totals," Interim Report, Joint Study Committee on Budget Control,
February 7, 1973.
Statement of Hon. Elmer R. Staats, Comptroller General of the United
States, Before the Joint Study Committee on Budget Control, March 7,
1973...
Analysis of Proposals To Improve Congressional Control of Spending, by Allen Shick, Senior Specialist, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, January 10, 1973.
Proposals for a Legislative Budget, by Louis Fisher, Congressional Research
Service, Library of Congress
Experience With A Legislative Budget (1947-49), by Louis Fisher, Congres-
sional Research Service, Library of Congress, January 30, 1973.
Five-year Budget Projections, by Walter Ŏleszek, Congressional Research
Service, Library of Congress..
A Three-Year Limit On Authorization Bills-An Analysis of Title III,
S. 3984 (92d Cong.) by Allen Schick, Congressional Research Service,
Library of Congress, November 30, 1972__
The Pilot Testing of New Programs-An Analysis of Title IV, S. 3984,
92d Cong., by Allen Schick, Congressional Research Service, Library
of Congress, December 6, 1972.
Requirement of Annual Appropriations, by Allen Schick, Congressional
Research Service, Library of Congress, January 9, 1973
"Spending Ceiling: Still An Issue For Nixon and Congress", Congressional
Quarterly, Vol. 30, November 4, 1972_
"Administration and Congressional Views on Legislation To Put Ceiling
On Spending," Congressional Quarterly, Vol. 30, November 4, 1972-
Backdoor Spending Authority, by Allen Schick, Congressional Research
Service, Library of Congress, February 19, 1973.
"Administrative Organization-Financial Administration”, Excerpt from
The Book of the States, 1972-73, Vol. XIX.......
Table showing State Budgetary Practices, by States...
Table Showing Elements of State Financial Organization, by_States_
The California Legislative Budget System, by Clay H. Wellborn, Congres-
sional Research Service, Library of Congress, March 14, 1973..
Implementation of the Budgetary and Fiscal Information Provisions of the
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, by Financial and General Man-
agement Studies Division, U.S. General Accounting Office, March 7, 1973-
Comments on Second Annual Report of Treasury and OMB to Congress
on Progress in Developing Standard Classifications and Standardized
Information, by the Comptroller General of the United States, Feb-
ruary 7, 1973__
"Estimating Possibilities for Improvement In The Quality of Life in the
United States," National Planning Association Report, Looking Ahead,
Vol 20, January 1973, by Nestor E. Terleckyj, Director, NPA Goals
Accounting Study...
Comparative Data on the Federal Government Budget Estimates Sub-
mitted to Congress, and Final Budget Conditions Realized (1921-1974),
by George K. Brite, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress,
January 29, 1973.
"Improvement of Congressional and Executive Procedures", Part III,
The Budgetary Process in the United States, by Arthur Smithies, McGraw-
Hill Book Company, Inc., 1955-
"Proposals for Budget Control Reform", Chapter 5, Congressional Control
of Administration, by Joseph P. Harris, the Brookings Institution,
Washington, D.C., 1964
"Toward a Radical Incrementalism-A Proposal To Aid Congress in
Reform of the Budgetary Process", by Aaron Wildovsky, Twelve Studies
of the Organization of Congress, the American Enterprise Institute for
Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C., 1966- - - .
Congressional Budget Reform, A Select Bibliography, by Lewis Fisher, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, December 15,
"The Need for Change", Chap. 7, Unused Power-the work of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, by Stephen Horn, the Brookings Insti- tution, Washington, D.C..
"Coordination of Federal Budgetary and Appropriations Procedures
Under the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946", by Avery Leiserson,
National Tax Journal, Vol I. No 2., June 1948.
"The Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1950", by Dalmus H. Nelson,
Journal of Politics, Vol. 15, No. 2, May 1953--
"A Strategy for Fiscal Reform-Goals, Limitations, and Recommen-
dations", IV, The Responsible Use of Power, by John S. Saloma, III,
American Enterprise Institute, 1974__
"The Budget Process Itself," Excerpt from Setting National Priorities-
The 1973 Budget, The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C..
The Federal Budget Process (Revised), by George K. Brite and Harriet J.
Halper, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress___
"The Impact of PPBS on the Congressional Appropriations Process", from Information Support, Program Budgeting, and the Congress, New York, Spartan Books, 1968, by Richard F. Fenn; Robert L. Chartrand, Kenneth Janda, and Michael Hugo, editors...
Legislature Appropriations Process; Florida Profile, Florida House of Representative Appropriations Committee..
California's Joint Legislature Budget Committee and Legislature Analyst, prepared by Office of Legislature Analyst, January 1973-
IMPROVING CONGRESSIONAL CONTROL OVER
A DESCRIPTION OF BUDGET TERMS
From: John Baker, consultant to the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.
In an effort to keep the budget and appropriations' arguments clear in my own mind, I have set down several different terms that have different meanings and for each of which there is a different series of numbers. I thought it might be interesting, if not useful, to you in wading your way through the Budget.
There used to be something called "NOA" (New Obligational Authority). This was an authorization in an appropriation Act to spend money in the future for the appropriation item involved. The money thus authorized may or may not be actually spent in the year covered by the appropriation Act. In fact, it can, but may never, be actually disbursed.
Here is a partial list of terms that appear in the documents accompanying the President's Budget Message. Each has a different and distinct meaning, and for any particular fiscal year, it will only be an accident if the number that goes with one term as applied to a particular appropriation is identical to another of the terms as applied to the same item for the same year:
New obligation authority Obligation
Budget authority (appropriation) Outlays
Appropriations (adjusted)
Direct obligations
Reimburseable obligations:
Federal sources
Non-Federal sources
Change in selected resources
Obligations incurred, net
Permanent appropriations
Authority to make disbursements from-trust fund
Transferred to other accounts
Transferred from other accounts
Unobligated budget lapsing
Obligated balance at beginning of year
Obligated balance at end of year
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