A

placement: by machinery, 109;
Earnings: compared with earn-
ings in similar`non-agricultural
occupations, 111; Wages: 110
AGRICULTURAL POPULATION, lim-
its to further growth of, 112
ANTHRACITE COAL, See Coal
Mines, Anthracite

ANTHRACITE COAL STRIKE COM-

MISSION, award of the, 456
APARTMENT HOUSES, increase, 282
ARISTOCRACY OF LABOR, English-
speaking, created by immigra-
tion, 9, 161, 163, 164, 394
ASSIMILATION, English language:
ability to speak, 58; Problem of:
42, 75; Recent immigrants: 77

B

BENNET, WM. S., 48
BERGER, VICTOR L., 394
Beveridge, W. H., 114, 121, 124,
125, 126; (See also: Unemploy-
ment)

BIRDS OF PASSAGE, 74; by race, 75
BIRTH-RATE, (See: Race Suicide)
BITUMINOUS COAL, (See: Coal,
Bituminous)

BITUMINOUS COAL MINES, (See:
Coal Mines, Bituminous)
BOARDERS AND LODGERS, Earn-
ings: of head of family, 253;
Old immigration: per cent of
families keeping b. a. 1. among
the races of the, 253; Rent: and
b. a. 1., 254; Statistics: of the
Immigration Commission unre-
liable, 251, 252

BOSTON, 25, 65, 241, 242, 356, 363;
Home ownership: 1845-1900,
277; Housing: number of fami-
lies per house, 1853-1900, 242;
Tenancy: 1790, 1845, 1890, and
1900, 276; Tenement houses:
1855 and 1900, 241; unsanitary
in the '70's, 241, 242
BREADWINNERS, English: number,
1890 and 1900, 166; in selected
occupations, 1890-1900, 168;
German: number, 1890 and
1900, 166; in selected occupa-
tions, 170; Increase or decrease:
by sex, nativity, and occupa-
tion, 1890-1900, 141; Irish:
number, 1890 and 1900, 166;
in selected occupations, 169;
Welsh: number, 1890 and 1900,
166; in selected occupations, 168
BRITISH COLONIES, British immi-
gration to, encouraged by colo-
nial governments, 210

BRITISH EMIGRATION, decline of,
effect of home conditions, 173
BRITISH IMMIGRATION, encouraged
by colonial governments, 210
BUDGETS, (See: Family Budgets)
BURNETT, JOHN L., 43

C

CANADA, (See: Emigration, Amer-
ican farmers)

CAPITAL, immigration and emi-
gration of, 493, 494
CASTE PREJUDICE, against the
immigrant, outgrowth of occu-
pational stratification, 424
CHAPIN, ROBERT COIT, 240, 258,
260, 261

CHILD LABOR, 107, 318-324; Cot-
ton mills: children under 14 in
Northern and Southern, 321;
children under 14 in principal
States, 321; Decrease: of, con-
temporaneous with the increase
of immigration, 318; in States
with a large immigrant popula-
tion, 26; Defenders: of, in the
South, 321; Foreign-born: per
cent of, and per cent of children
under 16 employed in factories
in leading States, 319; Parent
nativity: of children, 10 to 15
years, in manufactures, by
geographical divisions, 320;
Shoe factories: c. 1. in, of rural
Missouri, 322; South: more
frequent in the, than in States
with large immigrant popula-
tion, 319; Substitute for immi-
gration, 26, 321, 493
CLAGHORN, KATE H., 65, 66,
357

CLOTHING INDUSTRY,

265-267;

(See also: Family Budgets;
Farmhouse Labor; Garment
Workers); Growth: of, since
1890, 369; Hours of labor: in
middle of nineteenth century,
363; Strikes: compared with
average for all industries, 1887-
1905, 373; Wages, real: of women
in the past lower than to-day,
364, 365

CLOTHING WORKERS, (See: Gar-
ment Workers)

COAL, Demand: fluctuations in the,
for, 432, 433, 434; Production:
per capita, 105; by months, 433;
and population, 419; in the
U. S., 1880-1910, 416–417
COAL, BITUMINOUS, machine
mined, per cent of, and percent-
age of miners from Southern
and Eastern Europe, by States,
429, 527
COAL MINERS, 414-457; Unem-
ployed: and per cent foreign

white, by States, 510; Westward
movement: caused by the open-
ing of new mining fields, 418
COAL MINERS, BITUMINOUS,
Wage scale: in Pennsylvania,
1895-1908, 441; Wages: by race
and locality, 442

COAL MINES, (See also: Coal; Coal
Miners; FatalAccidents;Strikes;
Work Accidents); Competition:
of unorganized native American
mine workers, 447; Fatal acci-
dents: in the U. S. and foreign
countries, 469; Unemployment:
part-time employment in lieu
of, 434

COAL MINES, ANTHRACITE, (See
also: Anthracite Coal Strike
Commission; Strikes); Fatal ac-
cident rate: 1870-1909, 479, 528;
Miners' unions: short lived
prior to the New Immigration,
455; Production: of, 1870-1909,
437; Wage-earners: number in,
1870-1909, 437

COAL MINES, BITUMINOUS, Days
worked: average number of,
and variation of the number of
immigrant miners and laborers
in Pennsylvania, 140, 141;
Employees: number, 1880-1907,
420; Fatal accident rate: by
nativity and causes, 474; by
nativity and length of experi-
ence, 477; compared with rail-
roads, 485, 529; variation of the
percentage of miners of Slavic
and Italian parentage, 472, 527;
Labor organizations, 445; Unem-
ployment: ratio of, and percent-
age of foreign-born miners,
134; Wages, union scale of,
1898-1908, 440

COMMISSARY STORE, (See: Com-
pany Store)

COMMONS, JOHN R., 59, 62, 114,
289, 291, 298, 302, 307, 350, 351,
362, 454

COMPANY HOUSES, 247, 248
COMPANY STORE, 272; Movement
against: 1849-1897, 444; in the
South, 443
COMPETITION,

IMMIGRANT, new

immigrants not working for
less pay than natives or older
immigrants, 401