sary to enable any trustor to pay the trustee such insufficiency as the trustee may require on account of outstanding beneficial interests or participations authorized to be issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of this subsection. Such trustor shall make timely payments to the trustee from such appropriations, subject to and in accord with the trust instrument. In the event that the insufficiency required by the trustee is on account of principal maturities of outstanding beneficial interests or participations authorized to be issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of this subsection, or pursuant hereto, the trustee is authorized to elect to issue additional beneficial interests or participations for refinancing purposes in lieu of requiring any trustor or trustors to make payments to the trustee from appropriated funds or other sources. Each such issue of beneficial interests or participations shall be in an amount determined by the trustee but not in excess of the aggregate amount which the trustee would otherwise require the trustor or trustors to pay from appropriated funds or other sources, and may be issued without regard to the provisions of paragraph (4) of this subsection. All refinancing issues of beneficial interests or participations shall be deemed to have been issued pursuant to the authority contained in the appropriation Act or Acts under which the beneficial interests or participations were originally issued.

CAPITALIZATION-FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION

SEC. 303. (a) The corporation shall have common stock, without par value, which shall be vested with all voting rights, each share being entitled to one vote with rights of cumulative voting at all elections of directors. The corporation may have preferred stock on such terms and conditions as the board of directors shall prescibe. The free transferability of the stock at all times to any person, firm, corporation, or other entity shall not be restricted except that, as to the corporation, it shall be transferable only on the books of the corporation.

(b) The corporation may accumulate funds for its capital surplus account from private sources by requiring each mortgage seller to make payments of nonrefundable capital contributions, equal to not more than 2 per centum of the unpaid principal amounts of mortgages purchased or to be purchased by the corporation from such seller under section 304, as determined from time to time by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, taking into consideration conditions in the mortgage market and the general economy; and by requiring each borrower to make such payments, equal to not more than one-half of 1 per centum of the amount lent by the corporation to such borrower under section 304. In addition, the corporation may impose charges or fees, which may be regarded as elements of pricing, with the objective that all costs and expenses of its operations should be within its income derived from such operations and that such operations should be fully self-supporting. All earnings from the operations of the corporation shall annually be transferred to its general surplus account. At any time, funds of the general surplus account may, in the discretion of the board of directors, be trans

ferred to reserves. All dividends shall be charged against the general surplus account.

(c) The corporation shall issue, from time to time, to each mortgage seller or borrower, its common stock evidencing any capital contributions (adjusted by reason of any payments into surplus required by the corporation) made by such seller or borrower pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. In addition to the shares of common stock issued under the foregoing sentence, the corporation may issue additional shares in return for appropriate payments into capital or capital and surplus. The corporation shall at all times require each servicer of its mortgages to own a minimum amount of common stock of the corporation, measured by its stated value. Such minimum amount shall not exceed 2 per centum, as determined from time to time by the corporation, with the approval of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, of the aggregate outstanding principal balances of all mortgages of the corporation which have been purchased subsequent to September 1, 1968 and which are then serviced by such servicer for the corporation.

Such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors in its discretion shall be paid by the Association to the holders of its common stock, but in any one fiscal year the aggregate amount of cash dividends paid on account of any share of such stock shall not exceed any rate which may be determined from time to time by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to be a fair rate of return after consideration of the current earnings and capital condition of the corporation.

(d) [Repealed.]

(e) [Repealed.]

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any institution, including a national bank or State member bank of the Federal Reserve System or any member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, trust company, or other banking organization, organized under any law of the United States, including the laws relating to the District of Columbia, shall be authorized to make payments to the corporation of the nonrefundable capital contributions referred to in subsection (b) of this section, to receive stock of the corporation evidencing such capital contributions, to purchase additional shares of such stock, and to hold or dispose of such stock, subject to the provisions of this title.

(g) [Repealed.]

SECONDARY MARKET OPERATIONS-FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE

ASSOCIATION

SEC. 304. (a)(1) To carry out the purposes set forth in paragraph (a) of section 301, the operations of the corporation under this section shall be confined so far as practicable, to mortgages which are deemed by the corporation to be of such quality, type, and class as to meet, generally, the purchase standards imposed by private institutional mortgage investors. In the interest of assuring sound operation, the prices to be paid by the corporation for mortgages purchased in its secondary market operations under this section, should be established, from time to time, within the range of

market prices for the particular class of mortgages involved, as determined by the corporation.

The volume of the corporation's purchases and sales, and the establishment of the purchase prices, sale prices, and charges or fees, in its secondary market operations under this section, should be determined by the corporation from time to time, and such determinations should be consistent with the objectives that such purchases and sales should be effected only at such prices and on such terms as will reasonably prevent excessive use of the corporation's facilities, and that the operations of the corporation under this section should be within its income derived from such operations and that such operations should be fully self-supporting. Nothing in this title shall prohibit the corporation from purchasing, and making commitments to purchase, any mortgage with respect to which the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development has entered into a contract with the corporation to make interest subsidy payments under section 243 of the National Housing Act.

(2) In the further interest of assuring sound operation, any loan made by the corporation in its secondary market operations under this section, and any extension or renewal thereof, shall not exceed 90 per centum of the unpaid principal balances of the mortgages securing the loan, and shall bear interest at a rate consistent with general loan policies established from time to time by the corporation's board of directors. Any such loan shall mature in not more than twelve months and the term of any extension or renewal shall not exceed twelve months. The volume of the corporation's lending activities and the establishment of its loan ratios, interest rates, maturities, and charges or fees in its secondary market operations under this section, should be determined by the corporation from time to time; and such determinations, in conjunction with determinations made under paragraph (1), should be consistent with the objectives that the lending activities should be conducted on such terms as will reasonably prevent excessive use of the corporation's facilities, and that the operations of the corporation under this section should be within its income derived from such operations and that such operations should be fully self-supporting. Notwithstanding any Federal, State, or other law to the contrary, the corporation is hereby empowered, in connection with any loan under this section, whether before or after any default, to provide by contract with the borrower for the settlement or extinguishment, upon default, of any redemption, equitable, legal, or other right, title, or interest of the borrower in any mortgage or mortgages that constitute the security for the loan; and with respect to any such loan, in the event of default and pursuant otherwise to the terms of the contract, the mortgages that constitute such security shall become the absolute property of the corporation.

(b) For the purposes of this section, the corporation is authorized to issue, upon the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and have outstanding at any one time obligations having such maturities and bearing such rate or rates of interest as may be determined by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to be redeemable at the option of the corporation before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations; but the aggregate amount of obligations of the corporation under

this subsection outstanding at any one time shall not exceed fifteen times the sum of its capital, capital surplus, general surplus, reserves, and undistributed earnings unless a greater ratio shall be fixed at any time or from time to time by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. In no event shall any such obligations be issued if, at the time of such proposed issuance, and as a consequence thereof, the resulting aggregate amount of its outstanding obligations under this subsection would exceed the amount of the corporation's ownership pursuant to this section, free from any liens or encumbrances, of cash, mortgages or other security holdings, and obligations of the United States or guaranteed thereby, or obligations, participations, or other instruments which are lawful investments for fiduciary, trust, or public funds. The corporation shall insert appropriate language in all of its obligations issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such obligations, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United Štates and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the corporation. The corporation is authorized to purchase in the open market any of its obligations outstanding under this subsection at any time and at any price.

(c) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized in his discretion to purchase any obligations issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, as now or hereafter in force, and for such purpose the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds of the sale of any securities hereafter issued under chapter 31 of title 31, United States Code, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31, United States Code, are extended to include such purchases. The Secretary of the Treasury shall not at any time purchase any obligations under this subsection if such purchase would increase the aggregate principal amount of his then outstanding holding of such obligations under this subsection to an amount greater than $2,250,000,000. Each purchase of obligations by the Secretary of the Treasury under this subsection shall be upon such terms and conditions as to yield a return at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States as of the last day of the month preceding the making of such purchase. The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, sell, upon such terms and conditions and at such price or prices as he shall determine, any of the obligations acquired by him under this subsection. All redemptions, purchases and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such obligations under this subsection shall be treated as public debt transactions of the United States.

(d) To provide a greater degree of liquidity to the mortgage investment market and an additional means of financing its operations under this section, the corporation is authorized to set aside any mortgages held by it under this section, and, upon approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to issue and sell securities based upon the mortgages so set aside. Securities issued under this subsection may be in the form of debt obligations or trust certificates of beneficial interest, or both. Securities issued under this subsection shall have such maturities and bear such rate or rates of inter

est as may be determined by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. Securities issued by the corporation under this subsection shall, to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Mortgages set aside pursuant to this subsection shall at all times be adequate to enable the corporation to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities issued and sold pursuant to this subsection.

(e) For the purposes of this section, the corporation is authorized to issue, upon the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, obligations which are subordinated to any or all other obligations of the corporation, including subsequent obligations. The obligations issued under this subsection shall have such maturities and bear such rate or rates of interest as may be determined by the corporation with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury and may be made redeemable at the option of the corporation before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations. Any of such obligations may be made convertible into shares of common stock in such manner, at such price or prices, and at such time or times as may be stipulated therein. The outstanding total principal amount of such obligations, which are entirely subordinated to the obligations of the the corporation issued or to be issued under subsection (b), shall be deemed to be capital of the corporation for the purpose of determining the aggregate amount of obligations issued under subsection (b) which may be outstanding at any one time. Obligations issued by the corporation under this subsection shall, to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States, be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The corporation shall insert appropriate language in all of its obligations issued under this subsection clearly indicating that such obligations, together with the interest thereon, are not guaranteed by the United States and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any agency or instrumentality thereof other than the corporation. The corporation is authorized to purchase in the open market any of its obligations outstanding under this subsection at any time and at any price.

SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FUNCTIONS-GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION

SEC. 305. [Repealed.]

MANAGEMENT AND LIQUIDATION FUNCTIONS-GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION

SEC. 306. (a) To carry out the purposes set forth in paragraph (c) of section 301, the Association is authorized and directed, as of the close of the cutoff date determined by the Association pursuant to section 303(d) of this title, to establish separate accountability for all of its assets and liabilities (exclusive of capital, surplus, surplus reserves, and undistributed earnings to be evidenced by preferred