For the external relations of France, see DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE; EUROPEAN CONGRESS; MEXICO, and POLAND.

FRANKLIN, the capital of St. Mary's parish, Louisiana, was a port of entry, and a thriving town, on the west bank of the river Teche, 65 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. It is situated in a rich planting district. Cotton, sugar, and maize were exported by the river, which was navigated by large steamers. On the advance of Gen. Banks, in April, the division of Gen. Grover had a sharp conflict with the Confederate force, under Gen. Taylor, near Franklin.

FREDERIC VII., King of Denmark, born in Copenhagen, October 6th, 1808, died at his palace, Glücksborg, South Jutland, November 15th, 1863. He was the son of Christian VIII., and the Princess Charlotte Frederike, of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and ascended the throne January 20th, 1848. In his youth he travelled through Germany and Switzerland, passing more than a year in Geneva, Italy, and the south of France; and on his return he married, November 1st, 1828, Vilhelmine Marie, daughter of Frederick VI., from whom he separated in 1837, and the same year was removed by royal order to Fredericia, in Jutland, where he was for some time commandant and chief of an infantry regiment. His exile ended with his father's accession to the throne, in 1889.

tions which the Chancery of the day had instituted for political offences; and on the 28th of January issued a royal rescript promising a free constitution for the whole monarchy. But, in the meantime there had grown up a strong interest in the future government and control of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which had resolved itself into a powerful conspiracy, assisted by Prussia, which wished to seize the valuable harbors and rich districts of the southern part of the State. This movement was urged on, on the one hand, by the German ministers, and on the other, by the feverish spirit excited by the French revolution of 1830. Thus, only nine weeks after ascending the throne, the new king found himself involved in a war for life or death against an unexampled outbreak of treachery and revolt. On the 18th of March, 1848, the provincial deputies of these Duchies agreed to send a deputation to the king, demanding the union of Schleswig and Holstein under one Government; the former to be delivered over as a member to the German Confederation. But on the 20th there was a great meeting of the citizens in the Danish capital, and an immense assembly, headed by the mayor and magistrates, went to the king's palace to ask for a new and liberal national ministry. This wish had already been fulfilled, and on the 24th was formed the first constitutional and responsible cabinet that the kingdom had seen for more than three hundred years. This was followed by a free constitution signed by the king on the 5th of June, 1849. During the revolution, King Frederick stood fast by his people, and succeeded in preserving his Danish province of Schleswig from the German invaders, while at the same time he boldly defended the freedom of the State. During the efforts of late years to force on the nation an impracticable "whole State" Government, he still resisted all attempts to reach that object by restoring despotism, and when this scheme fell to pieces, resisted by both the Danes in Denmark, and the Germans in Holstein and Lauenburg, he laid before the Rigsraad a new law, for drawing still tighter the bonds between the Danish parts of the realm-the kingdom proper-and Schleswig. This bill has since been signed and accepted by the new king, Christian IX. Like his royal father, King Frederick was an excellent antiquary. His private museum was large and rich, though mostly in collec tions of the remains and antiquities of his own land, and of the Scandinavian races. Unfortunately a portion of this museum was subse

quently destroyed by fire. He also personally took part in explorations and diggings. Almost his last hours were spent in superintending the great mossfind diggings in South Jutland. He gave largely to public and private antiquarian societies, and personally presided at the annual meetings of the Northern Antiquarians, which were held in his own palace, conversing freely and instructively with the Fellows who happened to be present. His death was caused by a severe attack of erysipelas. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. The publication of some newspapers was interrupted during 1863, by the lawless attacks of disorderly persons who destroyed the printing offices, and by the orders of military officers suppressing their issue.

In the former case the attacks were frequent, but not always successful. On the 5th of March, late in the evening, an attack was made on the office of "The Crisis," a Democratic paper, published at Columbus, Ohio, by a body of disorderly soldiers. Everything was cleared out. The windows, doors, stoves, shelves, books, &c., were entirely destroyed. The party then proceeded to attack the office of "The Statesman," but by the interference of the police further mischief was prevented. On the same night the office of the "Volksblatt," a Democratic paper in Belleville, near St. Louis, was entered and much property destroyed. During the riot in New York, in July, an attack was made on the office of "The Tribune," an Administration paper. (See RIors.) The doors and windows were destroyed, and also much property in the office. Later in the year, the office of the North Carolina "Standard," a reconstruction paper, published at Raleigh, was attacked by a body of soldiers, and destroyed. The citizens of Raleigh at once retaliated and destroyed the office of the "State Journal," a rival and an advocate of secession. Instances of these disorderly attacks were very numerous during the year in different parts of the Northern States. The printing materials were generally destroyed, and a temporary suspension of the paper caused

thereby.

The first case of the suppression of a newspaper by a military order was the "Evening Journal," published in Philadelphia. About midnight, January 27th, the editor, Albert D. Boileau, was arrested by order of Gen. Schenck, commanding the Middle Department, and taken to Fort McHenry, in Maryland. (See HABEAS CORPUS.) The order for the arrest instructed the officers to suppress the "Journal." The publication was subsequently resumed.

On the 8th of May, the following order was issued by Gen. Hascall, commanding in the District of Indiana:

HEADQUARTERS, DISTRICT OF INDIANA, DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO, Editor Bluffton Banner, Bluffton, Indiana: INDIANAPOLIS, May 8th, 1863. to me, in which you boast of your intention to violate copy of your paper, of May 1st, has been handed

Order No. 9, from these headquarters, as much as you please. You can now disavow that intention, and advise others to do so, or discontinue the publication of your paper altogether till further orders. A violation of this notice will receive prompt attention. MILO S. HASCALL, Brig.-Gen. Vols., Comd'g Dist. This order appears to have been disregarded by the editor. No further measures were taken.

On the 11th of May, an order was issued by Gen. Davidson, at St. Louis, prohibiting the sale or distribution in that district of the "Freeman's Journal," and "Caucasian," of New York; the Columbus "Crisis," a Democratic journal of Jerseyville; the Chicago "Times," and Dubuque "Herald."

On the 1st of June, Gen. Burnside, commanding the Department of the Ohio, issued the following order:

General Order, No. 84.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF OHIO, CINCINNATI, June 1st, 1863. 1. The tendency of the articles and opinions habitYork World," being to cast reproach upon the Govually published in the newspaper known as the New ernment, and to weaken its efforts to suppress the rebellion, by creating distrust in its war policy, its circulation in time of war is calculated to exert a pernicious and treasonable influence, and is, therefore, prohibited in this department.

2. Postmasters, news agents, and all others, will govern themselves by this order, as any person defected in forwarding, selling, or in any way circulating the paper referred to, will be promptly arrested and held for trial.

8. On account of the repeated expression of disloyal and incendiary sentiments, the publishing of the newspaper known as the Chicago "Times" is hereby suppressed.

the district of Illinois, is charged with the execution 4. Brigadier-General Jacob Ammen, commanding of the third paragraph of this order.

By command of Major-Gen. A. E. BURNSIDE. LEWIS RICHMOND, Lieut.-Col. and A. A.-Gen.

[Official.] D. R. LARNED, Capt., and A. A.-Gen.

With the issue of this order, the following notice was sent to the editor of the Chicago "Times."

BY TELEGRAPH FROM HEADQUARTERS,
CINCINNATI, June 2d. ́

Editor of the Chicago Times:

You are hereby notified that I have issued an order stopping the publication of your paper, which order will be published in the morning papers of this city to-day (Tuesday morning). You will please govern yourself accordingly, A. E. BURNSIDE, Major-General.

Gen. Ammen having directed Capt. Putnam, commanding at Camp Douglas, Chicago, to carry the foregoing order into effect, the latter warned the publishers of the "Times," on the night of the 2d, against issuing their paper the next morning, under penalty of the seizure of their establishment by the military. The publishers thereupon applied to Judge Drummond, of the United States circuit court, for a writ enjoining Capt. Putnam from any interference with their business or property; and after midnight a writ was issued by Judge Drummond, to execute the order until the application for a directing the captain to take no further steps

work, in cultivating the soil. There was, indeed, employment sufficient for a considerable number in acting as laborers, hostlers, cooks, teamsters, &c., and for the women in washing and other labor in the camps and at the hospitals, but these employments were insufficient for the vast multitude who were constantly pouring into the army lines.

The Government had hitherto discouraged the organization of regiments of colored troops, ⚫ and had not favored their enlistment, even when attempted in the Northern States. There had been, it is true, two or three such regiments formed, one in Kansas, and one or two in South Carolina, but these had been considered by the Government doubtful experiments. It was known that the Confederates had, in a few instances, organized such regiments, though their fear of their fidelity had prevented them from doing so to any considerable extent. A black regiment had, however, been organized in New Orleans, and elsewhere negroes had been in the Confederate ranks as sharpshooters, sentinels, &c., though seldom in any considerable numbers. Some of the border States, and Kentucky in particular, opposed very strenuously the organization of colored regiments, and she has maintained her opposition up to the present time. In most of the States, however, after the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, there was an increasing feeling in favor of using the able-bodied negroes as soldiers, to aid in the overthrow of the Rebellion. It was urged in favor of this, that they possessed the qualities of obedience, docility, imitation, and emulation, which would. make them good soldiers; that they were familiar with the country which was the seat of war, and would be of great value as scouts; that they were inured to the climate, which affected so seriously white soldiers, and that their employment in this capacity would more effectually cripple the resources of the Confederates than any other measure, and would tend to render further conflict on their part hopeless. To the objections that they would be guilty of great and horrible outrages upon the weak and helpless families of the enemy, it was answered that the negro was not vindictive in his nature, and that from his ready submission to his officers it was rather to be expected that, under proper discipline, the colored troops would prove more correct in their deportment than white regiments. The approach of a draft which would fall heavily upon the workshops, manufactories, and farms of the North, already depleted of their operatives to such an extent as greatly to enhance the price of skilled labor, led to the conviction on the part of the great body of the people of the North, that these thews and sinews thus at their command and for the most part ready and willing for their service, might as well be employed, so far as they would go toward filling up the ranks of the armies east and west, as their own. (See ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.)

The Government had arrived at similar conclu. sions early in the year. They had, indeed, been foreshadowed in that passage of the Emanci pation Proclamation, in which the President had said:

"And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service."

On the 20th of January an order was issued from the War Department authorizing Governor Andrew, of Massachusetts, to raise regi. ments of African descent. In March the adjutant-general, Gen. L. Thomas, was sent to the West to organize colored regiments from the freedmen who were coming in large num bers into the Union lines from Cairo to Natchez. At Helena Gen. Prentiss asked the privilege of organizing a regiment (he did raise two, which afterward proved the means of the preservation of that post), and Gen. Thomas granted his request. At Milliken's Bend, General Thomas organized five regiments, at Grand Gulf three more, and before leaving the Mississippi Valley, as he was compelled to do by severe illness, in June he had completed arrangements for raising twenty colored regiments. Meantime Gen. Banks had also been active in the formation of what he denominated a Corps d'Afrique, a body of colored troops, at first put under the command of BrigadierGeneral H. E. Paine, and after he was severely wounded in the assault on Port Hudson, under that of Brig.-Gen. Ullmann. Over 15,000 of these troops were mustered into the service in the Department of the Gulf. In the Department of the South three regiments were organized at Hilton Head before June, and several others later in the year. Several regiments were also raised in North Carolina, in Norfolk, Virginia and its vicinity, in Washington, D. C., and in Maryland. At the close of the year the number of colored troops in the United States service exceeded 50,000. They were with very few exceptions officered by whites, and the applicants for commands in these regiments underwent a very severe and critical examination by a board of army officers, of which General Silas Casey was president. More than half the applicants were rejected, and of those received, by far the greater part were assigned to a rank materially below that for which they applied. The result has been that no regiments in the volunteer army have been under the command of more efficient and thoroughly competent officers than those composed of "soldiers of Afri can descent." On the 22d of May, a bureau of colored troops was organized in the War Department. A Commission of Inquiry in regard to the numbers, condition, capacity, and future wants of the freedmen, consisting of Robert Dale Owon, James McKaye, and Samuel G. Howe, had been appointed by the Secre tary of War and made a preliminary report on