CLASS 4 Articles composed wholly or chiefly of bone, papier maché, or other solid substance...... Registration in any two of the foregoing £ S. .3 years 2 2 10 .3 years 3 10 17 .3 years 5 0 25 3 years 6 10 32 3 years 1 1 classes three... In any In all four.. 5 Paper hangings... 6 Carpets. floor-cloths, oil-cloths ..3 years 2 2 7 Shawls (patterns printed)......1 years 1 10 8 Shawls do. not printed) ...3 years 2 2 9 Yarn, thread, warp, printed ...9 months 0 10 10 & 11 Woven fabrics, with printed patterns, not enumerated in any other class.. 51 10 74 10 21 3 years 2 2 101 32 2 10 1 {} 12 Woven fabrics, not printed.... 3 years 2 13 Lace and other articles not embraced 14 Sculpture....... 0 5 14 years 7 0 35 Copies of registrations and searches are 5 32 Assignments, Provisional Useful...... 1 0 including reg Complete Useful....... 6 10 istration fee Provisional Ornamental 0 15 31 and stamps. Complete Ornamental.. 2 0 10 Anyone fraudulently using the words "Registered," "Provisionally Registered," marking anything with the registration mark, or anything resembling it, after the period of protection expires, lays himself open to a heavy fine for each individual offence. About 4,000 Ornamental Registrations are effected every year. 24 ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. FOREIGN PATENT LAWS. AFRICA. The only parts of this continent which have patent laws are the Republic of Liberia, Cape Colony, and Natal-which see. AMERICA (NORTH). See United States, Canada, and Mexico. AMERICA (CENTRAL). See Guatemala and West Indies. AMERICA (SOUTH). ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. (Population, 2,000,000.) The law as to what is patentable is the same as that of the French. There are four kinds of patents :— (1) Invention. Granted for new inventions, not patented in any country previously, and granted for five, ten, or fifteen years, according to wish of applicant and merit of invention. (2) Importation. Granted for inventions already patented abroad and expiring with any prior foreign patent, but not granted in any case for more than ten years. (3) Improvement. Granted for improvements on existing patent, and expiring with it. (4) Provisional. These are of little value except to residents. Infringement is a criminal offence, punishable with fine of from about £7 ($35) to £70 ($350), or imprisonment of from one to six months (second offence, penalty doubled). The counterfeit articles are also confiscated to the patentee. The sole defences allowed are invalidity of patent or right of ownership in patent. Illegal use of the word "Patent," or exhibiting for sale, or even giving away infringements on a patent, subjects the offender to the above-mentioned fines or imprisonment. These laws are easily put in force. Cost of patent of invention or Cost of patent of addition by inventor of original patent. By other than the inventor of original ..15 years £125 ($625.) 5 years £70 ($350.) £45 plus £1 10 a-year for period yet to run. £45 plus £3 a-year for period yet to run. patent. Registration of trademarks... ..£20 ($100.) AUSTRALIA. (Population about 3,000,000.) There is no central government in this island, but each of the colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, and South and West Australia have an independent patent law and patent office; the same is the case with New Zealand and Tasmania. For particulars of each colony see their respective headings. AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. (Population 37,700,000.) One application suffices for the entire empire, but a separate patent for Hungary is granted with that for Austria, and without further charge. 1st.-Any person resident in the empire can obtain a valid patent for fifteen years, or any lesser period renewable to fifteen years from date of original application, for an invention, provided it be not patented in the realm, or elsewhere, before the date of application, or it has not been worked or published in the empire. Substantially the same rules hold good in this case, as regards publication, as would be accepted under English law. 2nd. Any person having a valid patent abroad (or his assigns) can obtain protection in Austria for the same invention, for a period coincident with the life of his foreign patent, but bounded in any case by the term of fifteen years-provided the invention have not been worked in the realm previous to the application for the Austrian patent. 3rd. -A patent obtained for a smaller number of years than the maximum allowed by law, can be afterwards renewed up to that maximum, at the cost of the difference between the price of the short term patent and one for the extended period, and, of course, agency charges. In all cases of imported inventions, even when the patent has been obtained for the entire fifteen years, it being still dependent on the foreign patent, the inventor is bound, if called upon, to give proof of the validity of the said foreign patent, whenever a period arrives in its existence when it might cease through failure to pay taxes or neglect of other formalities. Anything that would form a subject for a valid patent in England would do so in Austria, with this exception, that preparations of food, beverages, and medicines cannot be protected. 4th.-Two or more discoveries cannot be united in one patent, unless they relate to the production of one and the same object, as component parts or operative means, and no patents are allowed for preparations of food, beverages, or medicine. 5th. The patent secures to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, the exclusive use of his discovery, invention, or improvement, as laid down in his specification during the continuance of the patent, giving him the same rights and privileges in the empire that a British or American patent would in their respective countries. 6th. In his petition the applicant must give his Christian name and surname in full, profession, and full address, and, in case of his not residing in the empire, the name, address, &c., of a proxy domiciled there (usually the correspondent of his Patent Agent); the number of years for which the patent is (at present) demanded, and the statement whether the specification is to be kept in the secret archives or not. (If kept secret, infringers cannot be convicted on the first offence proved.) 7th.-Transfers or licences of patents are registered as in England, and duly published. In case of an entire transfer, it must be confirmed on the patent itself. The invention, even if it be an article or mode of warfare, must be practised in the empire within a year from the date of application, and the use of the said invention in the realm must not be discontinued for a period of two consecutive years, or the patent becomes void. This rule in Austria, unlike all other countries, is rigorously observed. One entire machine (if a mechanical patent) of workable size and character, must be |