■m illi terra, plurimum mari pollent. / Memor esto, iam 9
■m signum pugnae dabis, has duas acies spectaculo
re, ut fessos confectosque simul victorem ac victum
grediantur. Itaque si nos di amant, quoniam non
ntenti libertate certa in dubiam imperii servitiique
eam imus, ineamus aliquam viam qua utri utris impe-
at, sine magna clade, sine multo sanguine utriusque
puli decerni possit.' Haud displicet res Tullo, quam-
am cum indole animi tum spe victoriae ferocior erat.
aerentibus utrimque ratio initur, cui et fortuna ipsa
Lebuit materiam.

10

Forte in duobus tum exercitibus erant trigemini fra- 24
s nec aetate nec viribus dispares: Horatios Curia-
que fuisse satis constat, nec ferme res antiqua alia
nobilior; tamen in re tam clara nominum error manet,
us populi Horatii, utrius Curiatii fuerint. Auctores
que trahunt: plures tamen invenio qui Romanos
ratios vocent; hos ut sequar inclinat animus.
um trigeminis agunt reges ut pro sua quisque patria 2
cent ferro: ibi imperium fore unde victoria fuerit.
1 recusatur, tempus et locus convenit. Priusquam 3
carent, foedus ictum inter Romanos et Albanos
his legibus, ut, cuius [que] populi cives eo certa-

te; i.e. you more than any-terra, mari: as in the regu-a marique; see Gr. 258. d. memor esto: not merely re

, but you must bear in mind; the future imperative. - iam ust as soon as. - spectaculo, he real thought is, they will e watch to, etc. - imperent: y an indirect question, but a tive one; see Gr. 334. 6. — : i.e. without the great loss be incurred if we fight.

THE HORATII AND CURIATII.

24. duobus: i.e. in each of the two, - a sense which is given by the emphasis. - dispares: i.e. the two sets. - nobilior: i.e. better known. -re: notice the antithesis to nominum. - error, uncertainty.

2. cum agunt: in its common sense of 'deal with,' urge upon.-unde: like a dextro cornu and the like.

3. dimicarent: for mood see Gr. 327. - cuius[que]: if que is re

1

s alteri populo cum bona pace impe

iis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia factum accepimus, nec ullius vetustior est. Fetialis regem Tullum ita rogavit : , cum patre patrato populi Albani foedus rege, 'Sagmina' inquit 'te, rex, posco.' ollito.' Fetialis ex arce graminis herbam stea regem ita rogavit: 'Rex, facisne untium populi Romani Quiritium, vasa 3?' Rex respondit: 'Quod sine fraude

Bidered collolautus, etc. hampions. thout demur; ubject nation. tever the conact, the man

- same.

father of the clan, but made so.
iubente rege: i.e. saying iubeo in
answer to the question preceding. -
sagmina: evidently connected with
sancio (sac-men), as the means of
making sacred the proceedings, like
the olive branch (ἱκετηρία) of the
Greeks. It seems to have been used
of a particular plant, but what one
is uncertain. A special virtue was
no doubt assigned to it, as often
to many other plants; but with
this sacred character is evidently
confounded a representative charac-
ter symbolic of the place of its
growth, the Capitoline Hill. - pu-
ram, free from (irreligious) taint.

- ullius, etc.: of which we alis: a priest, priests, who, f religion, like as the means tween hostile ss from books ege that Livy formulæ here Es evidently an ave come from - patre pagiven here this n to have been tive celebrant f of the emng to indicate an a fetialis. nave belonged and to have a temporary of the partierhaps it was not really the

5. graminis herbam, a growing plant of the sacred herb. - regium, etc.: as much as of the king of the Roman people, indicating with ritual verbosity the official character of the proceeding. - vasa (co-ordinate with me), utensils; a word derived from common use, like 'traps' or 'baggage, referring here to the silex, verbena, etc. comites: there seem to have been three in all, the pater patratus, the verbenarius, and the original fetialis. - fraude, etc., harm to, etc.; an earlier meaning of the word. quod... fiat, so far as may be; a

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320

6

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sense

min

mea populique Romani Quiritium fiat, facio.' Fetialis 6 erat M. Valerius. Is patrem patratum Spurium Fusium fecit, verbena caput capillosque tangens. Pater patratus ad ius iurandum patrandum, id est sanciendum (fit) foedus, multisque id verbis, quae longo effata carmine non operae est referre, peragit. Legibus deinde recitatis, 'Audi,' 7 nquit 'Iuppiter, audi, pater patrate populi Albani, audi u, populus Albanus: ut illa palam prima postrema ex lis tabulis cerave recitata sunt sine dolo malo utique ea ic hodie rectissime intellecta sunt, illis legibus populus Lomanus prior non deficiet. Si prior defexit publico

onsilio dolo malo, tùm tu, ille Diespiter, populum Romaum sic ferito, ut ego hunc porcum hic hodie feriam, ntoque magis ferito quanto magis potes pollesque.' ubi dixit, porcum saxo silice percussit. Sua item 9 mina Albani suumque ius iurandum per suum dicta-em suosque sacerdotes peregerunt.

documents; cf. adclarassis, 18. 9. - publico: to exclude the case of unauthorized individual action which in lawless times often took place. Diespiter: another name for Jove: cf. Ζεὺς πατήρ, and Dyauspita; so dies is from the same root. porcum: the regular antique sacrifice both for expiatory and oath sacrifices.

9. silice: a survival of the stone age in religion, as the bronze age survived long after the general use of steel. There may be a symbolism in the stone referring to Jupiter himself, from the same confounding of meteoric stones with lightning, from which comes the idea of the thunderbolt. Cf. Iovem lapidem iurare.

sua: Livy conceives the Albans also as having their own peculiar ritual, though probably the usages he recounts were general

rigemini sicut convenerat arma capiunt. ue adhortarentur, deos patrios, patriam Aquid civium domi, quidquid in exercitu arma, illorum intueri manus, feroces et - pleni adhortantium vocibus in medium procedunt. Consederant utrimque pro citus, periculi magis praesentis quam quippe imperium agebatur in tam paucoe fortuna positum. Itaque ergo erecti minime gratum spectaculum animo in

infestisque armis, velut acies, terni am exercituum animos gerentes, concurnec illis periculum suum, publicum umque obversatur animo futuraque ea ortuna quam ipsi fecissent. Vt primo

т.

bearing was like that of two trained 96. c. - deos hosts in battle array, in which the is used by the tactics are uniform, as, for instance, . Translate, in a line of bayonets at charge or of the exhortalevelled lances. - terni: i.e. three nen, who said on each side. - animos: expressing representing their courageous spirit as the prein the direct. ceding expresses their outward apideas are the pearance. - publicum, of their naung men and tion; opposed to suum, and by the duced by the antithesis supplying the want of a nds. - pleni, connective. obversatur, etc.: it ism from, etc. was such moral effects as this that re stationed; especially interested Livy in his hisurae, anxietytory, and, indeed, the Romans of all times. - futura, etc., and the thought that such would be, etc. This compression of an idea into a noun with a participle is characteristic of the Latin; see Gr. 292. a, and p. 314, footnote. The fondness for such expressions increases much in imperial times. - fecissent: subjunctive of indirect discourse standing for future perfect. See Gr. 341.9.

on.

posed to the anger. imagebatur, erecti Brutus, 200. , in hostile ad originally ng which was eneral one. r attitude and

statim concursu increpuere arma micantesque fulsere gladii, horror ingens spectantis perstringit, et neutro nclinata spe torpebat vox spiritusque. Consertis deinde 5 manibus, cum iam non motus tantum corporum agitaHoque anceps telorum armorumque sed vulnera quoque t sanguis spectaculo essent, duo Romani super alium Lius, vulneratis tribus Albanis, exspirantes corruerunt. _d quorum casum cum conclamasset gaudio Albanus 6 Kercitus, Romanas legiones iam spes tota, nondum men cura deseruerat, exanimes vice unius, quem tres uriatii circumsteterant. Forte is integer fuit, ut uni- 7 ersis solus nequaquam par, sic adversus singulos ferox. go ut segregaret pugnam eorum, capessit fugam, ita Eus secuturos ut quemque vulnere adfectum corpus neret. Iam aliquantum spatii ex eo loco ubi pugna- 8 n est aufugerat, cum respiciens videt magnis interlis sequentes, unum haud procul ab sese abesse. In 9 n magno impetu rediit, et dum Albanus exercitus

increpuere: Livy probably ies them as first hurling their ins, which rang on the shields repuere), and then drawing

swords for a hand-to-hand sertis manibus) individual ct. - neutro, etc. i.e. the -nse on account of the evenly ned contest was such that they breathless, and neither party cheer.

anceps: i.e. on each side. am: the swords in attack; rum: the shields in parrying.

nera, etc.: i.e. they could see rokes take effect. - duo Roetc.: the real main clause is in 6; but Livy stops in his at of the situation to tell rent of the duels, and rethe account with a cum