The Immigration Problem - Jeremiah Whipple Jenks, William Jett Lauck - Google grāmatas

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9. Undue Importance Attached to the Social Effects of

W-MANUFACTURING AND MINING COMMUNITIES

1. The Extent to which Immigrant Colonies Exist... 67

2. Types of Immigrant Communities.

3. Segregation of the Immigrant Population.

4. The Significance of Immigrant Communities.

✓ VI-THE IMMIGRANT IN AGRICULTURE

1. The Foreign-Born Farmer in the United States. .. 77

The Races from Northern and Western Europe 77

The Southern and Eastern European Farmer 80

2. Immigrant Agricultural Colonies.

The North and South Italians.

Hebrew Agricultural Communities

3. Polish and Bohemian Farmers

5. The Japanese in the East.

6. Seasonal Agricultural Laborers.

Cranberry Pickers ,

Beet-sugar Laborers

7. Farm Hands and Canning Factory Operatives in the

United States .

VII-IMMIGRANT INSTITUTIONS

1. Unregulated Immigrant Banks

The Term Immigrant Bank a Misnomer

Races as Bankers .

2. The Origin of Immigrant Banks .

Ownership and Organization..

3. Banking Functions-Deposits.

Transmission of Money Abroad

4. The Unsoundness of Immigrant Banks.

Attempts at Regulation

5. Coffee Houses

6. Immigrant Newspapers, Churches, and Schools . . . 113

VIII-LIVING CONDITIONS AND CONGESTION

1. In Great Cities:

Congestion of Population a Serious Evil. . . 115

Methods of Investigation

Length of Residence in United States a Factor 117

Overcrowding in Rooms.

Overcrowding in Sleeping-rooms

Boarders and Lodgers ..

Care of Home: Sanitation

Causes of Congested Districts

2. Industrial Cities and Towns.

"The Boarding Boss System"

Congestion in Sleeping-rooms

Rent in Its Relation to Standard of Living . 131

Tendencies Exhibited by Recent Immigrants. 132

Types of Immigrant Households.

IX-THE STATUS OF IMMIGRANTS IN INDUSTRIES

1. Racial Classification of Industrial Workers.

02. Length of Residence of Immigrant Employees. . . 139

3. Reason for the Employment of Southern and East-

4. Occupations of Immigrants

5. Weekly and Daily Earnings According to Race, Age,

Sex, and Industry :.

Weekly Earnings of Males.

Weekly Earnings of Females

Daily Earnings of Males.

Daily Earnings of Females.

.

6. Annual Earnings According to Race, Age, and Sex . 153

Annual Earnings of Male Heads of Families . 156

7. Annual Family Income

Sources of Family Income.

Old and New Immigration Compared.

X-THE FLOATING IMMIGRANT LABOR' SUPPLY

1. Methods of Securing Work.

The Padrone System

2. Racial Classification of Railroad and Other Construc-

tion Laborers .

3. Period of Residence of Immigrant Workmen in the

5. Characteristics of the Labor Supply

6. Housing and Living Conditions in the West.

7. Working and Living Conditions in the South. 173

8. The Commissary in Southern Camps.

Detention Practises

9. Southern Employers' Preferences for Labor ... 178

10. Maintenance of Law and Order in Southern Camps . 179

11. The Middle States

.

.

XI—THE INMIGRANT AS A DYNAMIC FACTOR IN

1. Salient Characteristics of the Immigrant Labor

Lack of Technical Training.

Illiteracy and Inability to Speak English. 183

Their Necessitous Condition

Low Standards of Living

Lack of Permanent Interest

Tractability of the Immigrant

2. The Inefficiency of the Immigrant Has Encouraged

the Use of Machinery. ..

03. The Employment of the Immigrant Has Changed

the Form of Industrial Organization.

4. Immigration Has Produced Unsatisfactory Condi-

tions of Employment

The Effect of the Recent Immigrant Upon

Standards of Living .

5. The Immigrant and Labor Organizations.

6. Racial Displacement as a Result of Immigrant Com-

7. Immigration Has Checked Increase in Wages . 195

8. General Conclusions ..

XII-EUROPEAN AND MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS ON

THE PACIFIC COAST

1. Assimilation

Are Other Races Inferior?

Race Feeling Elsewhere.

Orientals Not Easily Assimilated.

Form a Separate Class.

Governmental Action of China and Japan. 201

Advantages of Association With Other Na-

Advantages of Association With Educated

2. Population of the Pacific Coast.

Europeans and Mexicans.

Changes Since 1900

Displacement of Americans by European

Unskilled Immigrants.

Knowledge of English

Italian Colonies, Portuguese, etc.

3. Mexicans—Number, etc.

XIII-ORIENTAL IMMIGRATION TO THE PACIFIC

1. The Chinese:

Occupations in Early Years

Wages: Efficiency

Standard of Living.

Anti-Chinese Feeling

2. Present Occupations of Chinese

Salmon Canneries

Laundries: Merchandizing

3. The Japanese

Picture Brides: Proxy Marriages.

Attitude of Governments.

Canada and Japan.

4. Advantages of Japanese Workmen .

Strike-breakers

Japanese Contractors

Advance of Japanese Laborers

Farm Owners and Leaseholders

Domestic Service and Merchandizing.

Societies and Guilds .

Anti-Japanese Feeling

5. The East Indians or Hindus

Immigration from Canada.

Exclusion as Liable to Become Public Charges 237

Unskilled Laborers

Wages and Efficiency

238

Standard of Living

239

Illiteracy

240

Assimilation

240

6. Conclusion:

Demand for Labor .

240

Effect of Competition on Wages

241

Objections to Oriental Immigration Social,

Political

241

They Prevent Immigration of White Races . 242

.

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