Most of the changes suggested in the following bill are the result of the findings of the Immigration Commission. The bill as printed below also shows proposed codifications of existing laws.

This proposed measure repeals the Chinese exclusion laws except so far as they relate to naturalization, and in their place substitutes a general provision which includes all persons from the United States who are not eligible to become citizens of the United States by naturalization. In this connection it should be noted that by a law of 1882, State and Federal courts are forbidden to extend citizenship to the Chinese.

The bill also excludes aliens who can not read or write in some language or dialect. One of the most radical provisions of the bill authorizes the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to give permission for the importation of skilled labor whenever he considers the conditions in the country makes necessary such an importation. Boards of Special Inquiry are to be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and not by the authority of the Commissioner-General, as under the present law. Immigration stations at interior points are provided for, in order to secure a better distribution of the immigrants.

Bill Introduced by Senator Dillingham, of Vermont, August 7, 1911, to amend Public Act No. 96, approved Feb. 20, 1907.

A BILL

To regulate the immigration of aliens to and the residence of aliens in the United States.

SEC. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the word "alien" wherever used in this Act shall in

370

clude any person not a native-born or naturalized citizen of the United States. That the term "United States" as used in the title as well as in the various sections of his Act shall be construed to mean the United States and any waters, territory, or other place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, except the Isthmian Canal Zone; but if any alien shall leave the Canal Zone and attempt to enter any other place under the jurisdiction of the United States, nothing contained in this Act shall be construed as permitting him to enter under any other conditions than those applicable to all aliens. That the term "seamen" as used in this Act, shall include every person signed on the ship's articles and employed in any capacity on board any vessel arriving in the United States from any foreign port or place. That nothing in this Act shall be construed to apply to accredited officials of foreign governments, nor to their suites, families, or guests.

That this Act shall be enforced in the Philippine Islands by officers of the general government thereof designated by appropriate legislation of said government.

SEC. 2. That there shall be levied, collected, and paid a tax of four dollars for every alien, including alien seamen regularly admitted as provided in this Act, entering the United States. The said tax shall be paid to the collector of customs of the port or customs district to which said alien shall come, or, if there be no collector at such port or district, then to the collector nearest thereto, by the master, agent, owner, or consignee of the vessel, transportation line, or other conveyance or vehicle bringing such alien to the United States, or by the alien himself if he does not come by a vessel, transportation line, or other conveyance or vehicle. The tax imposed by this section shall be a lien upon the vessel or other vehicle of carriage or transportation bringing such aliens to the United States, and shall be a debt in favor of the United States against the owner or owners of such vessel or other vehicle, and the payment of such tax may be enforced by any legal or equitable remedy. That the said tax shall not be levied on account of aliens who shall enter the United States after an uninterrupted residence of at least one year, immediately preceding such entrance, in the Dominion of Canada, Newfoundland, the Republic of

Cuba, or the Republic of Mexico, nor on account of otherwise admissible residents of any possession of the United States, nor on account of aliens in transit through the United States, nor upon aliens who have been lawfully admitted to the United States and who later shall go in transit from one part of the United States to another through foreign contiguous territory, nor on account of aliens visiting the United States as tourists or temporarily for business or pleasure, but, to insure against evasion of said tax under these exceptions, the Commissioner-General of Immigration may require the deposit of such tax to be refunded only upon proof of departure of the aliens affected: Provided, That the Commissioner-General of Immigration, under the direction or with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, by agreement with transportation lines, as provided in section twenty-three of this Act, may arrange in some other manner for the payment of the tax imposed by this section upon any or all aliens seeking admission from foreign contiguous territory: Provided further, That said tax when levied upon aliens entering the Philippine Islands shall be paid into the treasury of said islands, to be expended for the benefit of such islands: Provided further, That in the cases of aliens applying for admission from foreign contiguous territory and rejected the head tax collected shall upon application be refunded to the alien: Provided further, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to aliens arriving in Guam, Porto Rico, or Hawaii; but if any such alien, not having become a citizen of the United States, shall later arrive at any port or place of the United States on the North American Continent the provisions of this section shall apply.

SEC. 3. That the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admission into the United States: All idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, epileptics, insane persons, and persons who have been insane within five years previous; persons who have had two or more attacks of insanity at any time previously; paupers; persons likely to become a public charge; professional beggars; vagrants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in any form or with a loathsome or dangerous contagious disease; persons not comprehended

within any of the foregoing excluded classes who are found to be and are certified by the examining surgeon as being mentally or physically defective, such mental or physical defect being of a nature which may affect the ability of such alien to earn a living; persons who have committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude; polygamists, or persons who admit their belief in the practise of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States, or of all organized government, or of all forms of law, or the assassination of public officials; persons who disbelieve in or are opposed to all organized government; persons who are members of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching disbelief in or opposition to all organized government, or who advocate or teach the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers, either of specific individuals or of officers generally, of the Government of the United States or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character; prostitutes, or women or girls coming into the United States for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose; persons who procure or attempt to bring in prostitutes or women or girls for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose; persons hereinafter called contract laborers, who have been induced or solicited to migrate to this country by offers or promises of employment, whether such offers or promises. are true or false, or in consequence of agreements, oral, written, or printed, express or implied, to perform manual labor in this country of any kind, skilled or unskilled; persons who have come in consequence of advertisements for manual laborers printed, published, or distributed in a foreign country; persons who have been deported under any of the provisions of this Act, and who may again seek admission within one year from the date of such deportation, unless prior to their reembarkation at a foreign port, the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall have consented to their reapplying for admission; any person whose ticket or passage is paid for with the money of another, or who is assisted by others to come, unless it is affirmatively and satisfactorily shown that such person does not belong to one of the fore

going excluded classes; persons whose ticket or passage is paid for by any corporation, association, society, municipality, or foreign government, either directly or indirectly; stowaways, except that any such stowaway may be admitted in the discretion of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor; all children under sixteen years of age, unaccompanied by one or both of their parents, at the discretion of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, or under such regulations as he may from time to time prescribe; all male aliens sixteen years of age or over, who are physically capable of reading and writing, but who are unable to read and write in some language or dialect, such aliens to be tested in this regard in accordance with methods and rules to be prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, but an admissible alien may bring in or send for his father or grandfather over fifty-five years of age, or a son not over eighteen years of age, otherwise admissible, whether said father or grandfather or son are able to read and write or not. This provision, however, shall not apply to citizens of Canada, Newfoundland, Cuba, the Bermudas, or Mexico, nor to alien residents of continental United States returning from foreign contiguous territory after a temporary sojourn therein, nor to aliens in continuous transit through the United States, nor to the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands, Guam, Porto Rico, or Hawaii, except as hereinafter provided, nor to aliens arriving in the Philippine Islands, Guam, Porto Rico, or Hawaii, but if any such alien, not having become a citizen of the United States, shall later arrive at any port or place of the United States on the North American continent, the reading and writing requirement shall apply; unless otherwise excluded, persons who are not eligible to become citizens of the United States by naturalization. This provision, however, shall not apply to persons of the following status or occupations: Government officers, ministers or religious teachers, missionaries, lawyers, physicians, chemists, engineers, teachers, students, authors, editors, journalists, merchants, bankers, capitalists, and travelers for curiosity or pleasure, nor to their legal wives or their children under sixteen years of age who shall accompany them or who subsequently may apply for admission to the United States, but such persons or their legal