Branch 4. DICOTYLEDONS. Embryo with two cotyledons, &c. Sub-branch 1. Angiosperma. Ovules in an ovary. Ser. 1. Gamopetala. Monopetalous. §1. Perigynæ. Stamens and corolla inserted on a calyx adhering to the ovary. §2. Hypogynæ. Stamens and corolla inserted under the ovary. The great faults of this arrangement, in bringing Amentaceous into contact with Leguminous plants, in separating Chloranths from Pepperworts, Myrtleblooms from Hippurids, and many such instances, need not be insisted on. Such a system cannot be founded on sound principles. It has, however, merits, and is decidedly the most forward step that the Botanists of the Modern French School have yet taken. The abandonment of the Apetals of Jussieu is more especially important. 1843. MEISNER, Carl Friedrich.—(Plantarum vascularium genera secundum Ordines naturales digesta, eorumque differentiæ et affinitates tabulis diagnosticis expositæ.) In the beginning of this large and useful work Professor Meisner intended to follow nearly the order observed by De Candolle in his Prodromus; and accordingly he commenced without any plan for throwing the Natural Orders into higher groups. But as he advanced in his labour he found the inconvenience of neglecting the latter, and, as early as p. 13, he commenced with his Class Malpighinæ. His final views are given in a Conspectus diagnosticus, the skeleton of which is the following: 1843. Class 30. Tubiflora. { Phalerieæ Elæagneæ, 257 †† Monochlamyds. Class 34. Serpentaria. Class 35. Tricocca. II. MONOCOTYLEDONS. Butomeæ, 208 Class 43. Scitaminea. Zingiberaceæ, 165 Class 44. Ensata. Burmanniaceæ, 171 Trideæ, 159 Hæmodoraceæ, 151 Class 45. Conorariæ. Pontederaceæ, 206 B. CELLULAR PLANTS. III. ACOTYLEDONS. Scrophularines, 681 Orobancheæ, 609 Utricularieæ, 686 Globularieæ, 666 Artocarpeæ, 269 Betulaceæ, 251 Ulmaceæ, 580 Class 37. Piperinæ. Chlorantheæ, 519 Class 38. Conifera. Gnetaceæ, 232 Cupressineæ, 226 Abietineæ, 226 Taxineæ, 230 Cycadeæ, 223 Class 46. Enantioblastæ. Commelynacere, 188 Class 47. Glumace. Cyperaceae, 117 HORANINOW, Paul.-(Tetractys Naturæ, seu systema quadrimembre omnium naturalium.) In this work the views of the author, as expressed nine years before in his Prima linea (p. xliv.), are repeated with some modifications of detail. His 4th Circle, or Spermophore, are called Euspermæ, and the number of the Alliances, called Orders, much increased. They are, moreover, distinguished by the termination astra, as Rutastra, Araliastra, &c. No distinctive characters are proposed for any of the groups, so that means are not afforded by the learned author of judging of the principles which have guided him in the details of his classification. 1844. JUSSIEU, Adrien de.—(Cours Élémentaire d'Histoire Naturelle: Botanique.) This little work contains all the Natural Orders of plants now admitted, arranged on the plan of Jussieu, by his son. It is therefore the most recent exposition of the views of the learned authors. In addition to the names, an analysis of their distinctive characters is introduced in the original, to which a student may be usefully referred. The arrangement is not however extracted, because it is merely artificial, and contrived for the purpose of finding a plant easily; in which respect it may be compared to the Artificial Analysis affixed to the present work. 1845. LINDLEY, John.-(The Vegetable Kingdom, &c.) The following is the system employed in the present Work : Fructification springing from a thallus. Fructification springing from a stem. Wood of stem youngest in the centre; cotyledon single. Leaves parallel-veined, permanent; wood of the stem always confused V. DICTYOGENS. Wood of stem youngest at the circumference, always concentric; cotyledons 2 or more. Seeds inclosed in seed-vessels. VI. GYMNOGENS. Class I. THALLOGENS. ALLIANCES OF THALLOGENS 1. ALGALES.-Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their whole surface by the medium in which they vegetate; living in water or very damp places; propagated by zoospores, coloured spores, or tetraspores. 2. FUNGALES.-Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their thallus (spawn or mycelium); living in air; propagated by spores, colourless or brown, and sometimes inclosed in asci; destitute of green gonidia 3. LICHENALES.-Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their whole surface by the medium in which they vegetate; living in air; propagated by spores usually inclosed in asci; and always having green gonidia in their thallus. ALLIANCE 1. ALGALES, p. 8. NATURAL ORDERS OF THALLOGENS. Crystalline, angular, fragmentary bodies, brit-) tle, and multiplying by spontaneous separa- 1. Diatomaceæ or Brittleworts, p. 12 tion Vesicular, filamentary or membranous bodies, multiplied by zoospores generated in the inte- 2. Confervaceæ or Confervas, p. 14 Cellular or tubular unsymmetrical bodies, 3. Fucacea or Seaweeds, p. 20 Tubular symmetrically branched bodies, multi 4. Ceramiacea or Rosetangles, p. 23 plied by spiral coated nucules, filled with 5. Characea or Charads, p. 26 ALLIANCE 2. FUNGALES, p. 29. Spores generally quaternate on distinct sporo- ( Spores generally quaternate on distinct sporo- 9. Hyphomycetes, Botrytacea, or Mildews. Spores naked, often septate. Thallus floccose asci Morels. Spores surrounded by a vesicular veil, or spo- (11. Physomycetes, Mucoracea, or ALLIANCE 3. LICHENALES, p. 45. Moulds. p. 29 Nucleus breaking up into naked spores. 12. Graphidaceae, or Letter-Lichens. Nucleus bearing asci; thallus homogeneous, 13. Collemacea or Jelly-Lichens. Nucleus bearing asci; thallus heterogeneous, 14. Parmeliacea or Leaf-Lichens. 45 |