"

and criminals, than should we welcome an
armed mob of Fiji islanders bent only on
spoil and plunder. There is no excuse for
time-serving or tergiversation. It is not a
political question, but one of morals and
righteousness. Already it is understood that
the Six Companies in San Francisco, and the
Highbinders," aided, unwittingly perhaps, by
the Chinese missionary societies, are bringing
every influence, coupled with threats, to
estop legislation to this end. We profess no
respect for the alleged humanitarianism of the
missionary societies. Charity ought to have a
little patriotism in it, and no man will dispute
the statement that the influx of Chinese would
be a blow to Americanism. The cry that "the
Chinese must go" ought to be repeated in
tones much louder than it was ten and twelve
years ago. The Chinese must stay in their
Have we not been struggling
own country.
these years to build up the best coun-
try under the sky? Have we not found
it necessary to restrict pauper immigra-
tion and contract labor? What then
Shall the gates be opened and this race,
avaricious, without an iota of moral sense,
sending back the bones of friends to be
buried in the festering soil of China, be
allowed to come in unrestricted? Our

experience with the Chinese has not been
pleasing. They have added nothing to
our wealth, given nothing to science,
been concerned in no enterprises, and
only in rare instances embraced the
Christian religion or donned the garb of
civilization. Tighter yet should the lines
be drawn. Already there is a crusade against
the contaminating influences brought to bear
upon the girls who teach the Chinese in the
New York schools, by contact with these
lecherous and naturally immoral Mongolians.
Every labor union, every organization which
has for its object the preservation or better-
ment of our institutions, ought to pile in the
petitions to Congress, to restrict forever this
tide which only awaits the 6th of next May to
sweep down upon us.

gone to live with his brother, and left him | either case, the first attempt at constitutional
roofless and penniless. He has now nothing government in the farthest East has failed piti--
to eat and no roof to his head, nor can he des- fully. The principle of popular government is-
cry any chink inviting escape through the thick destroyed from the moment when the execu-
walls which misfortune has built up around tive power can at its pleasure suppress the leg-
him. A fifth farmer went to town to sell his islative power, and the electors are given to
oats, and purchased sorrow and ruin with the understand that they will be deprived of their
proceeds. It appears that he went into a franchise if their representatives do not vote in
kabak to have a drink and did not leave the conformity with the wishes of the Mikado and
place till he had squandered every penny he his Ministers. There would be something
had realized by the sale of his produce. The laughable in this misadventure were it not a
general evils are in like manner more wide- sad thing to see an attempt at progress and
reaching and intense in their effects than any civilization prove an abortion. The failure is
bad harvest, for they include dearth of land, due to the facts that the Government (perhaps)
destructive periodical conflagrations, ruinous did not understand what it bound itself to in
quarrels, drunkenness, and utter dejection, decreeing a constitutional régime, and that the
bordering upon despair.
opposition, misunderstanding the part it had
to play, has pushed its opposition to a foolish
and unreasonable extent.

WHY THE EGYPTIAN SITUATION
CAUSES UNEASINESS.

THE BRAZILIAN SITUATION.

SO.

Brazilian secu

Berlin National-Zeitung, Jan. 8.-The position of Egypt has always been remarkable New York Evening Post, Jan. 21.-The because of that country's peculiar relations to latest outbreak in Brazil appears to be of no the Porte. It was made even more remark-importance, except as testifying to the political able by the financial obligations to European unrest which continues to prevail in the councreditors which Ismail, the father of the late Khedive, heaped upon the realm. And the tion to Fonseca, in his retirement, to learn It could have brought no great consolatry. very uncommon importance of Egyptian con- that a lot of escaped convicts were unani-ditions and doings has been considerably in- mously demanding his restoration to power. creased since England, about the end of the This comic aspect of the affair and of the preyear 1875, taking advantage with sudden ceding revolutionary occurrences does not, resolution of the financial straits of Ismail, however, obscure the serious side of the matter. purchased all the Suez Canal shares in his pos- Brazilian trade and finances are suffering from session, amounting to 80,000,000 marks, and these repeated disturbances, and the "bloodthus became the real master of the Egyptian less' " nature of Brazilian revolutions does. situation. This act was followed, in 1882, by uot prevent investors from fighting shy the occupation of Egypt by British troops, and of the bonds of the actual assumption of the Government of the often indulges in them. country that country by English officials and commanders. rities have steadily fallen on the London Hence Egypt, raised to a place of permanent market during the past few months. Other international importance through the opening indications, too, point to the bad effect of the of the Suez Canal, is the cause of continuing country's unstable political equilibrium upon differences between. France and England; and commerce. Thus the Rio customs receipts since the first-mentioned Power, relying upon fell off more than one-third in the month of the firm support of Russia-especially as November, the time when Fonseca was having against England-has once more undertaken his fling as Dictator. One of the discreditable an active foreign policy, her endeavors to acts of the last days of his régime has just come throw difficulties in England's way in Egypt to light. He ordered the Rothschilds in Lonare once more noticeable. In such circum- don to transfer to the credit of a Rio bank the stances the decease of the very pliable and £2,500,000 in gold which they held as a deposit SOME CAUSES OF THE DISTRESS IN peaceloving Khedive, Tewfik, who was quite to meet maturing coupons of Brazilian bonds. controlled by England, is an event of no com- This the Rothschilds bluntly refused to do, evident that France will not permit the oppor- had no legal right to do it, and partly because mon significance; for it is, so to speak, self-partly because they were advised that they tunity to pass by without making an endeavor they were confident that the Dictatorship to regain the influence in Egypt that was so would not last many days. lightly frittered away. She can count upon the aid of Russia at Constantinople; and, therefore, it is not hard to understand why the death news from Cairo for many reasons awakens feelings of uneasiness as to the future.

FOREIGN.

RUSSIA.

Count Leo Tolstoi, in the New York World, Jan. 25.-It is evident to anyone acquainted with the condition of the Russian peasantry that this extreme poverty is not the result of any one cause and certainly not the direct consequence of a bad harvest. Indeed, it would be hard to deny that the failure of the crops this year is but a trifling disappointment in comparison with the special causes of misery to which each individual family is exposed, and in comparison with the calamities common to the entire body of the Russian peasantry, which have gradually reduced them to their present terrible condition. The private misfortunes of each individual family are numerous and each of them is incomparably heavier to bear than a bad harvest. Thus the exelder's trouble was that he had to pay back the stolen money in installments every four months and was forced to sell his oats in order to raise the money. The present elder's affliction consisted in his having been appointed to the office of elder. For, being a skillful carpenter, he can earn £6 a year by plying his trade, and he counts on this money as one of the main items of his budget. But the duties of his new office will hinder him from following his calling, while his salary will amount to only 30 shillings a year. Another peasant's cross assumed the form of an old debt which he was forced to wipe out now of all years, and he had no choice but to sell three of the four wooden walls of his hut and burn the fourth as fuel. At present he has not whereon to lay his head, and he is making what haste he can to plaster up a little cell for himself and his wife and children. A fourth farmer had quarrelled with his mother, who had separated from him in consequence,

THE LIQUOR ISSUE.

CARDINAL MANNING AND THE
TEMPERANCE CAUSE.

JAPAN AND HER PARLIAMENT. L'Indépendance Belge (Brussels), Jan. 8.The introduction of parliamentary institutions The Union Signal (Chicago), Jan. 21.-An in the farthest East does not seem to have been ecclesiastical dignitary, stepping out of the a success. The Chamber of Representatives atmosphere of the Archiepiscopal Palace to created by the new Japanese Constitution met mediate for the wage-earner, a Cardinal priest, for the first time in November, 1890, for a holding out helping hands to protect the term of four years. Scarcely thirteen months sacredness of womanhood, and uplifted to join have elapsed, and the legislature has been sud- in the mighty conflict against the drink traffic, denly and arbitrarily dissolved, the Govern- are pictures which are rarely limned in the ment of the Mikado not having been able to gallery of history. Cardinal Manning's devorule the country in connection with the Cham- tion to the temperance cause was ever enthusiber. The popular party therein took its rôle of astic. His advocacy of Local Option-the opposition very seriously, and practiced ob- measure which in England is believed to be structionism with a zeal and ardor worthy of the stepping-stone to Prohibition-was based the unmanageable protagonists of Home Rule on his knowledge of the deep injustice of her in the English Parliament. These Japanese license laws. "What I claim is," he said, fire-eaters refused to vote money enough to "that if a rich man has by right of property carry on the ordinary machinery of govern- the power to put away the pestilence from his ment, and made themselves a nuisance in all door, the poor man shall have by power of sorts of ways. The Government did not con- law the right to do the same." Ever ready to tent itself with dissolving the Chamber, but by come forward on every platform where simple Imperial decree promulgated most of humanity's wrongs were to be redressed, the the measures which the recalcitrant legislature grave, ascetic face gave that best benediction, had rejected. We do not know whether par- his prayers and sympathy, to the meetings in liamentary institutions have been finally sus- which he spoke with Mrs. Josephine Butler, pended in Japan, or whether the Government W. T. Stead, John Burns, and Sir Wilfrid has done arbitrary acts while waiting for a new Lawson-true Catholicity, which if better election of members of the Chamber. In understood would build the Church of Rome

sion of Peter's rock.

YOUNG.

The Voice (Jan. 28) prints the following letter:

Dear Children in Jesus Christ: "The hope of the harvest is in the seed." The children of to-day are the men and women of the future; that is, the population. The childhood of to-day is the seed-time of their after life. The first habits formed in childhood, as a rule, will govern their whole after life even to their death bed. On whom do these early habits depend? Chiefly and supremely on their parents. The habits of the children are formed, to a great extent, in the first years, before as yet they are responsible. And when a single seed is cast into their heart, it will strike root, probably, never to be plucked up. If it be good, it may be raised and ripened into a manhood or womanhood full of goodness; if it be evil, then a harvest of evil almost surely will spring up; for a child's heart is like the earth, the first seeds sown draw its earliest strength for good or evil.

on surer foundations than the exclusive posses- tion to Prohibition is just where Governor | dinal Manning what he was. A wealthy home, Boies's message, perhaps inadvertently, reveals five years at Harrow under old Dr. George -namely, in the conviction of the grogshop Butler, Balliol in its palmiest days, a high deCARDINAL MANNING ON THE TRAINING OF THE interest that the rum traffic should be just gree and its consequent Fellowship, political as free as the traffic in dry goods and and secular ambitions of no common kind; a groceries. The grogshop interest resents marriage brilliantly though all too briefly all restraint - license, when it is licensed, happy, and all the social advantages which it as well as Prohibition, when prohibited. brought; the charge of a country parish, and an Give it an inch and it will take forty rods, early initiation into ecclesiastical rulership; all besides forty-rod whiskey. The great issue these experiences had made Henry Manning, in Boston, New York, and other large cities to- by the time of his momentous change, an His subseday is the enforcement of the license laws now accomplished man of the world. grossly violated. The liquor question lies at quent career, though of course it superadded the basis of municipal reform. The alterna- certain characteristics of its own, never oblittive which the Iowa saloon interest champions, erated or even concealed the marks left by that it is better to repeal a law because it is un- those earlier phases, and at eighty the Cardienforced in some cities, is an idea whose nor-nal was a beautifully mannered, shrewd, sagamal climax is general nullification. The great cious old gentleman, who, but for his dress, issue in American municipal life is not to di- would have passed for a Cabinet Minister, an minish lawlessness by legalizing it, but by eminent Judge, or a great county magnate. enforcing the laws against the saloon, the panderer, and the gambling-hell, in the cities as well as in the country. This result will come when the saloon interest is no longer able to beat the forces of moral suasion in detail by dividing them into political camps on purely moral, and reform, and police questions that touch the National issues of silver coinage and tariff no more than they touch foreordination or transubstantiation.

There are families in which the happiness of parents is wrecked by the intemperance of a son, and sometimes even of a daughter. Who sowed the first seed of this bitter harvest? Is it the parents or the children? Certainly not the children, who for so many years were simply passive in the hands of their parents. Who gave them the first taste of intoxicating drink, out of which has sprung the feverish thirst and the governing passion of intemperance? If the fathers and mothers of this generation had been trained up without so much as the taste of intoxicating drink, the homes of to-day would be happy in temperance, parental authority, and filial affection. If the children of to-day are trained up in temperance, such will be the homes and parents of the next generation.

For these and other reasons, too many to give now, I earnestly call on fathers and mothers to bring up their children without the temptation or even the taste of any intoxicating drink. Prevention is better than cure. Keep them from the taste, and you will guard them from the temptation. Give to your children the leave and liberty to refuse all intoxicating drinks. Let them enroll themselves in the Children's Guild. Our good priests will, with your leave, enroll them; and you will take care in your own homes to guard against anything that can endanger their perseverance in this counsel of a higher life, which will be your consolation when you leave them in your last hour. Yours affectionately in Jesus Christ,

HENRY EDWARD,

Cardinal Archbishop.

If any

..UMOCRACY ON DECK AT ALBANY.
Bonfort's Wine and Spirit Circular (New
York), Jan. 25.-The Excise Committee of
the Assembly is very fairly made up.
thing, it is loaded," as the new Albany
phrase is, in the interest of those who would
like to see a just revision of the Excise laws
of the State. No countrymen are on it, while,
at the same time, no one district of the
State, such as New York or Brooklyn, is
given undue influence. The members have
been selected from all the large cities of the
State, with the exception of Rochester. The
Chairman is Mr. Foley of New York, a man of
honor and integrity, and as liberal as the New
York members always are. Other members are
Mr. Ott of Brooklyn, Mr. Goldberg of Buffalo,
Mr. Haley of Utica, Mr. Gorman of Albany,
Mr. Rice of Kingston, Mr. McCormick of
Newburg. These gentlemen are all Demo-
crats. Of the Republicans there are Mr. Con-
rady of Brooklyn, Mr. Wills of New York,
Mr. Listman of Syracuse, and Mr. Clark of
Buffalo. A glance at the localities whence
these men come will convince anyone that if
these men correctly represent the sentiments
of their constituents, they will never vote for
some of the bills said to be in preparation by
those whose sole claim to political existence is
that they wish to regulate the food and drink
of their brethren. There is even a possibility
that a fair measure may be reported unani-
mously from this body. Certainly, they will
never agree on one that is harsh and unjust.

VIOLATION OF LICENSE LAWS. Lewiston Journal, Jan. 21.—Governor Boies, the Democratic executive of Iowa, condemns the Prohibitory Law of that State because, though it is well enforced in some places, it is disregarded in other places. Governor Boies, if consistent, would for an identical reason wipe off the statute-books all license legislation. The license laws are nullified in the large cities more completely than Prohibition at any point in Iowa. The true basis of the opposi

MISCELLANEOUS.

CHARACTERISTICS

the man first.

OF CARDINAL

MANNING.

EARTHQUAKE SOUNDS.

Japan Gazette (Yokohama), Dec. 10.-Professor Sekeya, the distinguished seismologist, recently tendered to the President of the Imperial University for publication in the Official Gazette an address concerning the ominous sounds so often spoken of in connection with the recent earthquakes. "The provinces of Mino and Owari," says the professor, “which were recently visited by a great earthquake, are still experiencing slight shocks and ominous rumbling sounds. The causes of these latter being unknown, various assumptions have been put forward asserting that the sounds were sent forth by certain mountains, and so From an article " By One Who Knew Him," on. This has caused the majority of people in London Daily News, Jan. 16.—If I am asked the provinces to feel more terrified and what characteristics struck me most forcibly, alarmed than ever, and it is this that has inof course one must put the physical aspect of duced me to put forward an explanation. I He appeared very much older am not going to say that the sounds are the than he was, and considerably more ascetic, omen of another great earthquake, nor that for he looked as if, like the Cardinal in "Lo- they are the rumblings of mountains; but I thair," he lived on biscuits and soda-water, will explain so that everyone can understand. whereas he had a hearty appetite for his mid- Rumbling is frequently heard both prior to day meal, and, in his own words, "enjoyed and after slight earthquake shocks, and those his tea." Still he carried the irreducible mini- which precede the shocks are usually taken by mum of flesh on his bones, and his hollow the people as a caution and a warning. Rumbcheeks and shrunken jaws threw his massive lings are also heard continually after great forehead into curious prominence. His feat-earthquakes, a fact of which we have many ures were absolutely faultless in their statu- examples, and there are old men still living who esque regularity, but his face was saved from remember the continual rumbling which folthe insipidity of too great perfection by the lowed the great earthquake in the Ansei era; imperious, rather ruthless, lines of his mouth, whilst my own practical experiences of the and the penetrating lustre of his deep-set eyes. Kumamoto earthquake, which I investigated His dress, a black cassock edged and buttoned personally, go to show the same thing. There with crimson, with a crimson skull-cap and are several causes. On some occasions severe biretta, and a pectoral cross of gold, enhanced rumbling is occasioned by the water in the the picturesqueness of his aspect; and as he ground, which having become vapor is again entered the ante-room where one awaited his condensed. This is limited to volcanic and approach, the most Protestant knee instinctively hot-spring districts, but the provinces affected bent. His dignity was astonishing. The position in this instance were not of either class. of a Cardinal, with a princely rank recognized of the chief causes relating to the recent abroad, but formally ignored in England, is a rumbling is the combination of sounds difficult one to carry off, but his exquisite tact caused by the ground, trees, houses, and everyenabled him to sustain it to perfection. He thing shaken by the earthquake, and another never put himself forward, never asserted his cause is the friction of the rocks in the ground rank, never exposed himself to rebuffs; still he in their tendency to break each other in case always contrived to be the most conspicuous of shocks. In the opinion of students the figure in any company which he entered, and, chief cause is the slight motion of the ground crewhether one greeted him with the homage due ated at the instance of the earthquake, and espeto a Prince of the Church, or merely with the cially prior to the shocks, developing a sound in respect which no one refuses to a courtly old the air, and it is all but decided that the slightgentleman, his manner was equally easy, est shocks will cause a rumbling, as they are natural, and unembarrassed. The fact that very numerous and cause a sound more rethe Cardinal's name was, after due considera-markable in force than the severest shocks. I tion, inserted in the Royal Commission on the will now explain why the rumbling sound is Housing of the Poor, immediately after that of heard prior to the earthquakes. It is a fact the Prince of Wales, and before Lord Salis- well known that the transmission of the force bury's, was only a formal recognition of a social of the shocks is very rapid, and that the transprecedence which the Cardinal's tact and judg-mission of the force of the lighest movements ment had already made his own. He was, in which are imperceptible to us is quicker than truth, a very fine old English gentleman. Be than that of those which we perceive. Supit far from me to disparage the ordinary type of pose that a shock occurs in a certain district, Roman ecclesiastic, who is bred in a seminary, we hear a rumbling and feel the motion beand spends, perhaps, his lifetime in a religious cause the slightest shock reached us first. In community. That peculiar training produces the case of the great earthquake the districts often enough a character of saintliness and un- near the center of the disturbance experienced worldly virtue on which one can only gaze the most frequent rumbling, because they were with reverent admiration. But it was a very shaken by the vertical motion, which is thought different experience of life that had made Car- to have been influential in causing the rumb

One

ling, the vertical motion being slight and rapid. | ance of not less than three of his literary contemporaries" that these "Personals" have In the recently devastated districts the sub-acquaintances." He visits New York, where been more instrumental than any other single terranean action is continuing at present as a "he feels he will most likely -not certainly cause, except misery, in demoralizing the result of the strata which were disturbed being -"find," not create, "the character" he people and promoting dives? Aye, the dives still in a disturbed state. The present rumb- wishes to present. We hardly think that Mr. must go; that is, misery must go, and in its lings are not the omen of another visitation or Howells will thank his friend for revealing the train our esteemed contemporaries."-The mountain disturbance." methods of his work. Nor was it necessary. People (Socialist, New York). The works themselves show that they are mere manufacture and by the most mechanical Whether it is worth means and processes. while to work up and hammer out these

THE LITERATURE OF THE COMMON. Saturday Review (London).—All the literature which has been born to live, all good literature from Homer to Howells, exists merely by virtue of its successful dealing with the

common. Those emotions which we all share

"stories" Mr. Howells can best judge by the
Such
profit he has derived from his labors.
works" are generally more profitable to the
manufacturer than they are to the reader.

with Hector and Helen, with Antigone, and
Joseph and his brethren, and the slaves of
Plautus and Terence, are the really common, LUCK.-To what extent superstition holds
the truly human. Were it not so, ancient lit-sway in the mind of the average man can only
erature would charm nobody; its charm lies in be guessed at, as even those who profess to be
its power to make us all akin and prove our superior to its influence have generally one
kindred. The special, the local, the eccentric vulnerable point in which they are dominated
is the stuff of no good literature; it is as evan- by one or the other numerous dicta held in
escent as the fun of the New Humor. These esteem by its votaries. A curious circumstance
remarks are great palpable truisms, yet Mr. came to my knowledge recently which is de-
Higginson and writers like Mr. Higginson serving of record, as showing that really few
talk as if America were the cradle of the men are entirely free from a morbid belief in
genius for the common, as if Mr. Howells, the lucky or unlucky effects of certain actions.
in this regard, had plied the profession of I had occasion to enter a well-known wine
the mother of Socrates, and brought the dem- establishment just off Cornhill at a time when
ocratic infant of literature into the world. it is usual to find it crowded with custom, and
The cause of this illusion is that Mr. Howells, hardly a seat vacant. To my surprise it was
like many persons before and many who are only very sparsely attended, only half a dozen,
to follow, writes about the emotions of sewing- at most, being present. Whilst sipping a glass
women and schoolgirls. The emotions of a of claret, and meditating as to the reason of its
schoolgirl, or of a girl who ought to have apparent decline, I happened to glance at
been at school, were not inadequately analyzed the entrance-approached by a flight of steps-
by Shakespeare in the notorious case of Juliet. and observed that across these were laid two
Common people," in the peculiarly vulgar ladders by men who were engaged in cleaning
sense of the word, are the themes of Burns, of the windows. It struck me that here lay the
Galt, of other writers born before America cause, and I at once told the manager my idea.
had given us greater ones. It is a republican Whilst deprecating anything so absurd, I no-
prejudice to think that literature is either bet- ticed that he went outside and had them altered
ter or worse in proportion as it is occupied in such a manner as to allow the entrance of
with this or that social class. Nobody described anyone so disposed without going uuderneath.
the life of indigent fishermen better than The- Within twenty minutes, during which time I
ocritus, who assuredly discovered the com- was curious enough to keep watch, the place
mon (in that sense) some years before Mr. How- was filled up. This shows, I think, pretty
ells. So did as many authors as anyone chooses conclusively the widespread belief in the bad
to enumerate. The excellence of literary luck of passing underneath a ladder, and whilst
workmanship is the only thing needful; all claiming to be free from all bias of this char-
classes, all modes of life, are subjects equally acter, I may mention that I am the possessor
good, if the work is good. To think the oppo- of a florin with a hole in it, which I would not
site is merely to be a snob with a difference. take five pounds for.-Money (London).
MR. HOWELLS'S MANUFACTURING

PROCESSES.

a

OBITUARY.

JOSEPH P. BRADLEY.

The

Belletrisches Journal (New York), Jan. 27.Supreme Justice Bradley, who has just died at an advanced age, was a good jurist, but he was Judge who never lost the character of a political partisan when he drew the robes of office about him. Therefore his name will never be mentioned with the names of the really great lawyers of the Nation who sat on the same exalted bench before him and with him. decisions in the two celebrated cases [the Legal Tender case and the Electoral Commission] in which he participated so prominently have had unwholesome influences upon our business, social, and political life, which have borne many bad fruits and are still operating injuriously. The former undoubting confidence in the non-partisanship and firmness of our highest Court was shaken, as was the faith in the perfect wisdom and security of our political institutions.

Philadelphia Press, Jan. 23.-In the death of Joseph P. Bradley the Federal Supreme Bench loses an able and upright Judge, who in his twenty-one years of faithful and efficient service has had to live down two periods of hostile criticism. His appointment, with that of Justice Strong-followed, as it was, by a reversal of the Legal Tender decision-at once raised the cry of "packed Court." His decisive vote in favor of Hayes in the Electoral Commission again stirred up the hostile criticism and abuse of those whose desires were not met by the judgment of the Commission. We do not believe that any reasonable man doubts that Justice Bradley followed his honest conviction in both these crucial cases. That his motives were impeached and judgment challenged were of the inevitable evils attending the decision of exciting political questions by the Bench. Justice Bradley vouchsafed no reply to his critics, but his whole life before and since attests the honesty and sincerity of his purpose. He has most worthily filled the high office of Justice of the Supreme Bench, and President Harrison will be fortunate if he finds a successor in every way so well equipped for the responsible station.

JOHN COUCH ADAMS.

as the codiscoverer with Leverrier of the

CARLYLE AND LADY ASHBURTON.-A writer in an English periodical thinks that he has discovered the reason for Carlyle's devotion to Lady Ashburton. Mrs. Carlyle, he says, told him that Lady Ashburton treated her husband "with anything but the respect which he was in the habit of receiving.' This, the writer thinks, made him stand in awe of her, and with Carlyle awe was akin to admiration. Now this New York Sun, Jan. 23.-The death of may be the true explanation; but I cannot see John Couch Adams, announced yesterday, why it should be, for certainly Carlyle was not removes a remarkable figure from among the in the habit of receiving very great deference astronomers of our time. Adams was known from his wife. The sensation of being commanded was not new to him. His wife no planet Neptune. The story of that discovery doubt respected him, but if biography is to be is classic in the annals of astronomy. Its wonrelied upon, she spoke pretty sharply to him derful blending of imagination, with matheat times. Mr. Froude agrees with Mrs. Car-matical analysis of the highest order, and the lyle, in the matter of Lady A.; for he speaks of dramatic confirmation of the mathematician's the peremptory style of her ladyship's prediction furnished by the actual telescopic notes to the philosopher, which were rather discovery of the mysterious planet, which like the commands of a sovereign than the they, with the fine vision of the mind, easy communications of friendship." Lord had traced in its far-away orbit, tugHoughton-the late peer-does not agree with ging invisible at its sister planets, either of these opinions, for he says that Lady Ashburton's attitude towards Carlyle was "one of filial respect and duteous admiration." It is, however, two against one in favor of the peremptory" manner of the great lady in her intercourse with the sage.—The Critic 46 How (New York).

Edward W. Bok, in the Epoch (New York). -Few would believe the infinite care and the time which Mr. Howells spenüs on his stories. After he has a plot pretty well defined in his mind, he goes in search of material and characters. The latter, for the most part, are taken from daily life. He never composes a line until he has every character for his story, and every incident in it carefully thought out. Then he goes to his typewriting machine, and composes directly upon it, never using pen or pencil, except for interlineations after a chapter is finished. The novelist is an expert at the typewriter, and manipulates the keys in the most approved fashion. His search for facts is often long and tedious. I happen to know of a story upon which he is soon to be at work, and the patient care with which he is seeking out people and places therefor surprise those who are his guides and assistants in the work. For this particular story he has drawn upon the assistance of not less than three literary acquaintances, and with them he visits places in New York where he feels he will most likely find the character he is seeking. New York Morning Advertiser.-A con

"

tributor to the current number of the Epoch
tells the readers of that journal
Howells Writes His Stories." After he has a
plot pretty well defined in his mind,
"he goes
THE WAR ON THE DIVES, AND SOME OF
in search of material and characters," from THE WARRIORS WHO FIGURED IN IT.-A great
which it is evident that these essentials do not war against the dives of New York City has
come to him; in other words, that he has no recently been carried on by some of our highly
inspiration for his work. "His search for moral papers, which thrive upon that sort of
facts is often long and tedious." For one par- disgusting advertisements known as "Person-
ticular story" he has drawn upon the assist-als." Did it ever occur to our "esteemed

has always appealed to every reader with the fascination of a romance. That discovery, effected upward of half a century ago, may be regarded as the culminating achievement in modern times of the Old Astronomy, the astronomy that strove chiefly to interpret

Le

the mathematical laws of the universe. verrier, dying in 1877, saw only the dawn of the New Astronomy, which is now revealing to us the secrets of the physical constitution of the universe, but his great English rival, surviving him barely fifteen years, had during his last days a foretaste of discoveries that bid fair to exalt the knowledge of man beyond the imagination of former ages.