precisely what would be embraced in the new order of things so warmly advocated. With the exception of an individual indorsement of Mr. Henry George's single-tax theory, there does not seem to have been a tangible proposition of any sort enunciated. Mr. Bellamy has given distinctness of detail to his dream of the blessings of Socialism. But in his case the definition of terms has certainly not had the effect to commend his project to the average judgment. To know the ground on which we take our stand is the only way of being intelligently sure of our ground.

the terrible consequences to the individual | who stood in the background, but who hopes
which go with a denial of the faith of Chris- to come to the front next year. In other
tianity. Yet Protestantism is unquestionably words, the sole purpose in view has been to
determined to modify the theory of the gov- tell the people of this country that they shall
ernment of God, so that it shall be reconcilable vote on this and that issue, for this or that
with the present sensitive aversion to the inflic- man, in 1892, and for no other issue and no
tion of pain on man or beast. That resolute other man. The caucus was divided into
purpose is at the bottom of the theological Cleveland and Hill camps and was engaged in
controversy which is now raging throughout nothing more nor less than a struggle to jam
Protestant orthodoxy.-New York Sun, down the throats of the country the candidacy
Dec. 4.
of two men, each of whom is planning to spend
the next four years in the White House. The
people already see through the game and have
become restless.

POLITICAL.

the Secretary of the Treasury had been submitted to
[Neither the President's Message nor the Report of
Congress at the time when these columns were
finished. The comments printed this week on the
outcome of the Speakership fight are from Eastern
papers exclusively, because Tuesday's Western papers
had not been received when this number of THE
ERARY DIGEST went to press.]

THE SPEAKERSHIP RESULT.
Mr. Crisp, in his speech to the Democratic
caucus last Monday evening, after his nomin-
ation for the Speakership, said:

THE JEWS AND THE SABBATH.-If those who are supposed to preach religion without imperial decrees and extraordinary miracles, who enforce the Decalogue as the foundation of ethics, and maintain a standpoint loftier than utilitarianism and compromising accomodation, who speak of a mission of Israel and a final triumph in spe for Israel's teachings, want us to trade the Sabbath of the Decalogue for the Emperor's, Pope's and Councils' Sunday, it makes one weary, and disgusts less patient persons, who, we imagine, out of respect for the precious boon of civil and religious liberty, abstain from giving any stronger expressions to their disgust. Some condescend to even a lower grade of argument. They say, you Jews do not keep your own Sabbath; why not at least keep ours?" To them we say, there are, indeed, Jews who keep no Sabbath, but there are many more who do keep it, and so we return the question: There are so many Christians that keep no Sunday, and you know that these are very numerous, why do you not at least keep up the principle of the divine law? The argument is very poor per se; if we are expected to make concessions to Sabbath-breakers, why not also make concessions to lawbreakers of different kinds? The reply to all that is very simple: principles must never be sacrificed; even if the majority violate them it becomes so much more the duty of the minority to uphold them.-American Israelite (Cin-waveringly stood with the majority of his colcinnati), Dec. 3.

THE GENTILES AND THE MORMONS.-The Gentiles of this Territory have nothing that they have not earned or bought; they never sought to get anything in any other way; they never fought the Mormons on any score except their determination to be a law to themselves. The suit instituted against the Church was not prompted by any Gentile in Utah, and the purpose of that suit was limited to two things-first, to compel the Mormon Church to take its iron hand from the throats of the people; and, second, to provide a fund with which to educate the children of the Mormons that the Mormon chiefs have robbed. There was something about Mormonism which made it intolerable to the men of Ohio, to the men of Missouri, to the men of Illinois. After that the Saints added another tenet to their faith, which was a direct menace to the homes of the American people, and a direct degradation to the Mormons themselves. When Gentiles came here they objected to Church rule and to polygamy; they made a fight, as Americans, against what was illegal and unjust and degrading and debasing in the Mormon organization. They would been have less than men had they not. That they sought to persecute the Mormons in any other way is altogether false. -Salt Lake City Tribune, Dec. 1.

I pledge myself here and now to devote whatever of industry and ability I possess to the advancement of the real interests of the Democratic party. I beg to say to you now, as I speak to you my first words since I am your selection for Speaker, that my election means no step backward in tariff reform. I beg to say to you that there is in our party to-day no man who more earnestly believes in the Democratic doctrine of tariff reform than I do.

FROM LEADING DEMOCRATIC ORGANS.

New York Sun (Dem.), Dec. 9.-No tariff alarm is involved in the selection of the Hon. Charles F. Crisp for the leadership of the Democratic party in Congress. Mr. Crisp is a Southerner, bred to the economic theories of that part of the country, and always stanch in his loyalty to the policy and chiefs of his party. While he has been in Congress he has un

leagues, whether under the leadership of Mr.
Mills or Mr. Morrison; but with him fanati-
cism doesn't go before serious politics. We
have it on the authority of so careful, straight-
forward, and impartial a Democratic journal as
the Chicago Herald, that Mr. Crisp made a
speech at the Commercial Congress held in
Kansas City last April in which he urged a
tariff which would "* encourage manufactures,"
"foster commerce,' and, more definitely,
protect American labor against ruinous and
unjust competition with cheap foreign labor."
Whatever may have come from Mr. Crisp's
lips in extreme moments of argument, he is a
statesman standing on the carefully prepared,
rigorously Democratic, and subsequently suc-
cessful platform of 1884, and inviting all Demo-
crats of whatsoever shade and color to come
and stand and labor with him. He would
rather succeed than fail.
He is for the Demo-
cratic party above the exaltation of any disas-
trous theory discoverable in the range of
Mugwump fancy.

New York World (Dem.), Dec. 8.-Mr. Crisp
is supposed to represent more of conservatism
and prudence in tactics than Mr. Mills. His
ty that the end aimed at by the party-namely,
election represents the conviction of the majori-
the righteous revision and reduction of our
tariff-is more surely to be attained through
conservative action than through methods more
radical. The choice is significant of the domi-
nance of a prudent spirit in the great Demo-
cratic majority. It stamps that majority at the
outset as one worthy of the great trust committed
by the people to the Democratic party.

HELL. Modern sentiment is horrified by such [orthodox] pictures of the fate of the vast majority of mankind, and under its influence the movement for getting rid of the hell of the Westminster Confession has gathered force. As that standard represents the dogmas of the New York Herald (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. 8.Calvinistic Churches generally, the hell of the The Speakership muddle is over at last. Tamold theology will speedily disappear altogether many will be able to send in its little bill for from Protestantism if the enterprise is success-services rendered. All this balloting has been ful. It cannot go without radically changing worse than useless. The object of the conthe very foundations of Protestant belief, even testants has not been to elect a fitting and wellif they are not destroyed utterly. Human equipped chairman simply, but to push the society would also be affected powerfully by claims of Mr. Cleveland or Mr. Hill in the the extinction of the popular belief in ever-coming Presidential campaign. The fight was lasting punishment, and the popular fear of waged in the interest of a favorite candidate

New York Morning Advertiser (Ind.-Dem.), could have done. The nomination of Mr. Mills Dec. 8.-This was the wisest thing the caucus at this time would have been a Democratic misfortune. Mr. Crisp is a careful, conscientious, conservative leader. He is a fine parliamentarian, possessed of a well-trained judicial mind, and in every way is he equipped for the high position to which his party has elevated him. His election will unite the Democratic party in Congress, and with its large majority it should not be hampered in its efforts to give the country wise legislation. And with this same large majority there will be no trouble to fix the responsibility if mistakes are made. The South is now more emphatically in the saddle than it has been at any time since the

war.

New York Staats-Zeitung (Ind.-Dem.), Dec. 8. It must be recognized as a positive fact that there were no essential differences of attitude between the candidates. Crisp, to whom has been imputed a lack of activity for the advanced aspects of tariff reform, took occasion, immediately after his choice as Speaker, to make a very energetic declaration, which must remove doubts and reflections of all kinds. Tariff rcform will remain at the fore-front of the political agitation and of the legislative endeavors of this Congress, and so, as concerns this question, it really made no difference whether Crisp or Mr. Mills was successful in the Speakership fight. It is a different question whether Crisp will be able to resist the silver clement of the party as effectually as Mills would have resisted it. There would have been an easier feeling respecting the chief issue of the Democratic National campaign if the result had been different.

Boston Globe (Dem.), Dec. 8.-There is no need of dwelling at length upon the ability or the soundness of faith that mark this chosen leader of his party. He has served eight years in Congress, and almost from the first took a leading place in the councils of his fellow

Democrats. An able orator, his voice has

often been heard in debate. Upon the great present issue-that of tariff reform-he has spoken many times, but not once with uncertain sound." He is among the stanchest and sturdiest advocates of the cause which the Democracy of the Nation is pledged to main

tain.

Boston Post (Dem.), Dec. 8.—The choice of Mr. Crisp, while it lacks the logical force which the election of Mr. Mills would have There is no question of the ability of the new had, can be heartily approved by Democrats. Speaker, of his fairness, or of the soundness of his views upon the great question of tariff reform. It is enough to say that no member even suspected of unsoundness on this question would be considered for a moment in connection with this important position.

Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), Dec. 8.-While for large impersonal reasons the Eagle would have had this result otherwise, we have no complaint to make. The Democracy was growing restive under tutelage. It was disposed to take the chances of risking its own future on its own wishes. It was minded to dispense in this case with the rather arrogant advice of those who have not trained long enough with it for it to forget their crimes against liberty and their aspersions of the party, or for them to learn its methods, understand its shibboleth,

the tariff question than would have been the case had Mr. Mills been chosen. Indeed the latter is left by the logic of the result in a position to succeed himself as leader of his side of the House.

or accord equal field to its large list of able | should prove worthy of their support, and un-silver issue or no more disposed to blunder over leaders. It was disposed to question that a cause as old as its history was the monopoly of anybody or in the custody of any cabal. It was moved to resist guardianship and to get angered at such as would protect it against itself, so to speak. In this instance it was resolved to have its way. It has had it. Tariff reform will keep at the front, but the silver question and the questions with blood and iron in them, growing out of the Force Bill, will range near in line with it there. For better or worse this course will not be wanting in frankThe release of all questions to utterance and the liberty of all candidates to strive for the highest honors, with the right of every preference to be expressed without abuse or gross imputations from those of contrary minds, have been ordered. It has been an open Speakership fight. It is to be an open Presidential struggle. So be it.

ness.

Philadelphia Times (Ind.), Dec. 8.-Crisp's brief but emphatic utterance on tariff reform in acknowledging the honor conferred upon him must silence all quibbles as to the attitude of the Democratic majority of the House on that issue. While there will be no halt in the work of tariff reform because of the success of Mr. Crisp, it will be generally, and we believe gratefully, accepted by the country as a triumph of the more conservative element of the Democracy. The one unerring index of the wisdom of Crisp's election to the Speakership is in the fact that the Republican leaders were practically unanimous in the desire for the success of Mills, and hoped to gain great political advantage from it. This does not prove Mills's unfitness, but it was unmistakable as to the expediency of his selection.

man.

Baltimore Sun (Dem.), Dec. 8.—The signifi. cance of Mr. Crisp's success, from the point of view of party policy, is probably slight, though in the heat of the conflict just closed the attempt was naturally made to give it great importance. It was said by some of Mr. Crisp's opponents, in the ardor of the struggle, that he was an anti-Cleveland and anti-tariff reform This was warmly denied by many of Mr. Crisp's friends. It is certain that he was supported for the Speakership by a number of out-and-out tariff reformers on the ground of personal liking merely, or because he was thought to be better fitted by temperament for the quasi judicial functions of presiding officer of the House. Quite possibly Mr. Crisp's candidacy was made a cave into which opponents of the accepted policy of the party crowded in the hope of thereby attaining a degree of importance to which their real influence does not entitle them. That was their little scheme. They will doubtless do their best to utilize the accident of being on the winning side to boom their discredited opinions. But the cause of tariff reform and the identity of the party's exponents of that issue remain as before.

WHAT THE PRINCIPAL MUGWUMP PAPERS SAY.

New York Times (Ind.), Dec. 8.—That the Independent vote which has poured into the exhausted frame of the old Democratic party the new strength shown by the great majority

in the House can be retained if the forces that have dominated the Democratic caucus are to

REPUBLICAN VIEWS.

til to-day with hope and confidence and sym-
pathy, will now watch its course with anxiety,
with reserve, and not without grave suspicion.
That the cause which received so hard and so
treacherous a blow yesterday will finally
triumph, we have no doubt, because the per-
Boston Herald (Ind.), Dec. 9.—Mr. Crisp, as
manent interests as well as the conscience and
a man now holding a more important and re-
intelligence of the American people require it.
But those to whom the triumph of this cause is sponsible position than any other member of
the controlling object of political action, and to adopting and practising a conservative [silver]
his party, will perhaps realize the need of
whom parties are only instruments for or
against that cause, will for the present be policy; hence the dangers that were feared
during his candidacy may be less evident
forced to assume a position of armed neu-
now that he has succeeded. Now that
trality.
Mr. Crisp has clearly defined his views
New York Evening Post (Ind.), Dec. 8.- on the tariff question, it is obvious that
Our own preferences, while the contest was he does not differ greatly in his opinions
going on, were with the supporters of Mr. from Mr. Mills. Possibly the election of Mr.
the idea that Mr. Mills was entitled to the dis- that Governor Hill has sufficient personal in-
Mills, but they were grounded wholly upon Crisp to the Speakership may be an indication
tinction by reason of his services in the cause fluence to prevent the nomination of Mr.
of tariff reform. We have not believed at any Cleveland; but in that event it seems to us
time, nor do we now believe, that Judge Crisp that the only conclusion arrived at will be the
is one whit less earnest in that cause than Mr. necessity of seeking a third man as a candi-
Mills, although his services have been less con- date, and of entering into the battle under con-
spicuous. So far as Mr. Crisp has given any ditions far less favorable for success than
indication of his views and purposes, they can- would be the case if Mr. Cleveland was nomi-
not be distinguished from those of Mr. Mills, nated.
and the words he has uttered since the contest
closed are in entire harmony with those he
has spoken in the past. But it is said, or is
New York Tribune (Rep.), Dec. 9.-Our
believed, by some that Mr. Crisp represents friends the enemy appear to have achieved
radical and dangerous opinions on the silver their regular annual blunder. It is the testi-
question. If this were true, probably Mr. mony of their own most capable organs that
Bland of Missouri, who has led the free coinage the blunder is a fatal one, though these organs
Democrats for more than twelve years, would have not been by any means as loud as some
have voted for Mr. Crisp, but in fact he voted of the "
"
more money papers in denying the
for Mr. Mills. We consider this a decisive test sincerity or party good faith of those who
and the best assurance that can be obtained in have opposed them. But the defeat of Mr.
advance that Mr. Crisp is not a dangerous Mills, after all the organized, persistent, and
character, and that his election is not an tremendous efforts made by Mr. Cleveland and
omen of evil. But there is a better guaran- his former Cabinet officers and his political
tee still, and that is the necessities of the managers and his band of Free Trade devotees,
situation. If Judge Crisp is a cool observer is indeed a blow which may change the future
of political events, if he has a mind broad of parties. There are likely to be stormy
enough to take in the entire horizon, he must times in the House at this session, and Judge
see that the Democratic party is in danger of Crisp will need all the powers he possesses to
breaking in two on this silver question, and keep his mob of new members in discipline.
that the only way to hold it together is to make But he will have the advantage of a well-poised
a political issue for next year on which all temper, and of personal sympathy with the
members of the party can agree, and to avoid free silver and more money extremists who
making one on which they must inevitably probably constitute the large majority. He
split. The truth is that the Democratic party was undoubtedly a better man for Speaker of
has a halter about its neck, just as the Repub- the House than Mr. Mills, and those who pro-
licans had when the McKinley tariff was pend-posed his nomination on that ground alone de-
tree that they come to, as the Republicans did
ing. They can hang themselves on the first
last year. Speaker Crisp is now the most in-
fluential personage in shaping the issues of
1892. Let nobody assume that he is going to
wreck the fair prospects of his party either by
a radical silver policy, or by a reactionary
tariff policy, or by engineering his office for or
against any Presidential candidate.

Providence Journal (Ind.), Dec. 8.-The contest in Washington over the Speakership has ended in the selection of a most competent man for the position. Judge Crisp has not so wide a reputation as Mr. Mills, nor is he first, last, and all the time a tariff reformer, duties, he is more likely to give satisfaction but for everyday wear and tear, amid arduous than the fiery Texan.

Springfield Republican (Ind.), Dec. 8.control the action of the party in Congress and Crisp's nomination for the Speakership by the out of it is, of course, impossible. The elec- Democratic caucus will be a disappointment to tion of Mr. Crisp by the coalition of the dem- those who wished to have the silver question agogy of Hill, the spoilsmongering of Tam- set aside, and the fighting in next year's cammany, the protectionism of Gorman and Brice, paign forced on the tariff issue alone. How the half-corrupt, half-fanatical free silver move- much it means in this respect is uncertain. ment, and the old South must inevitably "give Some of the most rabid of the Western free pause" to the men who have believed that the silver men voted for Mills to the last, while Democratic party would be a fit instrumental- Springer of Illinois, a radical tariff reformer ity for the accomplishment of tariff reform and and an enthusiastic supporter of the ex-Presifor the clean and honest administration of the dent, cast the deciding vote for Judge Crisp. Government. That is a fact that is not done | It cannot, therefore, be viewed as a trial of away with because a majority of the Democrats in Congress have ignored it. More than ever before, the Democracy is now on its trial. The men who have for the past few years watched its course with a deep desire that it

strength between tariff reform and free silver
for first place in the platform of the party. The
net result of it all is that the majority has per-
haps as good a presiding officer as it could
command, and is no more free to fool with the

measure when they sought or consented to serve respect. But they blundered beyond receive for him the sort of support which finally gave him most of his votes and turned the scale in his favor. There are worse things than being beaten, and Mr. Crisp, as the Tammany Hall-Hill-Gorman candidate for Speaker, deserves commiseration. He won, and for him and his party it would have been better if he had not.

The

Philadelphia Press (Rep.), Dec. 8. anti-Cleveland end of the party has won à great victory. It may now be expected that the Democratic majority in the House will play a game of subterfuge on the tariff quescampaign. It has turned down Mills, with his tion, and carry it through the Presidential open Free Trade declarations, and it means, if possible, to cheat the people into believing that the candidate and platform with which the party went through the last campaign are not Crisp is a party mask.

what it now wants.

Philadelphia Ledger (Ind.-Rep.),Dec. 8.-The Democratic caucus has conferred upon its party an eminently valuable service, and enabled the organization to escape what might have been a damaging result; and, so far as a party issue can be a service to the whole public, this result is a service to the country, For, able a man as Mr. Mills is, he is not of the mould that statesmen are made of—and Mr. Crisp is. Mr. Mills makes up his judgments upon hasty inspection of the subject in hand, and then enforces them with impassioned oratory, and too frequently by hot temper, rather than with cool reasoning. Mr. Crisp, on the other hand, is a cool and de

cord before the session is over. The Republicans | sea steadily for information, had better cease have only to observe a policy of armed neutral- their warfare upon silver; because, before ity, and let the Democrats settle their quarrels the country is entirely ruined by their bruKilkenny-cat fashion among themselves, as-tality, some of them will be made to suffer sured that sufficient blunders will be perpe- in a way that they never have dreamed of suftrated to give the Republican party an easy fering. victory in 1892.

ment is that it means Hill's influence and not a passenger train run one mile on all the other of the great chain of Lakes, to advocate Cleveland's is dominating the party in New railways in the United States was $1.08041; such harbor improvements as promise to do York and in the National Democratic Com- the cost of running a passenger train a mile the most good to the general business of lake mittee so far as the member from his own was 80.984c. The revenue from a freight transportation, and to discuss the matter of State influences that Committee. Mr. Oelrichs train running one mile was $1.65434; the lighthouses, fog-signals, buoys, ranges, and resigned because he would not be responsible average cost of running a freight train one other aids to commerce on our internal waterfor Tammany politics. Mr. Sheehan is a mile was $1.057II. ways. In addition to this it appears to be Tammany man, a Hill man, and a bitter oppoproposed by the movers to test the temper of nent of ex-President Cleveland. With Hill in the Convention on the subject of a deep chanthe Senate, Flower as Governor, and Sheehan nel to connect the lakes with the Atlantic, so as to realize the long-cherished dream of regular sailing between the great lakes and European ports. If a majority be in favor of this the measure will be pressed, but there is some doubt as to the advisability of asking for too much at once.-Chicago Tribune, Dec. 5.

in the National Committee, the ex-President will have some difficulty in getting his own State to present his name to the next Democratic National Convention. Will he dare accept a nomination against the wishes of New York?-Chicago Inter-Ocean (Rep.), Dec. 4.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE WORLD'S FAIR. Courrier des Etats Unis (New York), Dec. 8.-It is reported that Mr. Chauncey Depew, one of the three World's Fair Commissioners for the State of New York, has come home astonished at what he saw at Chicago. Mr. Depew is the more competent as a judge because he spent a fortnight in Paris during the Exposition of 1889, and visited the show every THE BETROTHAL OF COLLars and Cuffs.— day. At Chicago there will be more than 700 acres devoted to the Fair; at Paris there were The eldest son of the eldest son of Queen VicIt must be admitted that the space toria has been allowed to form an engagement occupied at Paris was pitifully small; but then to be married. Perhaps he will turn out to be one could ramble all over the Exposition a tolerable sort of person when he has been without fatigue, and besides, it was at your apprenticed at the institution of marriage. the United States Interstate Commerce Com-wished to go by water, a few turns of the erroneous, impression that he is underdone, door, almost in the heart of the city. If you There has been a general, but perhaps an mission made its appearance during the past wheels, and crac! you were there. At Chicago half baked, incomplete in the upper week. It may be noted that, covering as it the steamer route by the Lake will be ten rooms, short of brain lobes, not too does the figures for the year ending June 30, miles long, and there will be also a grand canal bright, a gawk, a gump, and a gull, but 1890, the report is necessarily somewhat old, more than three miles long, bordered by one must not ask too much of princes. although considering the magnitude of the splendid buildings. All of which is very well. If they read and write, they

THE RAILROADS OF THE UNITED
STATES.

Bradstreet's (New York), Dec. 5.-The third annual report of the Statistical Department of

but 200.

can

are

work which the Commission has undertaken in Twelve great edifices are in process of con- patrons of literature and science; and if they,

this connection a delay of this nature is unavoidable. The total railway mileage in the United States on June 30, 1890, was 163,597.05 miles; the increase brought into operation during the year was 6,030.60 miles. Michigan shows the largest gain in mileage during the year, being 459.08 miles, and Georgia comes

struction, each one to be bigger than all the
others; and two of them will be twice as large
as any other structure ever built for a like
purpose. It will, of course, be a superb Fair
of buildings. As to what will be in them,
that is not yet known; we must wait. One
simple observation may be permitted. It is to
be hoped that the quality of the contents will
be worthy of the enormous size of the edifices.
An old proverb says that a monkey has more
itelligence in his snout than an elephant has

in his trunk.

COMING CHANGE IN ARTILLERY.

next with an increased mileage of 437.94 miles.
The total length of track for the United States,
including all tracks, sidings, and spurs, is 209,-
060.67 miles. The number of railway corpor-
ations at the above date was 1,797, and of these
forty companies operate 77,872 miles of line,
or 37.51 per cent. of total mileage. The
average length of line for these forty roads is
nearly 2,000 miles. There are seventy- Journal des Debats (Paris), Nov. 8.-When
four oompanies in the United States whose smokeless powder for arms of small calibre
gross earnings is $837,000,000 out of a total was being generally adopted, and Parliaments
gross income of all railways in the country of everywhere were voting the enormous sums
$1,051,877,632; or, in other words, they earn necessary to make the changes in the arma-
80 per cent. of the total amount paid for rail-ments, we took the liberty of warning them
way service. The total number of locomotive
engines employed is 29,928, and the number of
cars 1,164,138, of which 26,511 are in passen-
ger service. The number of locomotives fitted
with train-brake is 20,162, and the number
fitted with automatic couplers 955. The num-
ber of cars fitted with train-brake is 128,241,
and the number of cars fitted with automatic
couplers is 114,364. The total number of men
employed on the railways of the United States
is 749,031, being an increase of 45,558 over the
number employed in 1889. The 156,404.06
miles of line represented in the report presents
capital to the amount of $9,459,444,172, which
is equivalent to $60,481 per mile of line. As-
suming that the remaining mileage is capital-
ized at the same rate, the total capitalization
of railway property in the United States would
be $9,894,483,400. The increase for the year
ending June 30, 1890, over the capital for the
previous year is $444,268,798. The proportion
represented by stocks is 46.82 per cent. of the
total. The amount of stock per mile of line
is $28,322, and the amount of outstanding ob-
ligations, including bonds, equipment, trust
obligations, etc., $29,262.

The number of passengers carried during the year was 492,430,365. The number of passenger miles was 11,847,785,617, or an average of 24.06 miles per passenger. The number of tons of freight carried during the year was 636,441,617; the number of tons carried one mile was 76,207,047,298, an average carry per ton of 119.74 miles. The freight train mileage was 435,170,812, showing the average number of tons per train to have been 174.05. The revenue per passenger per mile of line was 2.167c.; the average cost of carrying one passenger one mile was 1.917c. The revenue for carrying a ton of freight one mile was .941c.; the cost of carryiug a ton of freight one mile was .604c. The revenue from

know enough to go in when it rains, they are experts in meteorology. The Duke of Clarence probably knows enough to keep from falling into a butt of Malmsey, and if it is really true that he knows enough to get married, appeciation of his intellect will increase rapidly. The University of Cambridge made him a Doctor of Laws some time ago, but we believe he is not yet an F. R. S.-New York Sun, Dec. 8. OBITUARY.

DOM PEDRO.

New York Tribune, Dec. 6.—The death of Dom Pedro II. in exile is not without elements of pathos. He loved his country, and had hoped to draw his last breath in his modest palace at Petropolis. When he was bundled off with his family two years ago and compelled to sail for Lisbon on a few hours' notice his exclamations betokened a mind disordered with grief. "I ask only to die in my own country!" he exclaimed to the revolutionary officers. "" 'What have I done to merit this?'

that it was but a beginning, and that sooner or
later there would be demands for much larger
amounts in view of the need of another indis-
pensable change-a change in artillery. It is
worth noting that this suggestion was passed What crimes have my family committed? We
over in silence by all the official writers do not know what we are about! We under-
charged with the duty of preparing the public stand nothing except that Brazil is dear to us!"
mind for the sacrifices desired. Apparently The Empress died in the first month of their
these writers thought it was quite enough exile. The Emperor's life was prolonged for two
to ask for millions at a time, that each thing years. If he made a feeble effort to interest him-
would come in due order, and that what had self in scientific studies in Paris it was a despair-
been granted for rifles could not decently being affectation of pedantry for which he had no
refused for cannon. As in the case of repeat- heart. The Emperor enjoyed during a long
ing rifles, the question was which country reign the reputation of being one of the most
would be bold enough to take the lead. It is enlightened sovereigns of the times. He was a
Germany. The Government of that country, ruler with many fascinating and estimable traits
we are told, will ask for 120,000,000 marks to who endeared himself to his people and com-
effect alternations in cannon which, according manded respect abroad. He was mainly in-
to German journalists, will make German strumental in introducing railways, telegraphs,
artillery the first in the world. Without know- and public works in Brazil, headed a national
ing exactly what changes the Germans pur- movement for effecting emancipation, and
pose making, we venture to think they are a displayed a marked interest in technical edu-
trifle hasty in concluding that their new cannon cation and practical sagacity in directing the
will reach the acme of perfection. The history progressive tendencies of a most conservative
of firearms in the last ten years shows the in- nation. So large was the measure of his bene-
exhaustibility of the inventive powers of man; factions and charities that when he
and it seems to us that it would be wise not to Brazil he was without money and depend-
be in too much hurry to follow the example ent upon drafts on the Treasury which the
set on the other side of the Rhine.
revolutionists were well pleased to honor.
When the record of the Emperor's public ser-
vices and private virtues is complete, the fact
DEEPER WATERWAYS.-The Deep Water- remains that he stood for a system of centrali-
way Convention, to be held in Detroit the 17th zation which deprived the federated Provinces
inst., is looked forward to by the vesselmen of self-government, repressed home-rule aspi-
as a gathering of great importance. They rations, and created a class of professional
think it may prove a memorable epoch in patronage-mongers at the national capital and
the history of internal improvements and carpet-bag administrators throughout Brazil.
make amends for past failures to hold water- He was a good monarch with a thoroughly bad
ways congresses that would effect an im- system behind him Pathetic though his death
press upon the policies of the Nation. The in exile may be, Brazil is well rid of the Em-
avowed object is to agitate in favor of a pire, and all the corruption and compression of
twenty-one foot channel from one end to the administration that it implied.

left