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BRIGHT HOME MAKES A MERRY HEART

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SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, 132 South 5th Avenue, New York.

Your druggist keeps Scott's Emulsion of cod-liver oil-all druggists everywhere do. $1.

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46

+ THE ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES+

TRANSLATED BY LELAND..

With Biographical Sketch of this Prince of Greek Orators.

Price, Complete,

Large Quarto, 2 vols., 115 pp., Manilla Paper Cover.

FEATURES THAT INVITE STUDY.

Panatius asserts that most of the Oratiops of Demosthenes are written on a virtuous principle, and Plutarch observes "that he does not exhort his countrymen to that which is most agreeable, or easy, or advantageous, but points out honor and propriety as the first objects, and leaves the safety of the State as a matter of inferior consideration." The reputation he acquired placed him at the head of the government of Athens: in this public capacity he opposed the inclinations and corrected the errors of his countrymen. His eloquence is not distinguished by the arts of mild persuasion, but by a bold, manly, and energetic style, which failed not to fix the attention and to rouse the energies of his hearers, and to awaken that spirit of patriotism which is calculated to secure the liberties of a people. In integrity of conduct he is acknowledged to have surpassed all his contemporaries except Phocion; and if he had not been suspected of want. of courage in the field of battle, and of receiving a bribe from Harpalus, he would have deservedly ranked with Cimon, Thucydides, and Pericles.

In the battle of Cheronea, according to the testimony of Plutarch, he betrayed his pusillanimity, quitted his post, and fled. But the charge of bribery preferred against him at a later period of his life strongly excited

40 Cents, post-free.

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the Athenians against him, as will be seen in the Translator's Introduction to the Oration of DINARCHUS. Demosthenes had long resisted the assaults of corruption from Philip, and boasted that all the gold of Macedonis could not tempt him; but his enemies accused him of having received a present of a golden vase, accompanied by twenty talents from the hands of Harpalus, which is said to have induced the Orator to feign indisposition in the assembly, and to make signs that he had lost his voice; on which it was observed, that "It was no common hoarseness he had got in the night -it was occasioned by swallowing gold and silver!" His accuser was venal orator; but the court of Areopagus condemned him, and he was compelled to retire from Athens.

Pausanias, who entertained a high opinion of the integrity of Demos thenes, treats the charge as a calumny, and offers strong proofs of his innocence-proofs which appear to have had due weight with the learned Translator in his APPENDIX to the NOTES on the PHILIPPIC ORATIONS, to which the reader is referred for a history of the Orator, from his public administration down to the fatal period of his life.-From the Preface.

THE VOLUMES ALSO CONTAIN ORATIONS OF ESCHINES AGAINST CTESIPHON, DINARCHUS AGAINST DEMOSTHENES; APPENDIX TO THE NOTES ON THE PHILIPPIC ORATIONS, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE EXILE AND DEATH OF DEMOSTHENES.

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 18-20 Astor Place, N.Y.

5

"The Literary Digest' keeps apace of the thought and opinion of the entire civilized world."-THE SPECTATOR, New York.

A WEEKLY COMPENDIUM OF THE CONTEMPORANEOUS THOUGHT OF THE WORLD.

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VOL. IV. NO. 26. WHOLE NO. 106. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 18-20 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK.

NEW YORK, SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 1892.

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Those who order and pay for rooms now get their lodgings at present rates, and, moreover, among them will be distributed ONE-HALF OF ALL THE PROFITS of the enterprise during the WORLD'S FAIR. Meals need not now be paid for. Send only money to pay for lodgings. The way this is arranged is Guaranteed Profit-Sharing Stock Certificates are Sold in Ten Dollar Shares. This stock entitles one to rooms at above rates, if taken now, to the full face value of the stock, either for themselves or for their friends. Then when the Fair is over James B. Hobbs, President of the Commercial Loan and Trust Co., Gen. C. H. Howard and Mary A. Woodbridge will adjust the accounts and divide the profits into two equal parts, one of which will belong to the Hotel Company and the other to the patrons who buy now these Guaranteed Profit-Sharing Certificates. Over 2,000 shares at $10 each already sold. Only 10,000 shares offered. Rooms are provided ONLY for those who engage them in advance. Work will begin on the Hotel to accommodate 1,000 guests as soon as 3,000 more shares are sold.

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THE

The Reviews.

POLITICAL.

WILLIAM.

Contemporary Review, London, April.

HE Emperor's now notorious speech at the annual dinner of the Brandenburg Diet, on the 24th of February last, and the notifications of the press prosecutions following it, have intensified the curiosity of public opinion in Europe, which for the last three years he has already largely monopolized. These combine, with what has gone before, to form a 5 dramatic climax. It is the high standing of the persons who have this time spoken out (though if all were known, these are as nothing beside those who agree with them and remain silent) which lends exceptional importance to this latest ebullition and renders an impartial glance at the events connected with it opportune. It is pertinent to inquire what are au fond the personal characteristics of a ruler, who, on the

morrow of Bismarck's dismissal, was heralded by nearly all as a man of exceptional ability, and by many as at least a man of strong character, possibly with a touch of true genius.

The back of Germany's character is ominously up, and most ominously so where it is yet unseen. Men are heartily sick of this everlasting flow of phrases, which becomes more copious aud more mischievous, instead of "drying up," as had been fondly hoped. For, if there is a country where, on practical matters, windy phraseology is viewed with detestation and contempt, it is Germany, Thus, when this modern Hotspur calls out " Albrecht Achilles once said, I know of no more reputable spot on which to die than in the midst of my enemies" (Speech of the Emperor, 1891), they simply whisper, “Es ist nicht so gefährlich" (there is nothing to be afraid of); men who are in the habit of dying in the midst of their enemies are never known to proclaim it beforehand."

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The class of men whose ancestors led Germany in her many struggles for priceless spiritual treasures in the past, and who form the cream of the intellectual culture of the country, are determined to oppose the threatened educational Krebsgang (crab-movement) with might and main. What would happen if things came to extremes only those who know Germany fairly well can conceive. But it needs no gift of prophecy to foretell that they will not come to extremes at present. William has nothing like the necessary resources at his command to fight such a battle as this would portend; nor is he made of the stuff of those men who have fought similar battles. Thus things will drift back to about where they were a month ago— to that stage of apparently interesting but rudderless experiment, which has for some time bewildered all those who have no other means of judging the present than by attempting to fit it on as a logical outcome of the past.

We are powerfully impressed by the immense responsibility incurred by the advisers—seemingly non-advisers-who have succeeded Bismarck. It is significant that Herr von Bennigsen, one of the ablest men in Germany, is not among them. What has met with scant notice is the full significance of Count von Caprivi's being a soldier. He has said that he looks upon the duties of his position in the light of a soldier called upon to obey the order of his superior officer. No reproach can be pointed at a man who is simply incapable of having a will of his own, or an opinion contrary to that of his supreme war-lord. But is such a man, even with all his versatility, the right man to put the brake on the exuberant fancies of his sovereign? Had he put his foot down when William II. started issuing manifestoes without ministerial counter-signature, the Emperor would have dropped the habit. Though the Emperor has dismissed a Bismarck, we do not for a moment believe that he possesses one-tenth of the tenacity of purpose of his grandfather.

Before Prince Wilhelm came to the throne great things were prophesied for him in sundry places. On the other hand, soon after he left the University, it was whispered that he was a man of little heart, of inordinate vanity, and great want of consideration for others; though all these qualities were dwarfed by an everpresent restlessness. In the first burst of enthusiasm after his. accession to the throne, any eccentricity of manner was put down to the effervescence of youth, and excited the less attention because his personality was still dwarfed by the shadow of his great Chancellor. Thus, the dismissal of Bismarck may be said to have put him on his own legs. Every Bismarck-hater in poor, envious Germany became, in one night, ready under favorable conditions, to accept the young Emperor at his own valuation-a task since proved to be beyond the digestive powers of all but the most robust. But for the moment there was action. Most of us are impressed by action. The maker

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of Germany had been almost violently turned adrift, and public opinion applauded! It is a sickening memory, this of the hyenas at work; even the unsightly Yankee, fired by imperial favor, dared to contribute his discordant howl at the fallen lion to transatlantic magazines. There was nobody to tell the intoxicated people that the dismissal of a Bismarck might have been a supreme act of self-denial in a strong, deep-feeling nature, but in one of abnormal self-consciousness and vanity it could be no proof of strength of character; only another instance of those who "rush in where angels fear to tread."

But there was something fascinating in the Emperor's daring action, and it must be granted that on the morrow of Bismarck's dismissal he stood very high in the opinion of the great majority of lookers-on in all countries. If ever a man had an opportunity it was he. Silence was the ally he wanted in that moment more than the Deity; in reality he acted according to the spirit of neither. Ah, had he but kept silence !

Silent opinion, which greatly abounds in Germany, has been growing for the last two years, and has been quietly forming its impartial judgment on the personality of the momentary figure-head of the German Empire. It has never taken the Emperor at his own valuation. This silent opinion will outweigh in ultimate importance all that could possibly be expressed outside the Fatherland.

No wonder that jokes at the Emperor's expense, the sum of which would fill volumes, are current throughout the land. One of them, referring to his mania for traveling, will bear rendering into English:

All hail to thee! In special train
Still travel on and on amain.
When soon you do run off the rail
You'll hurry off to Bismarck then
And quickly bring him back again.

STEPS TOWARDS AN ACCOMMODATION BETWEEN ITALY AND THE PAPACY.

THER

La Rassegna Nazionale, Florence, March 16. HERE are not lacking, at the present moment, some indications, as it appears to us, that a prudent and intelligent Government might be able to take a step towards a solution of one of the gravest questions which confronts Italy; that thorny question which encloses her on all sides, which is interwoven with all her politics, and which is certainly not the least reason of the economic discredit into which she has fallen: the pontifical question. To some it may seem that we are exaggerating; but no impartial observer of political matters can deny that, throughout the civilized world, the future of Italy is regarded with a certain distrust, on account of the continuance of the dissension with the Papacy.

The address lately delivered to the English Catholic Union by its Secretary, Mr. Lilly; the interpellation of Mr. Nolan in the British Parliament respecting the Italian Laws of Guarantee, and the articles in some German journals on the political attitude of Italian Roman Catholics, are tokens that this dissension can be turned gradually in the direction of an arrangement. Mr. Lilly, while deploring the loss of the Temporal Power, declared that British Roman Catholics would not be averse to considering the Laws of Guarantee as sufficient to secure the independence of the Papacy, if these Laws, instead of being purely internal, and, therefore, capable of modification by the Italian Government at its pleasure, had an international character. This is the view advocated with so much acumen and perseverance by the lamented Jacini. Not different appears the idea of Mr. Nolan in asking that the Laws of Guarantee be officially laid before Parliament. If he did not believe that these Laws would be acceptable under certain conditions, he would not bother himself about such a formality.

The articles of the Kölnische Volkszeitung, written to encourage the Italian Roman Catholics to take an active part

in the political life of their country instead of shutting themselves up in a fatalistic inaction, are not without importance; since they demonstrate that the opinions of the Roman Catholic world, in respect to the Italo-Papal question, are undergoing modifications of capital importance.

To us it appears that the Italian press, instead of taking no notice of the facts we have mentioned, and thereby indicating that it is offended by them, ought to set value on them and endeavor on its part to help the changes at which we have hinted; so much the more that, in the present condition of things in Europe, Italy could show itself ready to discuss the question freely without the slightest appearance of weakness. Austria and Germany are her allies; France is disputing with the Holy See; no foreign power has the slightest interest in exercising pressure on Italy in regard to such a proposition. If the policy we have suggested should some day result in an agreement, though a partial one, what a benefit it would be to Italy! What an increase of strength at home and credit abroad would she obtain! How much greater liberty of action would all her policy acquire! Space is wanting to develop all the arguments which could be adduced in favor of the course that we recommend. There remains, besides, a practical question of the first importance, whether the prejudices of the men who at present direct the Government and the Parliament would not be too strong to allow their eyes to be opened and to permit them to accept the course we have ventured to lay down.

POLITICS OF THE RUSSIAN FAMINE.
MURAT HALSTED.

Cosmopolitan, New York, May.

HERE is famine in the most gigantic of empires-a trag-
No other

Tedy of want in Russia more horrible than war.

country so extensive is so absolutely in the power of one man. If imperialism anywhere has supreme advantages it must be in the land where people are perishing for lack of food. As their liberties are swallowed up in the conventions of order, it is natural that they should look to their master when in their dark, unguided way, they would account for the calamity by which they are stricken. What has happened that the soil does not yield subsistence? What have been the engagements of labor that food is not forthcoming? By whose fault do the people perish?

There is a responsibility resting upon the Great White Czar of which it is impossible that he should be insensible. The one thing that can be said for him is the confession of weakness; that the imperial system is stronger than anyone; that after all, the Czar is but the chief of serfs, the victim of circumstances that subjugate his will and paralyze his energies. It is the imperial system of Russia to maintain an enormous army. Magazine muskets are ordered by the million. Is this for the general welfare, or for the aggrandizement of the few placed far above the many, or especially for the one exalted over all? The last invasion of Russia was eighty years ago, and Napoleon's retreat from Moscow will serve for centuries as a sufficient warning. Russia does not need a multitudinous military force for defense. Aside from her imperialism, she has no requirement for a million armed and drilled men. No conquest of territory save that of Turkey in Europe would help the geographical position of the empire; and when she had conquered Turkey, and her troops were within sight of the undefended walls and towers of Constantinople, the politics of Europe did not permit that she should retain the conquest. The large military force not needed for defense is, therefore, a failure for aggression. The bulk of Russia makes her invulnerable. Mankind is impoverished by the maintenance of armies equal in numbers to the armed and servile nations of antiquity, and, more than in any other age, wasting in costly, non-productive equipment, and energies taken from the field and forge and desk and shop, to squander in manoeuvres that

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