increase, represented by property owned and business done in Michigan. Whenever requested by the Secretary of State, a statement under oath shall be filed showing the proportion of the property used and business transacted in Michigan. This provision is incapable of fulfillment by railroad companies with any degree of even approximate accuracy. It is impossible to tell what proportion of a railroad company's property is used in carrying on business within a state, when the same property is being used at the same time for carrying on interstate business. No sound basis has ever yet been reached for making such an estimate. The problem has vexed the most critical accountants, and will probably remain insoluble.

Mississippi has enacted that any public service corporation. which when sued in any state court shall remove such cause to a federal court, or which shall institute any suit in the federal court of that state, which it could not maintain if it were a domestic company incorporated under the laws of the state, shall forfeit its right to carry on intrastate commerce within the state and also the right of eminent domain in the state.

Mississippi has made it unlawful for any district attorney or any attorney-at-law associated in practice with any district attorney, and attorneys for levee boards, to represent in a legal capacity any public service corporation; and any attorney violating the act is guilty of a misdemeanor, and in addition to being subject to a fine, shall forfeit his license to practice law in the state.

COURTS, PRACTICE AND REMEDIES.

Alabama has enacted that graduates of the Law Department of the University of Alabama, upon presentation of their diplomas, and the payment of license fees and the proof of good moral character, shall be entitled to practice in all the courts of the state.

Louisiana has passed an act to prevent the courts of that state from granting writs of injunction maintaining a person removed from office in the possession of the same or restraining his successor from taking possession of the office, books, documents, archives, or emoluments thereof.

Louisiana has also enacted that any person who shall practice as an attorney and counsellor-at-law in any court of record in the state without having first been examined and obtained a license as required by law, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and subject to a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars, or to imprisonment in the parish jail not exceeding thirty days.

Maryland has passed an act prohibiting the practice of law or giving of legal advice without admission to the Bar, and providing a penalty of fine or imprisonment for false representation as to membership.

Maryland has passed a very stringent and comprehensive law against barratry, which, if enforced, will bear hard on "ambulance chasers" and side-partners in promoting litigation. It provides that:

Whoever, for his own gain, and having no existing relationship or interest in the issue, directly or indirectly, solicits another to sue at law or in equity, or to make a litigious claim, or to retain his own or another's services in so suing or making a litigious claim; or whoever knowingly prosecutes a case in which his services have been retained as a result of such solicitation; or causes any case to be instituted without authority; or whoever, being an attorney-at-law, directly or indirectly, agrees to procure another to be employed as an expert witness, or otherwise, or procures another to be so employed in consideration of his so soliciting litigious business or undertaking to solicit it, or in any other way compensates or agrees to compensate another for so doing shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment in jail for not more than three months, or by both. Any solicitation as aforesaid shall be prima facie evidence that the person so soliciting is doing so for gain."

Massachusetts has passed an act providing that women may be appointed as assistant clerks in police, district or municipal courts.

Mississippi has provided a direct appeal to the Supreme Court from an order of the Railroad Commission, the validity of which shall be disputed upon the ground that the commission was without power to make it, or whenever the commission shall refuse

to make an order asked for upon the ground that it is without power to make it. A bill of exceptions is provided for, limited to such facts as may be necessary to present only the question as to the power of the commission in the premises.

Mississippi has abolished the limitation of one year provided for the bringing of suits for injuries producing death.

New Jersey has provided for pensioning its judges, but in a most illiberal way. They must have reached the age of seventythree, and have served the state for twenty-one years, and on retirement are to receive an amount equal to but one-third of the former salary.

Virginia has provided that where an injunction is granted without notice, the order shall prescribe the time within which it shall be effective, and after such time, unless previously enlarged, it shall stand dissolved. Within the time designated the party to whom the injunction is awarded may upon notice apply for an enlargement or a further injunction, and the adverse party may move to dissolve the injunction.

The unwritten law" as interpreted by the courts of Virginia, has been in its application modified by a statute of the state which provides that testimony may be admitted as to the truth of the statements which led to the homicide.

CRIMES AND CORRECTIONS.

Louisiana has passed an act making it a misdemeanor for any school officer or teacher while employed in the public schools to act as agent for, or receive gifts, rebates, commissions, or fees, directly or indirectly, from individuals or companies that manufacture, handle, or sell in the State of Louisiana any kind of school books, school supplies, school furniture or school building materials.

Louisiana has enacted that it shall be a misdemeanor for any person to appear at a picnic, barbecue, children's day celebration, church service, Sunday school celebration, literary society or any other public gathering, or on any railway train in the state, in a drunken or intoxicated condition.

Louisiana has enacted a statute to prohibit gambling on horse

races" by the operation of betting books, French Mutual pooling devices, auction pools, or any other device," and has made the violation of the act a misdemeanor punishable by fine and imprisonment.

That state has also passed an act providing that if any person shall wilfully and maliciously set fire to or burn or blow up or destroy with dynamite, gunpowder or other explosive substance, or set fire to or explode any explosive substance with intent to blow up or destroy any house, building, shed, outhouse, levee, dam, ship, vessel, steamboat, street or railroad car, or other vehicle, or other construction in or on which human beings are customarily to be found, such person shall be guilty of a crime, and on conviction thereof shall suffer the death penalty.

It has made it a misdemeanor for any person, firm, association or corporation, intentionally, for the purpose of injuring or destroying the business of a competitor in any locality, to discriminate between different sections, communities, cities or localities in the state, by selling such commodities at a lower rate in one section, community, city or locality, than in another, making due allowance for the grade of commodity and cost of transportation.

Louisiana has also passed an act to protect prisoners while in the custody of officers of the law, making it a misdemeanor for any such officer to frighten by threat, or to torture, or to resort to any means of an inhuman nature whatever, to secure a confession from the accused. It has also passed an act against blackmail, and an act defining kidnapping and making the offense punishable by imprisonment at hard labor or otherwise for a period not exceeding twenty years, in the discretion of the court. By another act, concubinage between a person of the Caucasian race and a person of the Negro race is made a felony.

Louisiana has also passed an act making it a misdemeanor to make, circulate or transmit false statements, rumors, reports or suggestions written, printed or spoken concerning the financial conditions of any bank organized under the laws of the state, and derogatory to the same.

Massachusetts has enacted that photographic plates, if the

pictures are not intended for sale, may be exposed on the Lord's day, and that ice cream may be delivered on that day.

New Jersey has provided for a Dependency and Criminality Commission to investigate the causes of dependency and crime, and point out methods for their amelioration and elimination.

That state has also passed an act making the encouraging of arson and anarchy by any means a high misdemeanor. A laudable effort to destroy petty graft has been made by an enactment of New Jersey providing that it shall be a misdemeanor to give, offer or promise any gift or gratuity to an agent, employe or servant without the knowledge of the principal, employer or master, with intent to influence his action in his employment. The acceptance of such gratuity is likewise a misdemeanor. This is likely to interfere with the close relations existing between butlers and cooks on the one hand and dealers in household articles on the other.

New York prohibits any contract of sale upon credit or margin of any securities or commodities, wherein both parties intend that it shall be settled upon the basis of the public market quotations of prices made on any board of trade upon which such commodities or securities are dealt in, and without intending a bona fide purchase and sale of the same. Any one in any way making any quotations of prices with intent to make any such contracts shall be guilty of a felony. The act defines "bucket shop" as any building, room, apartment, booth, office or store, or any other place, where any contract prohibited by the act is made or offered to be made.

Rhode Island and Virginia have also passed acts prohibiting 'bucketing, bucket-shopping, and to abolish bucket shops."

Mississippi also makes what is commonly known as dealing in futures unlawful, and the parties participating therein guilty of a misdemeanor. The establishment or maintaining any office for such purpose is prohibited, and money lost in such transactions may be recovered. The renting or leasing of an office for such purpose is made a misdemeanor.

New York has established a state farm for women, with outdoor treatment of female delinquents. The object is to give them