THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF PLEADING AND PRACTICE. PATENTS. BY SIDNEY R. PERRY. I SCOPE OF ARTICLE, 9. II APPEAL FROM DECISION OF COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS, 9. 1. To What Tribunal Appeal Taken, 9. 2. When Appeal Lies and Grounds for Reversal, 10. a. In General, 10. (1) Decisions Appealable, 10. (2) Preliminary Matters and Rulings, 12. (3) Discretionary Matters, 12. (4) Reasons, Grounds, and Opinions of Commissioner, 12. b. Interference Cases, 13. (1) Whether Appeal Allowed, 13. (2) When Appeal Lies, 13. (a) In General, 13. (b) Decisions and Matters Appealable, 14. (c) Appeal by Patentee from Adverse Decision, 15. (3) Questions for Consideration and Decision, 15. 3. Proceedings Requisite to Appeal, 15. a. Notifying Commissioner and Filing Reasons of Appeal, 15. b. Time for Appeal and for Filing Reasons, 16. c. Commissioner Filing Grounds of Decision and Reply to Reasons, 16. 4. Hearing and Determination, 17. 5. a. Duty of Court on Petition Place, 17. b. General Rules Regulating, 17. Appointment of Time and c. Summary Hearing on Evidence Before Commissioner, 18. d. Hearing and Revision on Reasons of Appeal, 18. e. Decision or Fudgment, 18. III. BILL IN EQUITY WHEN PATENT REFUSED, 19. Return of Proceedings and Action of Commissioner Thereon, 18. I. When Proceeding Applicable, 19. a. In General, 19. b. Necessity to First Exhaust Remedy by Appeal, 20. 2. Furisdiction, 20. a. Whether Exclusive in Courts of District of Columbia, 20. b. Necessity to Serve Commissioner with Process, 21. c. Commissioner Accepting Service Outside of District, 21. 3. Parties, 21. 4. Requisites of Bill, 21. 5. Nature of and Rules Governing Proceeding, 22. 6. Questions for Consideration and Decision, 23 a. Priority of Invention, 23 b. Patentability. 23 c. Effect and Weight of Commissioner's Decision, 23 7. The Decree, 23. IV. MANDAMUS TO COMMISSIONER, 24 V. ACTION AGAINST COMMISSIONER FOR REFUSING COPIES OF PATENTS, 24 VL BILL IN EQUITY WHEN PATENTS INTERFERE, 25. 1. When Lies, and Provisions Concerning, 25. 2. The Bill, 27. a. Necessary and Proper Allegations, 27. b. Foinder of Causes of Action - Interference and Infringement, 27. c. Supplemental Bill, 27. d. Dismissal of Bill, 28. 3. Affirmative Relief under Answer or Cross-bill, 28. 4. The Decree, 28. VIL REPEAL OR CANCELLATION OF LETTERS PATENT, 29. 1. By Process in Nature of Scire Facias, 29. 2. By Suit in Equity by United States, 29. a. Whether and When Maintained, 29. b. By Whom and in What Name Brought, 32. d. The Decree, 32. VIII ACTION TO RECOVER PENALTY, 33. 1. When Lies, 33. 2. Furisdiction, 33 3. Parties, 33. a. Plaintiff, 33 b. Defendant, 33. 4. Declaration or Complaint, 34. a. Rules of Civil Pleading Apply, 34. b. Averment of Requisites and Essential Facts, 34. d. Averment of Patentability, 35 e. Averment of Act Contra Formam Statuti, 35. f. Allegata et Probata, 35. IX. GENERAL JURISDICTION Of Suits on or CONCERNING PATENTS, (3) Injunction - Adequacy of Remedy at Law, 36. (a) In General, 36. (b) Establishment of Right at Law, 37. (4) Bill for Naked Account of Profits and Damages, 39. (5) Decree for Complete Relief - Profits and Dam ages, 40. (6) Suit in Equity After Expiration of Patent, 40. Suits on Contract or License, 42. (1) In General, 42. (2) By Licensor, 42. (a) In General, 42. (b) Adequacy of Remedy at Law, 43. (3) By Licensee, 43. (4) Enforcing or Setting Aside Contract, 43. 2. Of Federal and State Courts, 44. a. Suits under Patent Laws, 44. (1) Federal Courts, 44. (a) In General, 44. (b) Exclusive Furisdiction, 44. (c) Effect of Citizenship or Amount Involved, 44. (d) Suits Involving Contracts, 45. (2) State Courts, 47. b. Suits under General Laws, 48. (1) Federal Courts, 48. (2) State Courts, 51. (a) In General, 51. (b) Suits on Contracts, 51. (c) Infringement, Validity, or Worth of Pat- c. Furisdiction of Particular Federal Courts, 53- (2) District Courts, 54. (3) Supreme Court of District of Columbia, 54. (5) Court of Claims, 54. (a) Suits for Infringement, 54. (b) Suits on Contracts, 55: d. Furisdiction of Federal Courts in Particular Dis tricts, 55. (1) Under General Fudiciary Acts, 55. (a) In General, 55. (b) Prior to 1887, 55. Under Acts 1887 and 1888, 56. (2) Under Act 1897, 58. X. GENERAL PRINCIPLES RELATIVE TO ACTIONS AND SUITS FOR INFRINGEMENT, 59. 1. Before Patent Obtained, 59. 2. On Void Patent, 59. 3. On Surrendered and Reissued Patent, 59. 4. On Expired Patent, 60. 5. Disclaimers, 61. a. Statutes Authorizing Disclaimers, 61. b. Maintenance of Suit and Recovery Where Disclaimer Not Delayed, 61. c. Disclaimer Unreasonably Neglected or Delayed, 62. d. Disclaimer Before or After Suit, 62. e. Costs Where Disclaimer Entered After Suit, 63. XI. PARTIES TO ACTIONS OR SUITS FOR Infringement, 64. 1. Plaintiff, 64. a. In General, 64. (1) At Law and in Equity, 64. (2) Ownership at Time of Action or Suit, 64. b. Assignees, 65. (1) Action or Suit in Name of Assignee or Assignor, 65. (a) In General, 65. (b) Nature of Assignment Entitling Assignee to Sue, 66. (c) Necessity of Suit in Assignee's Name, 67. (2) Foinder of Assignee and Assignor, 67. (b) Assignment of Undivided Interest, 68. (a) Claims to Past Damages Expressly Assigned, 68. (b) Claims to Past Damages Not Expressly Assigned, 69. e. Trustees, 73. 2. Defendant, 73. a. In Generaι, 73. (1) Proper Parties, 73. (2) Right to Sue One and Omit Other Infringers, 74, (3) Foinder of Foint Infringers, 74. (4) Intervention, 75 b. Agents, 75. c. Corporations and Their Officers ana Agents, 75. : 3. Defect of Parties - How Objection Made, 78. b. Nonjoinder or Misjoinder of Plaintiffs, 78. d. Amendment and Dismissal, 79. XII. ACTION AT LAW FOR INFRINGEMENT, 79. 1. Form of Action, 79. 2. Joining or Splitting Causes of Action, 80. a. In General, 80. b. Averments of Title, 81. (1) In General, 81. (2) Founded on Grant of Patent, 81. c. Describing or Designating Patent- Profert, 83. 4. Defenses under General Issue, 84. a. In General, 84. b. Special Statutory Defenses, 85. (1) Allowance of, with Notice, 85. (2) Necessity of Notice, 86. (3) Manner and Time of Giving Notice, 86. (a) Where Not Prescribed in Statute, 87. 5. Special Plea or Answer, 89. a. In General, 89. b. Statutory Defenses Admissible under General Issue, 89. (1) Right to Plead Specially, 89. (2) Special Plea Together with General Issue, 89. c. Requisites of Plea or Answer, 90. 6. Pleading Want of Patentability and Prior State of Art, 90. 7. Demurrer, 91. a. In General, 91. b. For Invalidity of Patent, 91. 8. Replication, 92. 9. Trial, 93. 10. Verdict, 93. 11. Damages - Fudgment, 94. XIII. SUIT IN EQUITY FOR INFRINGEMENT, 94. 1. The Bill, 94. a. Foinder of Causes of Action or Defendants - Multi fariousness, 94. (1) Infringement of One or More Claims, 94. (4) Uniting Several Defendants, 97. |