European Economic and Political Issues. Volume 9Nova Science, 2008 - 301 lappuses Annotation This book focuses on economic and political issues is Europe. The economy of Europe comprises more than 710 million people in 48 different states. Like other continents, the wealth of Europe's states varies, although the poorest are well above the poorest states of other continents in terms of GDP and living standards. The difference in wealth across Europe can be seen in a rough East-West divide. While Western European states all have high GDPs and living standards, many of Eastern Europe's economies are still emerging from the collapse of the USSR and former Yugoslavia. Throughout this article "Europe" and derivatives of the word are taken to include selected states that are geographically in Asia, bordering Europe - such as Azerbaijan and Cyprus. As a continent, Europe has the third largest economy in the world. Europe's largest national economy is that of Germany, which ranks third globally in nominal GDP, and fifth in purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP; and its second is that of the United Kingdom, which ranks fifth globally in nominal GDP and sixth in PPP GDP. The European Union is the world's largest (as determined by the IMF and the World Bank - 2005) or second largest economy if counted as a single unit. |
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1.3. rezultāts no 18.
51. lappuse
... procedures will yield robust results . In this case , it is suggested to use Generalized Maximum Entropy ( GME ) ... procedure made it hard to adopt in our research . Concerning the restrictions , the adding up property has been ...
... procedures will yield robust results . In this case , it is suggested to use Generalized Maximum Entropy ( GME ) ... procedure made it hard to adopt in our research . Concerning the restrictions , the adding up property has been ...
186. lappuse
... Procedure t - 1 ( 8 ) ( 9 ) The estimation of the presented GARCH models requires a non - linear solution algorithm for conditional maximum likelihood ( CML ) . We apply two kinds of maximum likelihood iterative estimation procedures ...
... Procedure t - 1 ( 8 ) ( 9 ) The estimation of the presented GARCH models requires a non - linear solution algorithm for conditional maximum likelihood ( CML ) . We apply two kinds of maximum likelihood iterative estimation procedures ...
221. lappuse
... procedure , which would promises greater robustness as regards the normal distribution assumption . We apply the test procedure by Doornik and Hansen ( 1994 ) , which was developed for small sample sizes . Similar to the Jarque - Bera ...
... procedure , which would promises greater robustness as regards the normal distribution assumption . We apply the test procedure by Doornik and Hansen ( 1994 ) , which was developed for small sample sizes . Similar to the Jarque - Bera ...
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AAA3 AAA5 Access conditions analysis assets asymmetric autocorrelation bank BBB7 benefit period bias test budget share co-residence coefficient Collateralized Debt Obligations conditional variance conditions for benefits culture demand Denmark disability divestments early retirement economic elasticity equation estimation Europe European Economy exchange rate financial system Finland follow-on scheme France funds Germany growth heteroskedasticity higher home production hypothesis income levels increase indicates investment investors issuers Italy labor labour market lags LIBOR LIBOR rates loans Maastricht criteria MBS and Pfandbrief MBS spreads mean reversion monetary Mortgage-Backed Securities negative Netherlands normal distribution output past spread levels percent Pfandbrief spreads regime replacement rates residuals securitisation securitization single mothers Slovenia Spain specification spouse spread changes spread dynamics spread series spread volatility Stability Pact standard statistical significance structure Sweden synthetic t-stat t-values Table tourism transactions underground economy unemployed unit root values variable venture capital young managers