The preceding table shows that, of the foreign-born husbands in this locality reporting location of wife, a considerably larger proportion of Croatians than Magyars and a very much larger proportion of Magyars than Poles, while only 1 per cent of the Irish, report wives abroad.

It will be seen that, with the exception of the Croatians, a slightly larger proportion of whom with residence of ten years or over than of from five to nine years having wives abroad, the proportion of wives abroad of the other races decreases as the husbands' period of residence increases.

VISITS ABROAD.

The table next presented shows, according to years in the United States and race, visits abroad made by foreign-born male iron and steel workers in the community.

TABLE 537.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The most important information disclosed in the totals of the above table is that more visits abroad are made by persons who have been in this country from five to nine years than in any other period of residence. The proportion in that group who have made one or more visits abroad is 20.3 per cent, as compared with 17.1 per cent who have lived in the United States for ten years or over and 12.6 per cent of less than five years' residence here. The Slovaks show the largest total proportion who have made visits abroad, and the Germans and Irish report the smallest. Among the Slovaks visits abroad are reported in greater proportion by those of ten years' or more residence, and in smaller proportions by those of from five to nine years, the percentage being in the case of the former 25 and of the latter 10. None of the Germans studied who have been in this country under five years and none of the Irish who have been here from five to nine years have made visits abroad, while only 6.5 per cent of the Germans who have resided here for ten years or more and 21.4 per cent of from five to nine years' residence have made visits abroad. Among the Magyars the immigrants of from five to nine years' residence show the largest proportion who have made visits abroad, the proportion being in that group 28.6 per cent as against 13.6 per cent

who have residence here under five years and 22.2 per cent of ten years or more.

The Poles show, of the races of recent immigration, the smallest proportion of persons who have made visits abroad. Of those who have resided here for less than five years the percentage is 12.8, from five to nine years, 10.4 per cent, and for ten years or more, 7.2 per cent, showing clearly a decrease in the number of visits with the increase of years of residence in this country.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR HOUSE

HOLDS.

The table next presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied who were within each specified age group.

TABLE 538.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and

race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

From data secured from 2,019 persons it was found that 26.9 per
cent are under 6 years of age, 17.7 per cent are from 6 to 13, 2.5 per
cent are from 14 to 15, and 4.2 per cent are from 16 to 19 years of
age. Further, 22.8 per cent are from 20 to 29 years of age, 20.4 per
cent are from 30 to 44, while only 5.5 per cent are 45 years of age or
over. The percentage of foreign-born persons within each nativity
group varies very little from that shown in the totals for all persons
reporting. Of persons under 6 years of age the foreign-born show
the highest percentage, followed by the whites, native-born of native
father. The native-born of foreign father show the highest per cent
in the group from 6 to 13 years of age, followed by the whites, native-
born of native father. Of persons from 14 to 15 and from 16 to 19
years of age the native-born whites of native father show the greatest
proportions, followed by native-born of foreign father. In the group
from 20 to 29 years of age the foreign-born show considerably larger
proportions than either the native-born of foreign father or the
whites, native-born of native father. Of persons from 34 to 44 years
of age and 45 years of age or over the whites, native-born of native
father show the largest proportion, followed by those native-born of
foreign father. Of the foreign-born the Croatians report 26.2 per cent
under 6 years of age. The Irish show 28.2 per cent from 6 to 13. The
Irish also report the highest per cent of persons from 14 to 15 and from
16 to 19 years of age. The Croatians report 36.6 per cent from 20 to
29 years old. The Magyars show 28.3 per cent from 30 to 44, and
the Irish show 8.2 per cent 45 years of age or over. The table shows
no great difference between the proportion of males and females in the
different age groups, except in the case of those from 20 to 29 years,
where the females show 26.1 per cent as compared with 19.8 per cent
for the males, and in the group from 30 to 44 years of age the per
cent of males is somewhat higher than that of females.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race, the per-
centage of male employees who are within each specified age group:
TABLE 539.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and race.
(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the 2,820 male employees in this locality for whom information was obtained none is under 14, and only 4.7 per cent are from 14 to 19 years of age, while 22.8, 24.4, 16.2, and 21.7 per cent are from 20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 44, respectively. The proportions from 45 to 54 and 55 or over combined constitute but 10.1 per cent of all male employees for whom information was obtained. The foreign-born show proportions in each specified age group that vary little from the proportions shown in the total for all employees. This is also true, but to a lesser extent, of both the whites, native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father.

Among the foreign-born it will be noted that no Slovenians and only a very small proportion of each of the other races are from 14 to 19 years of age. The Slovenians, on the other hand, show the largest proportion from 20 to 24 years of age, a proportion slightly larger than that show by the Croatians or North Italians, considerably larger than that shown by the Magyars, Slovaks, Poles, or English, and very much larger than that shown by the Germans, Irish, or Canadians other than French, the last named showing but 7.5 per cent. Of those from 25 to 29 years of age the Poles, Magyars, Croatians, Slovaks, and Slovenians, with proportions ranging from 36 to 25.6 per cent, each show a proportion above, while the other races, with proportions ranging from 22.9 per cent of the North Italians to 12 per cent of the Germans, each show a proportion below that shown in the total for all male employees. However, the proportion shown by the Germans is but slightly below that of the English, Irish, or Canadians other than French.

The Germans again show the smallest proportion, or 12 per cent, while the Slovaks, with 23.2 per cent, show the largest proportion from 30 to 44 years of age. Of those from 35 to 44 years of age the Canadians other than French, with 45 per cent, show a slightly larger proportion than the Irish, a considerably larger proportion than the Germans, and a much larger proportion than the North Italians or any other race. The Croatians report the lowest proportion, or 13.6 per cent. No North Italians and only small proportions of the other races, excepting the Germans, English, and Irish, are from 45 to 54 years of age, while of those 55 years of age or over the Germans, followed by the English, Canadians.other than French, and Irish, show considerably larger proportions than are shown by the North Italians, Slovaks, Magyars, and Poles. All Croatians and Slovenians are under 55 years of age.

The proportions of both Germans and Irish native-born of foreign father in each age group vary very little from the proportions shown in the total for native-born of foreign father.

CHAPTER VII.

IMMIGRANT INSTITUTIONS.

Church facilities and attendance-Public and parochial schools-Immigrants in business Immigrants in the professions Immigrant banks and investments [Text Tables 540 to 543].

CHURCH FACILITIES AND ATTENDANCE.

A large proportion of the Poles, Magyars, Croatians, and Slovaks represented here are members of the Roman Catholic Church. This allegiance has manifested itself in the erection of a large and prosperous Polish church of the Roman Catholic faith, in connection with which is a parochial school, conducted by Polish nuns. In the school classes are conducted in the Polish language, although English is taught. In addition to the Polish church, which is attended by representatives of nearly all races in the community, there are two Roman Catholic churches conducted by English-speaking priests, the communicants of which are chiefly Irish, Germans, and Americans. Aside from these three Roman Catholic churches there is one Protestant church of the Lutheran faith. Additional religious exercises are conducted in the settlement house as described elsewhere.

Besides the regular services of the churches already established in the community, little work of a religious nature is conducted. There is some activity on the part of local settlement workers, but the large churches in the adjoining city make practically no effort in the locality. One immigrant leader said that the city churches become very active at times, but that the interest manifested by them soon wanes, and he explained that during the early part of each Lent many workers come to the community from the city, but their work is unorganized and little good is accomplished.

PUBLIC AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS.

The parochial schools of Community D maintain more teachers and a better equipment and have a larger enrollment than do the public schools. The parochial schools are two in number, one to each of the two parishes covering the community. The largest parish is that composed of the Polish, Croatian, Slovak, and other southern and eastern European races, and the school in this parish has the larger enrollment and better equipment of the two parochial institutions. The second parish is composed of Irish and German immigrants and native Americans. It is located in a quarter of the community in which these races reside, and the school is conducted by English-speaking nuns.