In this locality a considerably larger proportion of foreign-born individuals who came to the United States when under 14 than of those who came here when 14 years old or over are able to read and to read and write. The percentages show the same tendency for the Poles as for all foreign-born individuals. Among the Magyars, upon the other hand, a larger proportion of individuals who came to this country when 14 years of age or over than of those who came here when under 14 can read or read and write.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The migratory habits and methods of living of the foreign-born employees are largely influenced by their conjugal condition. In this connection, the following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of male employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition:

TABLE 532.-Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by ger eral nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the persons for whom the information was obtained, 63 per cent are married, 35 per cent are single, and 2 per cent are widowed. Persons native-born of native father have a smaller proportion married and widowed and a greater proportion single than any other group. The foreign-born have the largest proportion of married, and the smallest proportion of single, males. Among the nativeborn of foreign father the Irish show 55.6 per cent married. Among the foreign-born the greater part of every race is married. There is, however, a considerable difference between the proportions who are married, which range from 51.2 per cent of the Croatians and Slovenians to 75.8 per cent of the Germans. The English and Irish, also, have a relatively large proportion married.

The table next presented shows the percentage of male employees in each conjugal condition, by age groups and by general nativity

and race.

TABLE 533.-Per cent of male employees in each conjugal condition, by uge groups and by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of the 2,686 males from whom information was secured 63 per cent are married and 2 per cent are widowed. In the group including males from 20 to 29 years of age, 40 per cent are married and 0.5 per cent are widowed. Of those who are from 30 to 44 years of age 85.7 per cent are married, and 2.1 per cent are widowed, while of persons 45 years of age or over 84.6 per cent are married and 9.4 per cent are widowed. It is noticeable that the foreign-born show a slightly higher percentage of married males in each age group than is shown in the totals for all persons reporting. In the groups showing males from 20 to 29 years of age, 30 to 44 years of age, and 45 years of age or over, the foreign-born show the highest percentage in each instance, followed by native-born whites of native father and nativeborn of foreign father in decreasing ratio. In the group showing all males 20 years of age or over the foreign-born report 65.5 per cent married, as contrasted with 58.2 per cent of the native-born of foreign father and 57.7 per cent of the native-born whites of native father who are married. The proportion of males widowed in the groups 20 to 29 years of age and from 30 to 44 years of age is small. In the group including males 45 years of age or over native whites born of native father show 13.5 per cent widowed, as contrasted with 9.2 per cent of the native-born of foreign father and 8.4 per cent of the foreign-born.

Of persons of native birth but of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Germany show a higher percentage married in each age group than is shown for persons whose fathers were born in Ireland. In the groups from 20 to 29 years of age and from 30 to 44 years of age, males whose fathers were born in Germany show a higher percentage widowed than is exhibited by males whose fathers were born in Ireland, but in the groups showing males 45 years of age or over and for all males 20 years of age or over persons of Irish parentage show the highest percentage of widowed. Of the foreign-born the Poles show the highest percentage married in each age group. In the groups from 20 to 29 years of age and 45 years of age or over the Irish show the smallest proportion who are married. In the group from 30 to 44 years of age the Croatians show the smallest proportion married. In the group of males 45 years of age or over the Croatians and the Magyars report the highest percentage widowed, while in the totals, showing all persons 20 years of age or over, the Germans report the highest percentage widowed.

The following table shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in the households studied who are in each conjugal condition:

TABLE 534.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 534.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual-Continued.

In the above table of a total of 984 persons, male and female 20 years of age or over, 92.9 per cent are married. Of the foreign-born, there is a slightly larger proportion of married people, a smaller proportion of single, and but 0.9 per cent of widowed. The employees native-born of foreign father show only 66.7 per cent of their number to be married. A proportion of 5.3 per cent of the total is widowed. From 89.6 per cent to 93.6 per cent of the Croatian, Magyar, and Polish males are married, neither of the first two named races reporting widowers and but 0.7 per cent of the Polish. Only 52.4 per cent of the native-born males of foreign father, however, are married. Of the females, from 93.4 per cent to 99.6 per cent of the Magyars, Croatians, and Poles are married, 0.4 per cent of the last named and none of the two other races being reported single. The native-born of foreign father, on the other hand, report but 75 per cent married and an additional 8.3 per cent widowed.

The table thus shows in general that a very small proportion of native-born males of foreign fathers and a very large proportion of the foreign males are married before they are 30 years of age. Among the females it will be noted that practically all of the foreign-born are married before they are 30 years of age, but less than 67 per cent of those native-born of foreign father.

It is important to note, however, that a large proportion of the foreign-born employees, although married, are not accompanied by their wives and families. This state of affairs is disclosed by the following table, which shows, by race of husband, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and the percentage who report wife abroad:

TABLE 535.—Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

From information obtained for 1,106 foreign-born husbands in this locality, 67.4 per cent report wives in the United States and 32.6 per cent wives abroad. Of those reporting wives in the United States the Irish, with 99 per cent, closely followed by the Germans and English, show the largest proportion. Of the other foreign-born husbands the Poles, 77 per cent of whom report their wives in the United States, show a very much larger proportion than do the Magyars, Slovaks, or Croatians, in the order named.

The tendency on the part of married employees whose wives were left abroad to send for their wives and families after designated periods of residence in the United States is set forth in the following table, which shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad:

TABLE 536.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]