The relatively greater tendency of foreign households than of native households to keep boarders or lodgers is clearly shown by the foregoing table, 47.3 per cent of the former having boarders or lodgers as compared with 8.5 per cent of the latter class of households. Of the households whose heads are native-born of native father, only 2 out of 35, or 5.7 per cent, have boarders or lodgers. Among the foreign-born the greatest proportion of households having boarders or lodgers is shown for the Magyars, the Croatians being next in order, followed by the Poles, who exhibit a considerably lower percentage than the two first-named races.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of boarders or lodgers per household. The averages are computed (1) on the total number of households studied and (2) on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 521.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

The totals in the table above show for the foreign households an average of 3.72 boarders or lodgers per household, based on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers, and an average of 1.76 based on the total number of households; while the total native-born have an average of only 0.11 boarders or lodgers, based on the total number of households, and the native-born of native father an average of only 0.06. The second generation, Irish, also have an average of only 0.25, based on the total number of households. Among the households whose heads are foreign-born the highest average number of boarders or lodgers on both bases of computation is shown by the Magyars, followed by the Croatians and Poles in the order named.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The range in the size of apartments occupied by the different classes of households is set forth in the following table, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms:

TABLE 522.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

Total

General nativity and race number

of head of household.

Average
number
of rooms

The above table shows that the majority of the foreign-born are living in 3 and 4 room apartments, while the native-born are living in apartments of 4 and 5 rooms. None of the households whose heads are native-born are living in apartments of less than 4 rooms in size, while 27.7 per cent of the foreign-born occupy 3-room apartments, 19.2 per cent 2 rooms, and 2.7 per cent 1 room. On the other hand, only 7 per cent of the total foreign-born have apartments of 5 rooms in size, and 1.2 per cent 6 rooms, as contrasted with 29.8 per cent of the native-born occupying 5-room apartments and 14.9 per cent 6 rooms. It is also worthy of note that 22.9 per cent of the households whose heads are native-born of native father are living in apartments of 7 or more rooms, while only 1.9 per cent of the total foreign-born, 0.8 per cent of the Poles, 1.3 per cent of the Maygars, and 4.5 per cent of the Croatians are occupying apartments of this size. Among the households whose heads are foreign-born, the Croatians show the largest proportion occupying 1-room apartments, the Poles the largest percentage in 2 rooms, and the Magyars the largest in 3 rooms.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented sets forth the range in the size of households by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households of each specified number of persons.

48296-VOL 8-11-50

TABLE 523.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The foregoing table shows that the majority of the households whose heads are either native or foreign born consist of 3 to 6 persons, the native-born showing a larger proportion containing 3 persons, and the foreign-born a larger percentage of 5 and 6 persons. About the same proportion of both native and foreign households are of 2 persons, but only 2.1 per cent of the total native-born, as compared with 10.4 per cent of the total foreign-born, consist of 10 or more persons. None of the households whose heads are nativeborn of native father contains more than 9 persons, while 18.2 per cent of the Croatian, 22.8 per cent of the Magyar, and 5.7 per cent of the Polish households have 10 or more persons.

CONGESTION.

The series of tables next presented bear directly upon congestion within the households studied, and the effect of such congestion upon living arrangements. The table first submitted shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room:

TABLE 524.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Upon referring to the totals in the preceding table, it is seen that the foreign-born have a higher average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room than the native-born. The nativeborn of foreign father also show higher averages per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room than the native-born, and, although a higher average number of persons per apartment than the foreignborn, a lower average per room and per sleeping room. The least degree of crowding is indicated by the households whose heads are native-born of native father, this class of households exhibiting the lowest average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room. Of the households whose heads are foreign-born, the Magyars have the highest average number of persons per apartment, followed by the Croatians, Irish, Germans, and Poles, in the order named. The Magyars also show the highest average number of persons per room, the Croatians also being next in order, and the Poles third, followed by the Irish and Germans. As regards the average number of persons per sleeping room, the races rank in practically the same order as in the average number of persons per room.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the range in the number of persons per room in the households studied:

TABLE 525.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

The foregoing table clearly indicates more crowded living conditions among the households whose heads are foreign-born as contrasted with those whose heads are of native birth. Of the nativeborn, only 4.3 per cent have 2 or more persons per room and none have 3 or more persons per room; on the other hand, 42.2 per cent of the total foreign households have 2 or more persons per room, 13.8 per cent have 3 or more persons, and 2.4 per cent 4 or more persons The households whose heads are native-born of native per room. father show an average of only 0.94 persons per room and no households with an average of 2 persons per room, 51.4 per cent of the

households have 1, but less than 2 persons per room. Of the foreignborn, the greatest degree of crowding is indicated by the Magyars, 30.4 per cent of the households of this race having 3 or more persons per room and 10.1 per cent 4 or more persons per room. The Croatian households stand next to the Magyars in respect to congestion per room, and they are closely followed by the Poles.

The following table shows the persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 526.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

Of the households in this locality for which information was secured, 89.1 per cent have 2 or more persons per sleeping room, 55.6 per cent have 3 or more persons per sleeping room, 21.1 per cent have 4 or more persons per sleeping room, 9.6 per cent have 5 or more persons per sleeping room, and 5 per cent have 6 or more persons per sleeping room. The proportion of households having each specified number of persons per sleeping room is considerably larger among the foreign-born than among the native-born of native father. Of the foreign races for which the percentages have been computed, the Magyars have the largest proportion of households having 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, and 6 or more persons per sleeping room, respectively.

The effect of the crowded conditions within the households is indicated by the table next presented, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms.