Lapas attēli
PDF
ePub

TABLE 507.-Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family.
(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][subsumed][merged small]

Of a total of 45 wives whose husbands were native-born, it is significant that none are at work, and only 4 wives, or 1.1 per cent, of those whose husbands were foreign-born, are so reported. The greatest tendency toward the employment of wives outside of the households is shown among the Magyar families.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows the yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over working for wages, by general nativity and race of individual:

TABLE 508.-- Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

[blocks in formation]

The yearly earnings of the females 18 years of age or over for whom information was secured average $194. Of the 11 individuals studied, all earn under $400 yearly, 10 under $300 yearly, and 7 under $200.

48296°-VOL 8-11-49

RELATION BETWEEN THE EARNINGS OF HUSBANDS AND THE PRACTICE OF WIVES OF KEEPING BOARDERS OR LODGERS.

The relation between the average annual earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers is set forth in the tables next presented, which show, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family, the number and per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 509.--Number of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

a For selection of families, see Vol. II, p. 272. Of the selected families, only those which have both husband and wife present appear in this table.

This column includes 8 families in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none." e This column includes 5 families in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none."

TABLE 510.-Per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more selected families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. For selection of families, see Vol. II, p. 272. Of the selected families, only those which have both husband and wife present appear in this table.]

[blocks in formation]

a This column includes 5 families in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none."
Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The preceding table shows that 45.1 per cent of wives whose husbands earn under $400 annually work or keep boarders or lodgers, 39.2 per cent of those whose husbands earn from $400 to $600 per annum work or keep boarders or lodgers and where the husbands' earnings were over $600 each year 33.3 per cent of the wives have employment or keep boarders or lodgers, thus making a total of 41.5 per cent of wives who are working or keeping boarders or lodgers, regardless of the annual earnings of the husbands.

Relatively more wives of foreign-born husbands are earners and producers than is the case with those whose husbands were nativeborn. Of those whose husbands were foreign-born and earning under $400 yearly, the Magyars, with 66.7 per cent, show the highest percentage of wives working or keeping boarders or lodgers. This same condition also exists in the case where the husbands' income is between $400 and $600, the figure here being 72.2 per cent. The Croatians, with 100 per cent of their wives, whose husbands earn over $600, working or keeping boarders or lodgers, lead in that classification, while the Poles in that group, with 30.8 per cent, show the smallest proportion of wives so engaged. In the totals the proportions of Croatians and Magyars are about equal, each having 65 per cent or over, while the Poles, with 40.1 per cent, again show the smallest proportion.

SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the percentage of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources:

TABLE 511.-Per cent of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. One family is excluded which reports income as "none."]

[blocks in formation]

Upon referring to the totals in the above table, it is seen that about equal proportions of families whose heads were native-born or foreignborn have an income from the earnings of husbands. The significant

fact disclosed by the table is that 20 per cent of the native-born families and only 7.7 per cent of the foreign-born derive an income from contributions of children, while, on the other hand, 44.8 per cent of the foreign-born, as contrasted with 8.9 per cent of the nativeborn families, receive an income from the payments of boarders or lodgers. A comparison of the several races reveals the same tendencies as disclosed by the total for the foreign-born families. All of the Croatian and Polish, and 92.1 per cent of the Magyar families, receive an income from the earnings of heads, and a small proportion of the families of all three races have an income from contributions of children, while 65 per cent of the Croatian, 63.2 per cent of the Magyar, and 39.7 per cent of the Polish families obtain a part of their income from the payments of boarders or lodgers. None of the Croatian families, and only 0.8 per cent of the Polish and 2.6 per cent of the Magyar, have an income from earnings of wives. By way of contrast with the families whose heads were foreign-born, it is seen that the families whose heads were native-born of native father to the extent of 15.2 per cent, receive an income from the contributions of children, while only 6.1 per cent of such families have an income from the payments of boarders or lodgers.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the source of family income in detail, the percentage of families depending upon each source having no income from any other sources:

TABLE 512.-Source of family income in detail, by general nativity and race of head of

family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. One family is excluded which reports income as "none."]

[blocks in formation]

The totals in the table above indicate that a considerably smaller percentage of families whose heads were foreign-born derive their entire income from the earnings of husbands than of families whose heads were native-born, while a much larger proportion of foreign

born families, as compared with native-born, receive their entire income from the earnings of husbands plus the payments of boarders or lodgers. On the other hand, a considerably greater proportion of native-born families, as contrasted with foreign-born, obtain their entire income from the earnings of husbands and children. Of the three races among the foreign-born, the Poles show the highest proportion of families who depend entirely upon the earnings of husbands for their support, as well as the larger per cent having their entire income from the earnings of husbands and children; and the Croatians, followed closely by the Magyars, exhibit the largest proportion deriving the family income from the earnings of husbands and the payments of boarders or lodgers.

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

The comparative importance of specified sources of family income is shown in the following table, which exhibits, by general nativity and race of head of family, the percentage of total yearly income from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources: TABLE 513.-Per cent of total family income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. One family is excluded which reports income as "none."]

[blocks in formation]

The total number of families in the preceding table have 75.7 per cent of their total annual income from the earnings of the husband, 15.1 per cent from the payments of boarders or lodgers, and 6.9 per cent from the contributions of children. The proportion of the total income from other sources is inconsiderable. The families the heads of which were native whites of native father have a greater proportion of their total income from the earnings of the husband than have those whose heads were foreign-born. In both cases, however, the proportion of income from that source is greater than that from any other. The payments of boarders or lodgers are a source of 17 per cent of the income of the families of foreign-born heads and only 1.9 per cent of the income of those the heads of which were native-born of native father. The contributions of children, on the contrary, form

« iepriekšējāTurpināt »